Assignment 1 - Website Design & Development - Pass, Assignments of Applications of Computer Sciences

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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 10: Website Design & Development Submission date 18/04/2022^ Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date 19/05/2022^ Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Huynh Minh Huy Student ID GCD Class GCD1001 Assessor name Phan Thanh Tra Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Huy

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Table of Contents

• CHAPTER 1: Server technologies and management services................................................................................
  • I. Identify the purpose and types of DNS.
    • 1. The definition of DNS...........................................................................................................................................
    • 2. The purpose of DNS.
    • 3. Types of DNS.
  • II. How Domain Names are organized and managed.
  • III. Explaining the purpose of Communication protocols.
    • 1. The definition of Communicating protocols.
    • 2. The important of Communication protocols.
    • 3. Types of Communication Protocols.
  • IV. Explain the purpose of Server Hardware.
    • 1. Motherboard.
    • 2. Processor.
    • 3. Random Access Memory.
    • 4. Hard disk drive.....................................................................................................................................................
    • 5. Network Connection.
    • 6. Power Supply.
    • 7. GPU.
  • V. Explain the purpose of Operating Systems....................................................................................................
    • 1. Definition of Server Operating System (Server OS)?.............................................................................
  • VI. Explain the purpose of Web Server Software.
    • 1. Definition of Web Server Software.
    • 2. Common and top Web Server Software.
  • and accessing a website. VII. Explain the relationship between technologies above with regards to designing, publishing
• CHAPTER 2: Website technologies, tools and software.
  • I. The capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies.
  • II. Explain how these relate to presentation and application layers.
  • III. Review Front-End Technologies.
    • 1. What is Front-End Technologies?
  • IV. Review Back-End Technologies.....................................................................................................................
    • 1. What is Back-End Technologies?
  • V. Review Database......................................................................................................................................................
  • VI. Reviews IDES.
  • VII. Review CMS.
    • 1. What is Content Management System (CMS)?
  • VIII. Review Website Builders.
    • 1. Online Creation Tools.
    • 2. Custom Build Website.
    • 3. Comparison between Online Creation Tools and Custom Build Website.
• References
• Figure 1: Domain Names System. Table of Figures
• Figure 2: DNS Queries.
• Figure 3: DNS Servers.
• Figure 4: DNS Records.
• Figure 5: Communication Protocols.
• Figure 6: Inner System Protocol.
• Figure 7: UART Protocol.
• Figure 8: USART Protocol.
• Figure 9: USB Protocol.
• Figure 10: Intra System Protocol....................................................................................................................................
• Figure 11: I2C Protocol.......................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 12: SPI Protocol.
• Figure 13: CAN Protocol.....................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 14: HTTP Protocol.
• Figure 15: Motherboard.
• Figure 16: Processor............................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 17: Random Access Memory.
• Figure 18: Hard disk drive.
• Figure 19: Network Connection.
• Figure 20: Power Supply....................................................................................................................................................
• Figure 21: GPU.
• Figure 22: Window Server.
• Figure 23: macOS X Server.
• Figure 24: UNIX.
• Figure 25: Linux Server.
• Figure 26: Web server software.
• Figure 27: Apache HTTP Server.
• Figure 28: Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS).
• Figure 29: Nginx.
• Figure 30: Lighttpd.
• Figure 31: Sun Java System Web Server.
• Figure 32: Front-End and Back-End.
• Figure 33: Front-End.
• Figure 34: Back-End.
• Figure 35: Database.
• Figure 36: IDEs.
• Figure 37: Visual Studio Code.
• Figure 38: Sublime Text.
• Figure 39: Komodo Edit.
• Figure 40: Content Management System(CMS).
• Figure 41: Online Creation Tools.
• Figure 42: Wix.com.
• Figure 43: Custom Build Website.
• Table 1: : Differences between the Inter System Protocols. Table of Tables
• Table 2: Differences between the Intra System Protocols.
• Table 3: Comparison between Online creation tools and Custom build website.

CHAPTER 1: Server technologies and management services. I. Identify the purpose and types of DNS.

