Assignment: Networking Infrastructure
Full Name: TrươngBáChính
ID: GCH17527
Tutor: Le Van Thuan
Class: GCH0707
Hanoi City…Date:01-12-2018
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Network Design and Configuration: A Case Study of a School Network, Assignments of Network Design
Assignment final: unit 2 Networking
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Assignment: Networking Infrastructure
Full Name: TrươngBáChính ID: GCH Tutor: Le Van Thuan Class: GCH Hanoi City…Date:01- 12 - 2018
Table of Contents
1 Network types
Network is a system composed of multiple hosts and devices connected to each other for data transmission and sharing, allowing the user to communicate with each other. According to 11 type of networks explained: VPN, LAN and More (2016) suggest there are 11 types of networks available, such as LAN, WAN, MAN, VPN, PAN .... But there are three types of networks needed and play important roles: Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wide Area Network(WAN), and Internet. They are used for various purposes such as internet access or downloading attachments from emails ...So the types of networks have different benefits and disadvantages. (Bourgeois, 2016).
1.1Local Area Network (LAN)
Kozierok (2005) stated that LAN is a computer network, that interconnects a group of computers that are relatively close together and communicate with each other in a certain area, in the same room or building or school. (M.Kozierok, 2005). Figure 1 Local Area Network( (Royce, n.d.).
1.1.1 Pros of Local Area Network (LAN).
Alam (2014) conducted research into the benefits of Local Area Network that. LAN helps users easily share resources, with the help of Local Area Network. Computer hardware resources such as printers, modems, hard disks can be shared easily. LAN also help users can be save money by users can share one application purchased instead of each customer having to buy the application and only internet connection sharing system keeps the internet costs cheaper. Data and messages can easily be routed through networked computers(LAN). Users can access to their own data by signing into their record from any customer PC in the system. Simple LAN administration because data stored on central server. (Alam, 2014).
1.1.2 Cons of Local Area Network (LAN).
Alam (2014) stated the cons of Local Area Network that. LAN has a limited range of connections. Such as office, a building or a school…Users have to spend the initial setup cost of 1
installing LAN is high and if large LAN need to have an administrator to operate. LAN administrators have the right to check and access personal data and to check the computer history of each user using the Local Area Network and LAN administrators will implement a fully functional security policy and responsible for the safety of the database So it not privacy.
1.2 Metropolitan Area Network(MAN).
James (2009) suggest that, metropolitan Area Network has the same connection as the LAN model. MAN is a network that connects users to computer resources in a geographical area or region that is larger than the coverage of a large local area network (LAN). It allows you to connect multiple LANs quickly together It connects LANs to each other through the medium, communication devices connected to each other in a certain area as in a city or a center. (James Edwards, 2009). Figure 2 Metropolitan Area Network (computernetworkingtopics, n.d.).
1.2.1 Pros of Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
James (2009) recommend that MAN range of connections is relatively large, with stable speeds with medium bandwidth to operate applications such as ATM, cable television, lower installation costs than the global network. The wan network also meets the security. requirements. Users can use LAN to manage and switch easily. It is easy to deploy applications efficiently and manage the infrastructure of the system easily more. (James Edwards, 2009).
1.2.2 Cons of Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
James (2009) state that high cost of installation and operation and network administration
requirements are more complex because of MAN connect many LAN. And the
bandwidth is not really high. (James Edwards, 2009).
1.3Wide Area Network (WAN).
Bourgeois (2016) stated that WAN stands for Wide Area Network. Wide area network is a data network designed to connect Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) between geographically separated regions, covering both a nation or a global. (Bourgeois, 2016). 2
Figure 4 Network Standards Organizations (Brian Morton). ISO Probably the largest standard organization in the world, In the world of networking, ISO is best known for its OSI Reference Model. It divides the data into seven abstract classes and normalizes protocols into appropriate network functional groups to ensure interoperability in the communications system. OSI is seen as a way to connect between a network and end user. There are seven classes. Each layer in this model is designed to perform a specific task and make communication between the upper and lower layers more convenient. Besides, TCP/IP model is developed based on the points toward the internet model. The TCP / IP has four tiered TCP / IP layers combining the session layer and the presentation layer. In the application layer, TCP / IP only supports out-of-network communication from the network layer.
2.1.1 OSI reference model.
The OSI reference model is developed in a seven-layer model. These include the Physical Layer, the Data Link Layer, the Network Layer, the Transport Layer, the Presentation Layer. and finally the Application Layer.
