Network Principles, Protocols, and Devices: A Comprehensive Guide, Assignments of Network Design

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Assignment name: Networking Infrastructure

Student name: Tran Van Tien

Student ID: BHAF

Tutor: Le Van Thuan

Table of Contents

1.2, Explain the impact of network structure, communication and bandwidth requirements.

2.3. Discuss the interdependence of workstation hardware with related network software.

3.2, Check and evaluate the design to meet the requirements and analyze user feedback.

Introduce In this report, I will explain network principles, protocols and devices, including the benefits and limitations of network solutions, the impact of network topology, communication requirements and bandwidth, network system efficiency, operating principle of network equipment and server type and network software.

In addition, I will design network systems and deploy and diagnose networked systems.

1, Check the network rules and their protocols

1.1, Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards.

1.1.1, Discuss the benefits and constraints of different types of networks Computer networks include two or more computers that are linked to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. Computers on the network can be linked via cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites or infrared light rays.

There are two very popular networks now:

Internal network (LAN)

Wide area network (WAN)

1.1.1.1, Internal network (LAN) LANs are often used in a business to provide Internet connectivity to all those in the same space with a single Internet connection. All Internet devices are capable of being configured as nodes on a LAN and can be connected to the Internet via a separate computer. The computers in the LAN are also used to connect office workstations to grant access to the printer.

LAN network

a, Advantages

Share resources:

All resources are attached to a network and if any computer needs any resources, it can be shared with the computer needed. Types of resources are DVD drives, printers, scanners, modems and hard drives. Therefore, there is no need to purchase separate resources for each computer and it saves money.

Relationship between client and server:

All data from the attached computers can be stored in a server. If any computer (client) needs data, that computer user only needs to log in and access data from the server.

For example: Movies and songs can be stored on the server and can be accessed by any authorized user (client).

Share on the internet:

In offices and network cafes, we can see that an internet connection is shared between all computers. This is also the type of LAN technology in which the main internet cable is attached to a server and the computers are distributed by the operating system.

to put it simply, if the area of local area deployment is larger than setting up a LAN in that area, it cannot and is not feasible for the company.

Share data from outside:

Another limitation of LAN is that if a person wants to share data from outside the network, it is difficult because people cannot run mobile devices such as hard drives and CDs easily on all network computers.. Therefore, if you have done some work at home and want to bring that job to the office, you have to send that job by email and if the data is big, even the email option is not feasible and people will have problems carrying data from home to office.

Data security issues:

If the server computer is not properly set up and there is a leak of security, unauthorized users can also access the data. Therefore, a security policy and rules are set up correctly on the server.

Server problems can affect all computers: If any files on the server are corrupted or the hard drive fails, all attached computers have problems with the operation.

1.1.1.2, Wide area network (WAN) When the LAN has coverage in a very small range in just one building, the WAN can cover a large geographic area, crossing national or international borders. A WAN is made using a subscriber line provided by a service provider or by using switching network packets for data transmission.

WAN network

a, Advantages

Include a large geographic area:

WAN has a geographical area of 1000 km or more. If your office is in different cities or countries, you can connect your branch offices through WAN. ISP (Internet Service Provider) can provide you with separate links so you can connect different branch offices together.

Centralized data:

Your company does not need to purchase email, files and backup servers, all of which can be located at the headquarters. All branch offices can share data through the headquarters server. You can back up, share other useful data from headquarters and all this data is synchronized with all other office branches.

Receive files and updated data:

Software companies work on servers directly to exchange updated files. Therefore, all programmers and office staff receive updated versions of files within seconds.

Many applications for exchanging messages:

With IOT (Internet of thing) and new LAN technologies, messages are being transmitted quickly. A lot of web apps are available like Facebook messenger,

resources to repair the sea currents. In ISP headquarters, many internet connections, routers are mixed in the rooms and troubleshooting incidents on the internet requires a full-time employee.

Server issue and disconnection:

In some areas, ISPs face problems due to power supply or bad line structure. Customers often face connectivity problems or slow Internet speed problems. The solution to this problem is to buy a dedicated line from ISP.

• Internet network or Computer network is a special case of WAN, it provides global services such as Mail, Web, Chat ... Free internet for everyone.

Internet

Other types of networks include:

▪ Urban area network (MAN)

▪ Wireless LAN (WLAN)

▪ Storage area network (SAN)

1.1.2, Discuss various network standards. 1.1.2.1, OSI Model Open System Interconnection - OSI model developed by International Standards Organization (ISO). Model of dividing network communication into 7 classes. Grades 1-4 are common low-level classes that perform data migration tasks. Grades 5-7 are high-level classes that contain application-level data. The way the network operates is in a general rule, that is to transfer data. Each class will perform specific tasks and then move the data to the next layer.

OSI reference model is divided into seven classes with the following functions:

OSI model

• Application: (application): interface between application and network (Level 7)

• Presentation: (presentation): data exchange format agreement (6th floor)

• Session: (session): allows users to set up connections (5th floor)

• Transport: (transport): ensure communication between two systems. (4th floor)

• NetWork: (network): oriented data transmission in inter-network (3rd floor)

• Data Link: (data link): determines access to the device. (2nd Floor)

• Physical: (physical): convert data into bits and transmit. (1st floor)

a, Advantages

computer networks today run on it. This set of protocols is named after two protocols, the transport control protocol and the inter-network protocol. These are the first two protocols in the world to be defined.

TCP / IP model consists of 4 layers:

TCP/IP model

• Class / 4th floor: Application.

• Class / 3rd floor: Transport.

• Class / 2nd floor: Internet.

• Class / 1st floor: Network Access.

a, Advantages

This is an industry standard model that can be effectively implemented in real network problems.