1. The definition of DNS. The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network that is based on a distributed database. Most crucially, it converts human-readable domain names into numerical identities for networking equipment, allowing devices to be identified and linked globally. DNS, which functions similarly to a network "phone book," is how a browser can convert a domain name (for example, "facebook.com") to the actual IP address of the server, which holds the information requested by the browser.
2. The purpose of DNS. DNS's aim is to transform a domain name into the correct IP address. This is accomplished by checking up the requesting domain's DNS records. This DNS lookup procedure normally consists of eight phases that follow the information stream from the originating web browser to the DNS server and back again. In reality, DNS information is frequently cached in order to minimize DNS lookup response time. When DNS information isn't cached, the eight-step lookup process is as follows: Figure 1 : Domain Names System.

3. Types of DNS. a. DNS Queries. A DNS request is another term for a DNS query. In order to retrieve the IP address, it is a request for information sent from the user's computer to a DNS server. This indicates that the DNS client is seeking the IP address associated with that domain from the DNS server. There are three types of queries occurs in DNS query:  Recursive Query: A recursive inquiry is one in which the DNS server does all of the work of addressing the users. In a recursive query, the DNS server queries another DNS server on the user's behalf. When a user requests a domain by asking its name, the server completes the translation and returns the IP address of the domain to the user.  Iterative Query: In an iterative inquiry, the user can make several requests to different DNS servers for resolution. It indicates that an iterative DNS query is a request for a website or URL, and the DNS server answers with the IP address if the server does not have the desired IP address. If the server does not have the requested IP address, the request is passed to another DNS server. Figure 2 : DNS Queries.

 Non-Recursive Query: A non-recursive query is one for which the DNS Resolver already has a response. That either instantly delivers the DNS records or searches the name server that is authoritative for the records, and because that is kept in local cache, the user receives an instantaneous answer. b. DNS Servers. Domain names are converted to IP addresses by DNS servers. It translates human requests into machine IP addresses, making it easier to contact the origin server.  DNS Resolver: A DNS resolver, also known as a recursive resolver, converts hostnames into IP addresses that machines can understand. Requests from web browsers and other applications are handled by this server. This resolver receives a hostname of the type www.sample.com and is also responsible for tracking the IP address associated with that hostname.  DNS Root Servers: DNS root servers are name servers that work in the root zone of the DNS system. The server Figure 3 : DNS Servers.

The common DNS record types are:  Address mapping record (A record): An 'A record' is a DNS record that records a hostname and its matching IP address. This implies that it is used to give the IP address connected with the domain name. It's a specific sort of DNS record.  IP version 6 address record (AAAA record): The second form of DNS record, often known as a 'AAAA record,' is an Internet Protocol version 6 record. The 'AAAA record' contains information about the hostname and IP address for version 6.  Canonical Name Record (CNAME record): The Canonical Name Record is abbreviated as CNAME. The CNAME record links one domain name to another. For example, the CNAME record might map a web address to the real website.  Mail Exchanger Record (MX Record): An MX record is a mail exchange record. It indicates the domain name's mail server, which is in charge of receiving email messages on behalf of the domain name. All emails sent to recipients are first sent to the mail server with the IP address, and then the recipient receives the email.  Name Server Record (NS Record): The name server record is abbreviated as a 'NS Record.' It provides the name server's domain name. This record is located at the top of your domain, it is public, and it is only stored in particular areas.

 Reverse-lookup pointer record (PTR Record): A PTR record is a reverse-lookup pointer record. It gives you a domain name that's linked to an IP address. It's the polar opposite of the 'A record.' In DNS lookup, the PTR record is utilized.  Certificate Record (CERT Record): The certificate record is abbreviated as 'CERT Record.' It keeps the encrypted certificates on file and only sends information to legitimate receivers.  Service Location (SRV Record): The domain name server stores data about location (e.g., hostname, port number) in the service location records. It's a DNS resource record that's used to find active directory domain controllers.  Text Record (TXT record): A text record (TXT record) is a DNS record that provides text information for sources outside of the domain, as well as machine- readable data such as encryption, sender policy, and so on.  Start of Authority (SOA Record): The start of authority record (SOA Record) is a type of DNS record that carries information on DNS zone files, domain serial numbers, and, in particular, zone transfer. Its format is defined in RFC 1035.