- Physical layer is the lowest layer in the axial model. This layer involves the transmission of raw data through a physical medium. Two communication devices are linked through a physical medium involving the transmission of data in the form of electrical, optical or electromagnetic signals. The unit of transmission of information in the Physics class is bit.
- Data Link layer allows two servers to be physically connected through the physical layer to exchange information. It handles data transfer between two or more nodes on physical media including error correction, flow control, and frame synchronization.
- Network layer, in this layer, data is transferred between the source and destination nodes on the same network. The Network layer allows servers to directly exchange information between servers not attached to the same physical media through an IP address or Internet protocol.
- Transport layer ensures the reliable delivery of data generated by error control, flow control, service quality and segmentation. 4
- Session class is responsible for controlling the connections, the session layer that contains the transports and the mechanisms needed to organize and synchronize the conversation, and the exchange of data in the presentation layer.
- Presentation layer formats and encrypts data sent over the network, allowing for independence from compatibility issues. It performs data encryption, decryption, compression, conversion to display to the application layer. formats and encrypts data sent over the network, allowing for the ability to be independent of compatibility issues.
- The application layer allows the user to interact with and use software applications to access network functions. Application layer only provides the framework that the application runs on. (Olivier, 2016) Figure 5 OSI Model and TCP/IP Model (Lammle, T. (2016). CCNA).
2.1.2 The TCP/IP reference model.
TCP/IP is a communication protocol that allows the server to connect to the internet for use. TCP/IP is considered a Transmission Control Protocol widely used on the internet. TCP / IP is considered to be a more reliable choice than the OSI model. When it comes to communication, TCP / IP only supports non-connected communications emanating from the network layer. TCP/IP model has 4 floors including: Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, Network Interface layer. Besides, the internet layer is equivalent to the network layer of the reference model Network Interface layer combines the functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of the reference model. Figure 6 TCP/IP. 5
3.Impact of network topology.
3.1 Network Topology.
Rendell (2013) conducted research into the effect of that network topology is the arrangement of a network consisting of nodes and their links. Network topology is divided into two types, the logical topological structure with the way data is transferred from one device to the next such as: Ethernet, token ring and physical topologies refer to the physical layout. The geometry of the network. such as: Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, Tree topologies…and the assignment will introduce the most dominant network topology. (Rendell, 2013).
3.2 Type of Topology.
WordPress (2016) state that depending on the needs of use, users can use different network topology (WordPress, 2016) Figure 7 Type of Topology (vidyagyaan).
3.2.1 Bus Topology
Rendell state the bus topology, each workstation is connected to a main cable called a bus. So each workstation is connected directly to every other workstation on the network. Bus topology is that it works well when a small network is a simple connection type, requiring less cable length to make it more cost effective, but it is also disadvantageous to have problems with the network. If the whole network is broken, if the main cable is damaged, then the whole network will be delayed. Not suitable for large networks. (Rendell, 2013). This is image of Bus topology 7
.
3.2.2 Star Topology
Figure 8 Bus Topology (ianswer4u). Rendell state the star network topology is one of the most popular computer network topologies. In the star network topology, there is a central computer or server where all the workstations are connected directly. The hosts communicate with each other through the server. This causes the connection of the host to not be lost if other host is lost, can add or delete the device without affecting the local area network. It has the downside of being expensive to install and only one hub for network communication. (Rendell, 2013). This is image about Star topology.
3.2.3 Ring Topology
Figure 9 Star Topology (fossbytes). Mitchell state that in a ring network topology, each host is concatenated exactly with two different host. host are connected in a closed loop configuration, Other host are indirectly connected, data Go through one or more intermediate host. The ring network allows all devices to have access to the token and the link, which performs better than the bus link, allowing users to use under heavy network loads. If a server in a ring topology fails, it can cause delays to all other machines. (Mitchell, 2018). This image about Ring Topology. 8
Figure 12 Token Topology (smartcse).