It is interactive, that is, it allows cross-platform communication between heterogeneous networks.

It is an open protocol suite. It is not owned by any particular institute and can therefore be used by any individual or organization.

It is a client architecture - the server can expand. This allows networks to be added without disrupting existing services.

It assigns an IP address to each computer on the network, thus making each device identifiable over the network. It assigns each site a domain name. It provides name and address resolution service.

b, Disadvantages

It is not general in nature. Therefore, it cannot represent any protocol stack other than TCP / IP. For example, it cannot describe Bluetooth connectivity.

It does not clearly separate the concepts of services, interfaces and protocols. Therefore, it is not suitable to describe new technologies in new networks.

It does not distinguish between data link and physical layers, which have very different functions. Data link layer should be concerned with frame transmission. On the other hand, the physical layer should lie down to the physical characteristics of the transmission. An appropriate model should separate the two classes.

It was originally designed and deployed for wide area networks. It is not optimized for small networks like LAN (Local Area Network) and PAN (Personal Area Network).

1.2, Explain the impact of network structure, communication and bandwidth requirements.

1.2.1, Impact of network structure requirements Network topology refers to the physical layout or logic of the network. It defines how different nodes are placed and linked. Alternatively, the network topology may describe how data is transmitted between these nodes. There are two types of network topology: physics and logic.

• Physical Topology refers to the topology of the Local Area Network (LAN). The method used to connect physical devices on the network to cables and cables is used, all forming the physical topology.

• Logical Topology describes the communication signal performance of the network and how it exchanges distributed data. The logical topology determines how data is transmitted.

1.2.1.1, Physical Topology The network topology is a spatial geometrical structure that is in fact the element layout of the network as well as how to connect them. Common networks have three types of structures: Star Topology, Ring Topology and Linear Bus Topology.

1.2.1.1.1, Star Topology Star-shaped networks include a center and information nodes. Information nodes are terminal stations, computers and other network devices. The center of the network that coordinates all activities in the network with basic functions is:

• Identify pairs of addresses to send and receive permission to occupy information lines and communicate with each other.

BUS axis, avoid the factors causing the network stagnation. Recently, along with the development of switching hubs, this model has become increasingly popular and accounts for the majority of newly installed networks.

1.2.1.1.2, Ring Topology This form network, arranged in a circular form, is designed to be a closed loop, the signal running around in a certain direction. The buttons that communicate each other at a time are only one button. The transmitted data must be accompanied by the specific address of each receiving station.

Ring Topology

a, Positive

The ring-type network has the advantage of being able to extend far away, the total line needed is less, thus saving the cable wire, the speed is faster than the type of BUS.

b, Negative

The downside of this network is that the speed is still slow

When there is a problem on the cable road, the entire network will stop working

When there is a problem, it is difficult to check error detection. Because this network has many disadvantages, it is rarely used

1.2.1.1.3, Bus topology According to the road corridor layout as shown, the server (host) as well as all other computers (workstations) or nodes (nodes) are connected together on a main cable line to convey signal. All nodes use this same main cable. The two ends of the cable are covered by a device called a terminator. Signals and packets when moving up or down in cables carry the address of the destination.

Bus topology

a, Positive

This type of network uses the least cable, easy to install, thus saving installation costs

b, Negative

However, there are also disadvantages that there will be traffic congestion when moving data with large traffic.

unevenly distributed data.

networks have this structure. Complexity - Not complicated. - Requiring relatively complex installation.

• The complexity depends on the central device, which is generally easy. Efficiency - Very good under low load can reduce performance very quickly when loading increases.
• Effective in the case of high traffic volume and is quite stable due to the increase of delay time and degradation compared to other networks.
• Good for medium load case however size and ability, deduce the network performance depends directly on the power of the central device. Cost - Relatively low, especially because many devices have been fully developed and sold in the market. Channel redundancy is recommended to reduce the risk of network incidents.
• Must have doubled the resources or have an alternative method when a button does not work if you still want the network to operate normally, very high cost
• The total cost is very high when doing the task of the central device, the central device, although not used for other things. The number of private wires is also high.

Defect - A broken station does not affect the whole network. Except for incidents on the line.

• A faulty station can affect the whole system because the stations depend on each other. Difficult to find broken network button.
  • The reliability of the system depends on the central device, the network only fails when the central device fails.

Ability of extension

• Adding and reshaping this network is easy. However, it is difficult to connect between different computers and devices because they must be able to receive the same address and data.
  • Relatively easy to add and subtract workstations without connecting much for each change Cost for change is relatively low.
    • Network expansion is quite easy depending on the capacity of the central device.

1.3.2, How protocols allow the efficiency of networked systems.

1.3.2.1, TCP TCP is the most commonly used protocol on the Internet. When you request a web page in the browser, the computer sends TCP packets to the web server's address, asking it to resend the site. The web server responded by sending a stream of TCP packets, which your web browser combined to form the web page. When you click on a link, log in, post a comment or do anything else, your web browser sends TCP packets to the server and the server sends the packets back to TCP.

The TCP protocol is highly reliable, packets sent by TCP will be monitored so that data will not be lost or damaged during transport. That is why the download file is not corrupted even if the network has a problem. Of course, if the recipient is completely offline, your computer will give up and you will see a write error message that it cannot communicate with the remote host.

The TCP protocol achieves this in two ways. First, it requests packets by numbering them. Second, it checks for errors by asking the recipient to send feedback received to the sender. If the sender does not receive the correct response, it can resend the packet to ensure the recipient receives them correctly.

Process Explorer and other system utilities can display the connection type that the process creates. Here we can see the Chrome browser with TCP connections open to many different web servers: