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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development Submission date 14 /04/2022 Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Phan Nhat Linh Student ID GCD Class GCD0905 Assessor name Phan Thanh Tra Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Linh Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 D
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Table of Contents
- CHAPTER I: SERVER TECHNOLOGIES AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES ( P1 – P2 )
- Identify the purpose and types of DNS
- 1.1 Defenition
- 1.2 The purpose of DNS
- 1.3 How DNS Works
- 1.4 DNS Types
- How domain names are organised and managed
- 2.1 What is domain name?
- 2.2 Purpose........................................................................................................................................................................................
- 2.3 How does domain name work?
- Communication protocols
- 3.1 Definition
- 3.2 What is the purpose of communication protocols?
- 3.3 Why are communication protocols important?
- 3.4 What is communication protocol and its types?
- 3.4 Popular communication protocol
- Server hardware
- 4.1 Definition
- 4.2 The purpose of Server hardware
- 4.3 Types of server hardware
- 4.4 Server hardware architecture
- Operating systems
- 5.1 What is an operating system?
- 5.2 The purpose of Operating systems
- 5.3 Types of operating systems
- 5.4 Common operating systems
- Web server software
- 6.1 What is a web server?
- 6.2 How does a web server work?
- 6.3 The purpose of Web server software
- 6.4 Popular Web server
- The relationship between technologies above with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.
- 7.1 The function
- 7.2 Relationship between them
- CHAPTER II: WEBSITE TECHNOLOGIES, TOOLS AND SOFTWARE (P3 – P4 – M3)
- The capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies
- 1.1 The capabilities and relationships
- 1.2 The Difference between Frontend and Backend
- How these relate to presentation and application layers
- 2.1 Presentation layer
- 2.2 Frontend (client-side) Application Layer....................................................................................................................................
- 2.3 Backend (server-side) Application Layer
- 2.4 Sumary
- Review Front End technologies
- 3.1 React
- 3.2 Vue.js
- 3.3 Angular
- 3.4 Svelte...........................................................................................................................................................................................
- 3.5 jQuery
- 3.6 Ember
- 3.7 Backbone.js
- Review Back End technologies
- 4.1 JavaScript
- 4.2 Python
- 4.3 Ruby
- 4.4 PHP
- 4.5 Java
- 4.6 Golang
- Review Databases
- 5.1 Definition
- 5.2 What is Structured Query Language (SQL)?
- 5.3 Evolution of the database
- 5.4 Types of databases
- Review IDEs
- 6.1 Definition
- 6.2 Visual Studio Code
- 6.3 Other IDEs
- Review CMS
- 7.1 What is a Content Management System (CMS)?
- 7.2 How Does a Content Management System Work?.....................................................................................................................
- 7.3 What Makes up a Content Management System?
- 7.4 Popular Content Management System (CMS)
- Online creation tool...........................................................................................................................................................................
- 8.1 Definition
- 8.2 Wix (Best All-Around Website Builder)
- Custom built website.......................................................................................................................................................................
- Comparison table between online creation tools and custom built websites
- M2 )......................................................................................................................................................................................................... CHAPTER III: EVALUATE OR CRITICALLY REVIEW TECHNICAL NOTES ON ALL OF THE EXPECTED TOPICS ( M1 –
- Influence of common web development technologies and frameworks
- value and rank through search engine optimisation. 2. Review the influence of search engines on website performance and provide evidence-based support for improving a site’s index
- 2.1 Concept of search engine
- 2.2 Concept of SEO
- 2.3 Technical solution(s) to improve website index based on SEO
- CHAPTER IV: JUSTIFYING THE TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES CHOSEN TO REALIZE A CUSTOM BUILT WEBSITE (D1)
- Overview
- Website tools and techniques
- 2.1 Front end
- 2.2 Back end....................................................................................................................................................................................
- 2.3 Visual studio code
- References
- Figure 1: DNS Table of Figures
- Figure 2: How DNS Works.......................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 3: How does a DNS query work
- Figure 4: How does a DNS Sever works
- Figure 5: Examples of DNS Record
- Figure 6: Domain names
- Figure 7: Communication protocols
- Figure 8: A server hardware
- Figure 9: A rack sever
- Figure 10: A blade server
- Figure 11: Examples of operating system
- Figure 12: Batch operating systems
- Figure 13: Time Sharing Operating System
- Figure 14: Distributed operating systems
- Figure 15: Network operating systems
- Figure 16: Real-time operating systems
- Figure 17: Examples of Mobile operating systems...................................................................................................................................
