ASSIGNMENT WEBSITE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT, Schemes and Mind Maps of Information Technology

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ASSIGNMENT WEBSITE DESIGN AND

DEVELOPMENT

Student: Le Quoc Huy

ID: GCS

Class: GCS1003a

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Le Quoc Huy Student ID GCS Class GCS1003A Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 D

Assignment Brief 1 (RQF) Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing Student Name/ID Number: Unit Number and Title: Unit 10: Website Design & Development Academic Year: 2021 – 2022 Unit Assessor: Hoang Nhu Vinh Assignment Title: Web Technologies Issue Date: 01 April 2021 Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format:

Format: The submission is in the form of two documents/files ● A ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentation which can be shared with your colleagues for feedback. The presentation can include links to performance data with additional speaker notes and a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. The presentation slides for the findings should be submitted with speaker notes as one copy. ● An extended guidebook or detailed report that provides more thorough, evaluated or critically reviewed technical information on all of the topics covered in the presentation. Submission ● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor. ● The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/. ● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS. Note: ● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student. ● If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. ● Make sure that you understand and follow the guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Failure to comply this requirement will result in a failed assignment. Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites. LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites. Assignment Brief and Guidance:

LO2 P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and backend website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation and application layers. P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI). M3 Evaluate a range of tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom built website.

I. SERVER TECHNOLOGIES AND WEBSITE MANAGEMENT SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH HOSTING

Introduction

A visual concept is the first step in the web design process, which you can create by hand or with a program like Photoshop. The website is then built using HTML and CSS. The scripts used to create web pages are HTML and CSS. Your page's "bones" and basic structure are handled by HTML, while its style and look are handled by CSS. In the creation and upkeep of websites, web design involves a wide range of abilities and disciplines. Web graphic design, interface design, writing, including the use of proprietary software and standardized code, user experience design, and search engine optimization are some of the different facets of web design. Many people work in teams to cover various areas of the design process, though some designers handle every step. The word "web design" is typically used to refer to the design process involved in creating a website's front-end (client side) design, which includes authoring markup. Within the larger context of web development, web design and web engineering partially overlap. Within the larger context of web development, web design and web engineering partially overlap.Online designers are expected to understand usability, and if part of their job involves writing markup, they are also expected to be knowledgeable about web accessibility standards. In this paper, website principles such static and dynamic websites, protocols, web programming languages, and tool support are presented. This can reveal the components needed to build a website and how it can function. Some examples are displayed on the Linux operating system Ubuntu, thus they will differ slightly from those displayed on Windows.

I. SERVER TECHNOLOGIES AND WEBSITE MANAGEMENT

SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH HOSTING AND MANAGING

WEBSITES (P1) (P2)

1. Domain name system (DNS) (P1)

1.1. Domain names:

To transform the numerical IP addresses into a short, memorable moniker, domain names were developed. On the Internet, domain names like facebook.com are considerably simpler to remember than the server's numerical IP address, which at the time of this writing is 157.240.25.35. Picture 1 : How to find IP address from a website A hierarchical and decentralized naming system for devices linked to the Internet or a private network is called the Domain Name System (DNS). The IP address that a computer uses to locate a website is mapped to the name that humans use to find a website through the domain name system. in Wikipedia As an illustration: If someone types facebook.com into a web browser, a server in the background will translate the name to the associated IP address, which looks something like 157.240.25.35.

. vn - Viet Nam . jp – Japan . kr – Korea . us - United States . uk - United Kingdom (ducanhplus, n.d.) To give a distinct name to a certain division, function, or service related to the organization, etc., domain administration may be delegated to sub-domains. For example: FPT Education's primary domain is fpt.edu.vn , and it has a number of subdomains, such ap.fpt.edu.vn , tuyendung.fpt.edu.vn , and others. 1.2. DNS types and their purposes: A crucial component of the Internet is DNS. It is able to convert all of the requests into IP addresses, allowing it to recognize various network-connected devices. (Cloudns, undated) Picture 4 : Purpose and types of DNS In the DNS system, there are three different kinds of queries:

• Recursive Query : In recursive query, a DNS client submits a hostname, and the DNS Resolver "shall" respond with either a pertinent resource record or, if one cannot be found, an error message. Starting with the DNS Root Server, the resolver launches a recursive query process until it locates the Authoritative Name Server (for more information on Authoritative Name Servers, see DNS Server Types below), which is where the IP address and other necessary details for the requested hostname are stored.
• DNS client inputs a hostname, and the DNS Resolver responds with the best response it is capable of. The DNS resolver returns the pertinent DNS entries if it has them in its cache. In the event that it does not, it directs the DNS client to the Root Server, another Authoritative Name Server that is located closest to the needed DNS zone. The DNS client must then retry the query against the original DNS server directly.
• Non-Recursive Query : An inquiry for which the DNS Resolver already has the solution is referred to as a non-recursive query. It either asks a DNS Name Server that is authoritative for the record, meaning it absolutely possesses the right IP for that hostname, or it instantly returns a DNS record since it already has it stored in local cache. Additional rounds of questions are not required (like in recursive or iterative queries). Instead, the client receives an answer right away. The most typical DNS server types that are employed to convert hostnames into IP addresses include the following:
• DNS Resolver : A DNS resolver, also known as a recursive resolver, is a computer program that is used to track the IP address associated with hostnames that are human-readable, such as "www.google.com," in DNS requests.
• DNS Root Server : From a hostname to an IP address, the root server is the first stop. The Top Level Domain (TLD) is derived from the user's query by the DNS Root Server. For example: www.google.com — and provides details for the .com TLD Name Server. In turn, that server will provide details for domains with the .com DNS zone, including “google.com”. ICANN, Verisign, the Internet Systems Consortium, the University of Maryland, and the U.S. Army Research Lab are just a few of the institutions that run the 13 root servers, denoted by the letters A through M, that are located all over the world.
• Authoritative DNS Server : In the DNS hierarchy, higher level servers determine which DNS server is the "authoritative" name server for a given hostname, i.e., the one that has the most recent information on that hostname. The Authoritative Name Server is the final stop in the name server inquiry; it accepts the hostname and provides the DNS Resolver with the proper IP address (or, if it is unable to locate the domain, the message NXDOMAIN). (ns1, n.d.) Each DNS server has a database with a list of domain names and their matching IP addresses, as well as a cache that keeps track of all previous requests.

Table 1: The most common DNS record types

2. The purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server

hardware, operating systems and websites server software. (P2)

2.1. Communication protocols A communication protocol in telecommunications is a set of guidelines that let two or more entities in a communications system to communicate data using any variation in a physical quantity. The protocol specifies the guidelines, syntax, semantics, synchronization, and potential mechanisms for error correction. Hardware, software, or a combination of both can implement protocols. in Wikipedia Figure 1: The TCP/IP model or Internet layering scheme and its relation to some common protocols

• Data transmission across the internet is governed by the TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol communication protocols. Based on their IP addresses, client devices are connected to the server with the aid of TCP.
• Domain Name System (DNS) converts website domain names into numerical IP addresses for servers.
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol that establishes a communication language between client devices and servers.

2.2. Website server All servers, including web servers, are top-of-the-line machines with lots of processing power and storage space. Modern Web servers use multithreaded server technology, allowing them to handle several requests concurrently. 2.3. Operating system (OS) An operating system (OS) is a group of programs that controls computer hardware resources and offers shared services for software applications. Operating systems are typically needed for application programs like web browsers to function. Windows and Linux/Unix are the two types of operating systems most frequently used for web servers. Each of them has some significant distinctions, but they all aim to provide a reliable server where the data resources can be effectively secured and controlled. The web server software was implemented on the web server OS. 2.4. Web server software A web server has a number of components, including at the very least an HTTP server, that regulate how web users access hosted content. A piece of software that comprehends URLs and HTTP is called an HTTP server. It can be used to access the websites where it is stored and sends their content to the end user's device through those websites' domain names. Frequently, the phrase "web server" only refers to the machine's HTTP server software, which powers websites. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, which is implemented by HTTP server software like Microsoft's IIS and the free and open-source Apache server. HTTP server software accepts requests from users' browsers and answers by delivering back HTML files and documents (Web pages). Additionally, it runs server-based scripts (CGI scripts, JSPs, ASPs, etc.) that handle tasks like database searches and credit card authorization. also Apache and IIS. 2.5. How the website works? Typically, a website consists of a number of web pages, photos, and other components that are linked to create a bigger, more organized document. Consider a website as a book, with each page representing a web page. Client computers must have an internet connection and a web browser program installed on their operating systems in order to connect to the Web server.

Figure 3 : How server and client works Figure 4: Example Website’s URL Each website’s pages are assigned a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) which mainly consist of 3 parts: the communication protocol (or scheme), the domain name of the machine on which the page is located, and the path uniquely indicating the specific page: Example: https:// is a protocol, www.facebook.com is a domain name, /quochuy.huy2 is a path. When a user enters a URL into the browser, the browser first detects the URL and then queries DNS for the website's server's numeric IP address. The browser establishes a TCP connection to the server after finding the address and then sends a communication request, such as an HTTP request, requesting for the page. On the server side, after accepted the TCP connection from a client’s browser and received the client’s request, the web server implements its software to indicate the file or resources (from disk) and send the contents of the file back to the client. HTM Language is frequently used to write web pages (HTML) The browser will display the file after receiving it.

3. The impact of common websites development technologies and frameworks. (M1)