4. Communication and Bandwidth Requirements.
4.1 Communication
Data communication is the process of transmitting data between two or more computers or transmitting data from one place to another and vice versa based on the communication between nodes that can transmit to communicate with each other, such as copper wire or wireless signal. Figure 13 Process communicate between 2 devices (tutor). Communication Chanel is path that transmits the signal. It functions as path information that moves from one computer to another. is the device to the computers in a network connected with each other. Signals are transmitted through transmission media such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, terrestrial stations or wireless transmission media such as. Microwaves, Bluetooth , wireless application protocol. Communication is used for equipment and software such as; electronic mail (E-mail), voice mail, smart phone.... DSL is a technology that uses methods for signaling purposes. DSL focuses on the transmission technology on the telephone line so DSL is applied to the transmission between the customer and the provider. ADSL provides a method of transmitting data with high-speed broadband, for the purpose of good bandwidth utilization. ADSL is a technology that transmits data over copper wires with 10
10MHz bandwidth so it can be used to access high quality websites ... and when using ADSL it is possible to manipulate multiple jobs with one at time. (Moussavi, 2012).
4.1 Bandwidth Requirements
Rouse (2018) state that bandwidth is the amount of wired or wireless network bandwidth used to transmit data from point to point. Bandwidth plays a very important role for internet users, it determines the connection speed and internet experience. The more data that a broadband connection has, the more data that can be sent and received at the same time. The maximum capacity of a network connection is just one factor that affects network performance. Terminal topology usually consists of multiple network links, each with different bandwidths. There are 3 types of bandwidth that first one uses as much space as it will pay as much money. The second type of bandwidth is shared bandwidth used for many machines which usually causes full bandwidth condition. And the last type is the bandwidth of the individual without share bandwidth condition. Computers can interact with each other by using the bandwidth flow. so users should choose their own type of bandwidth. The bandwidth used to describe the network speed, for example: a bandwidth of 1,000 Mbps. Internet connection via cable modem can provide 25 Mbps bandwidth. (Rouse, 2018).
4.2 Throughput
Figure 14 Bandwidth. Throughput is the amount of information that is transmitted over the network in a unit of time to evaluate the productivity of computer processors, memory or network communications. While the bandwidth is the maximum bandwidth or capacity of a network, the throughput is the amount of data sent over a connection, in a unit of time so It is an index to evaluate fast or slow of network.
5. Networking Devices and Sever Type.
Shekhar (2016) state devices carry different roles, operate in segments and perform different parts of the computer, and each device carries different strengths and weaknesses to support the 11
5.1.2 Router
A router is a device for sharing the Internet to many other devices in the same network layer. A router is a computer network device used to transfer packets over a network. A typical router is a wireless router that broadcasts Wi-Fi (some are called access points or APs), the router receives Internet data from a modem and each router will has a unique public IP address on the Internet. Routers are used to connect different network segments or connect different network protocols such as IP and IPX orconnect two different network architectures such as token ring And Ethernet. (Shekhar, 2016)
5.1.3 Switch
Figure 17 Router Network (tp-link) Switch is a multi-port bridge with a buffer and a design that can increase its efficiency. Switch is a data link layer device. The switch is capable of connecting multiple segments together depending on the port number. Switch can perform an error check before forwarding the data, which makes it very effective as it does not forward packets with errors and forwards the good packet selectively to port only exactly. (Shekhar, 2016). Figure 18 Switch (differencebetween) 13
5.1.4 Gateway
Gateway - The gateway, which is a segment for connecting two networks together, it has the most negative effect on network performance and it can operate on different network models. It acts as an interpreter for retrieving data from a system, analyzing data and passing data to another system. For example, the gateway can converting a packet data by the TCP / IP protocol into IPX packets or vice versa. (Shekhar, 2016).
5.2 Sever Types
5.2.1 Definition.
Figure 19 Gateway (Gateway&source) WordPress (2016) state that a server is a computer or device on a network that manages network resources. Servers will perform different tasks to serve the user that is connected to a computer or internet network, has a static IP. is the platform to use and install the software to serve other computers access. Servers are used for some purposes such as information storage. Serving for online governance agencies. for example: website, database, virtualization... (WordPress, 2016).
5.2.2 Operating principles of sever types
According to Raj (2017) there are many types of servers around the world and in this assignment will point out some of the most popular server types. a. FTP Server is responsible for transferring the files while ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the data during the transfer. Allows users to interact with files. b. Web Server is the server on which the web server software is installed, and it is responsible for storing the site files and distributing it through a web browser. It loads a single file of a web page and loads it to display in the browser as a complete page. c. Tech state DNS Server is part of the Internet Protocol suite's application Layer for domain resolution. Each device accesses the network to connected to each other by IP address. So a DNS server is done where we store IP addresses of all domains. (Tech, 2018) d. Database Server Manages the general database for the network, processes all data stores, manages the database and requests the database server data on which the system software is installed. database values. Database such as: SQL server, MySQL, Oracle ... 14