2. The important of Communication protocols. Communication protocols assist varied network devices to converse with each other by transmitting the analog signals, digital signals, different files & process the data from one device to other devices. These types of protocols are applicable in telecommunication & computer networks where suitable rules are executed to transmit information from source to destination. The most vital protocols within networking are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) & User datagram protocol (UDP).
3. Types of Communication Protocols. Communication protocols are categorized into two sorts, which are listed below:  Inner System Protocol.  Intra System Protocol.  HTTP Protocol. a. Inner System Protocol. The inter-system protocol that is used to communicate between the two devices. Communication between a computer and a microcontroller kit, for example. An inter-bus system is used for communication. The following are some of the most common intersystem protocol types:  UART Protocol.  USART Protocol.  USB Protocol. Figure 6 : Inner System Protocol.

 UART Protocol. A universal asynchronous transmitter and receiver is referred to as a UART. The UART Technologies are two wired serial communication protocols. Rx and Tx are the signal lines on a data wire. For transmitting and receiving signals, serial communication is often employed. It sends and receives data serially, bit by bit, without the need of class pulses. The UART receives bytes of data and delivers the bits in a sequential order. UART is a half-duplex communication protocol. Half-duplex indicates that data is transferred and received but not at the same time. The majority of controllers include a hardware UART. The data is transmitted and received via a single data line. It has one start bit, 8 bits of data, and one stop bit, indicating that the 8-bit data transmission is from high to low. Ex: Emails, SMS, Walkie-talkie, … Figure 7 : UART Protocol.

with an ARM controller through USB. The data is sent to multiple modes through USB. The first is a modest speed mode of 10 to 100 kbps; the second is a full speed mode of 500 to 10 mbps; and the third is a high-speed mode of 25 to 400 Mbps. The maximum length of a USB cable is 4 meters. Ex: Mouse, Keyboard, Hubs, switches, pen drive.  Differences between the Inter System Protocols. UAR T

USAR

T

USB

UART (Universal Asynchronous Transmitter and Receiver) is an acronym for Universal Asynchronous Transmitter and Receiver. USART (Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous Data Transmitter and Receiver) is an acronym for Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous Data Transmitter and Receiver. Universal Serial Bus is the abbreviation for Universal Serial Bus. UART is primarily comprised of two wire- based protocols: transmitter and receiver. USART, like Transmitter and Receiver, is a two-wire protocol. USB, like D+ and D-, is a two- wire standard. It sends and receives byte- by-byte data packets without the need of classes. It sends and receives a block of data using pulse classes. It uses clock pulses to send and receive data. UART is a half-duplex communication protocol. USART is a full-duplex communication protocol. USB also supports full-duplex communication. In comparison to USART, UART is sluggish. In comparison to USB, USART is sluggish. When compared to USART and UART, it is much faster. Table 1 : : Differences between the Inter System Protocols. Figure 9 : USB Protocol.

b. Intra System Protocol. To communicate between the two components on the circuit board, the Intra system protocol is employed. We shall increase the peripherals of the microcontroller by employing these intra system protocols instead of turning to intra system protocols. Using the intra system protocol will increase circuit complexity and power consumption. The cost of accessing data is reduced by using intra system protocols, which reduce circuit complexity and power consumption. The different categories of intra system protocol mainly include the following.  I2C Protocol.  SPI Protocol.  CAN Protocol.  I2C Protocol I2C stands for inter-integrated circuit, and it connects all peripherals to the microcontroller with only two cables. To transfer data between devices, I2C uses two wires: SDA (serial data line) and SCL (serial clock line). It's a communication protocol between a master and a slave. Each slave has his or her own address. The master device transmits the target slave device's address and reads/writes the flag. The address corresponds to any slave device that is turned on, while the remaining slave devices are in disabled status. Figure 10 : Intra System Protocol.