- Figure 18: Windows operating systems
- Figure 19: Linux operating systems
- Figure 20: Mac OS X
- Figure 21: Web server
- Figure 22: Web server working
- Figure 23: How Does Apache Web Server Work?
- Figure 24: Comparison Chart between frontend and backend..................................................................................................................
- Figure 25: Examples of front end technologies
- Figure 26: The logo of React
- Figure 27: The logo of Vue.js
- Figure 28: The logo of Angular
- Figure 29: The logo of Svelte
- Figure 30: The logo of jQuery
- Figure 31: The logo of Ember...................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 32: The logo of Backbone.js
- Figure 33: The logo of JavaScript
- Figure 34: What is node.js used for
- Figure 35: The logo of Python
- Figure 36: What is python used for...........................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 37: The logo of Ruby
- Figure 38: What is Ruby used for
- Figure 39: The logo of PHP
- Figure 40: The logo of Java
- Figure 41: The logo of Golang..................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 42: Database
- Figure 43: Visual studio code
- Figure 44: The logo of VS code
- Figure 45: The interface of VS code
- Figure 46: The logo of Visual studio
- Figure 47: The logo of IntelliJ IDEA
- Figure 48: The logo of Aptana Studio
- Figure 49: Content Management System (CMS)......................................................................................................................................
- Figure 50: WordPress.org
- Figure 51: HubSpot CMS Hub
- Figure 52: Joomla
- Figure 53: WooCommerce
- Figure 54: Drupal
- Figure 55: Free website builder
- Figure 56: Information of Wix.com
- Figure 57: Windows support and help on Wix.com
- Figure 58: Video tutorial on Wix.com
- Figure 59: Youtube
- Figure 60: Examples of search engine
- Figure 61: Search engine optimization (SEO)
- Figure 62: Migrate Your Site to HTTPS protocol
- Figure 63: Make Your Website Mobile-Friendly
- Figure 64: Make Your Website Super-Fast
- Figure 65: Create And Optimize XML Sitemaps
- Figure 66: Optimize Internal Links.........................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 67: VS code
1.2 The purpose of DNS
The purpose of DNS is to translate a domain name into the appropriate IP address. This is done by looking up the dns records of the requested domain. There are typically eight steps in this DNS lookup process that follow the information path from the originating web browser to the DNS server and back again. In practice, DNS information is often cached to reduce the DNS lookup response time. When the DNS information is not cached, the eight-step lookup process is as follows: The eight steps in a DNS lookup: ➢ A user enters a domain name (e.g., facebook.com) into their browser, and the browser sends the query via their internet service provider isp to a DNS recursive resolver. ➢ The DNS recursive resolver, in turn, sends a query to the root DNS nameserver (.). ➢ The root server returns to the resolver the address of the top-level domain (i.e., “TLD”) DNS root server, which has the needed information for the facebook.com domain. (Examples of a top- level domain tld include “.com”, “.net”, and “.org,” which each TLD having it’s own root DNS server.) ➢ In turn, the resolver then sends the information request to the Top-Level Domain server (In this case, the “.com” TLD nameserver). ➢ The TLD name server responds to the resolver with the targeted IP address of the domain’s nameserver. (In this case, the DNS server for “facebook.com”.) ➢ Next, the DNS recursive resolver sends the query to the domain’s DNS server. ➢ The domain’s DNS server then returns the IP address to the DNS resolver for the requested domain (e.g., “facebook.com”. ➢ Finally, the DNS resolver returns the IP address of the requested domain to the requesting web browser. The browser sends the HTTPS request to the targeted IP address, and the server with that address returns the webpage, which renders in the user’s browser.
1. 3 How DNS Works
Figure 2 : How DNS Works The Domain Name System (DNS) is a worldwide system that converts IP addresses into human-readable domain names. When a user attempts to reach a web address such as "example.com," their web browser or application sends a DNS Query to a DNS server, providing the hostname. The DNS server converts the hostname into a numeric IP address to which the web browser may connect. A component known as a DNS Resolver is in charge of determining if the hostname is already in local cache and, if not, contacting a succession of DNS Name Servers until it obtains the IP address of the service the user is attempting to visit and returning it to the browser or application. This normally just takes a fraction of a second.
1. 4 DNS Types
a. DNS Query
Figure 4 : How does a DNS Sever works ➢ DNS Resolver: A DNS resolver (recursive resolver) is intended to handle DNS requests that include a human-readable hostname, such as "www.example.com," and is in charge of tracking the IP address associated with that hostname. ➢ DNS Root Server: The root server is the initial stage in the process of going from a hostname to an IP address. The DNS Root Server determines the Top Level Domain (TLD) from the user's query — for example, www.example.com — and gives information for the.com TLD Name Server. In turn, the server will offer information for domains in the.com DNS zone, such as "example.com.". Worldwide, 13 root servers, denoted by the letters A through M, are administered by organizations such as the Internet Systems Consortium, Verisign, ICANN, the University of Maryland, and the United States Army Research Lab. ➢ Authoritative DNS Server: Higher level DNS servers determine which DNS server is the "authoritative" name server for a certain hostname, which means it has the most up-to-date information for that hostname. The last stop in the name server query is the Authoritative Name Server, which accepts the hostname and delivers the proper IP address to the DNS Resolver (or if it cannot find the domain, returns the message NXDOMAIN).
c. 10 Top DNS Record Types Figure 5 : Examples of DNS Record A DNS record is created by DNS servers to give crucial information about a domain or hostname, namely its current IP address. The following are the most frequent DNS record types: ➢ A hostname and its matching IPv4 address are stored in an Address Mapping record (A Record), also known as a DNS host record. ➢ A hostname and its accompanying IPv6 address are stored in an IP Version 6 Address record (AAAA Record). ➢ A Canonical Name Record (CNAME Record) can be used to alias one hostname to another. When a DNS client requests a record containing a CNAME pointing to another hostname, the DNS resolution process is redone using the new hostname. ➢ The mail exchanger record (MX Record) indicates the domain's SMTP email server, which is used to route outgoing emails to an email server. ➢ Name Server records (NS Record)—specifies that a DNS Zone, such as "example.com," is assigned to a certain Authoritative Name Server and lists the name server's address.
Figure 6 : Domain names The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system that assists Internet users in navigating the Internet. Each Internet- connected device, such as a computer, has a unique address, similar to a phone number, which is a sophisticated string of digits known as a "IP address" (IP stands for "Internet Protocol" ). Because IP addresses are difficult to remember, the DNS simplifies Internet access by allowing a string of letters (the "domain name") to be used instead of a complicated IP address. Instead of entering 304.252.198.1, try www.domaintools.com. It is a "mnemonic" gadget that aids in the recall of addresses. Domain names are arranged into subdomains, which are subordinate levels of the root domain of the Domain Name System. Top-level domains (TLDs) are the first-level collection of domain names that include generic top-level domains (gTLDs) like.com,.net, and.org, as well as country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). In the instances google.fr and google.com.au, the ccTLDs are indicated to the right of the dot, such as.fr or.au. Second and third-level domain names in the DNS system, such as DomainTools or Google, are classified as top-level domains. End users can often reserve these domains in order to host web pages, establish publicly accessible Internet resources, and link the Internet to local area networks. Second level domains often provide the name of the organization and/or are descriptive of the service offered, whilst third level domains are used to point to a specific server inside an organization.
2.2 Purpose
Domain names serve as human-memorable names for Internet participants such as computers, networks, and services. A domain name identifies an Internet Protocol (IP) resource. Individual Internet host computers employ domain names as host IDs or hostnames. Hostnames are the leaf labels of the domain name system, with no subordinate domain namespace. Hostnames are included as a component in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for Internet resources such as websites (e.g. en.ictea.com). Domain Names are used for different purposes, including application-specific naming, addressing, and in various networking contexts to establish: ➢ Identification of hostnames and hosts is simple: Hostnames are used in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for Internet resources such as websites. The www in www.google.com, for example, is a third level domain,.com is a top level domain, and google is a second level domain. ➢ Names that are easy to remember: Domain names are useful since they are easily remembered. Books.com, for example, is easier to remember than the Internet Protocol (IP) address 65.204.48.126.
2.3 How does domain name work?
Domain names are important because they allow computers to locate the server where your website is stored. The website files may then be accessed from that server, allowing users to visit your site through their browsers. However, in order to properly comprehend this procedure, you must first grasp what an IP address is and how the Domain Name System allows computers to transform domain names into IP addresses.
