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Augmented Reality

David Johnson

What Is Augmented Reality (AR)?

• (^) A combination of
  • a real scene viewed by a user and
  • (^) a virtual scene generated by a computer that augments the scene with additional information.
  • (^) ARToolkit demo movie
  • (^) T-immersion 2004 video

Milgram’s Reality-Virtuality

Continuum

Mixed Reality (MR) Real Environme nt Virtual Environme nt Augmented Reality (AR) Augmented Virtuality (AV) Milgram coined the term “Augmented Virtuality” to identify systems which are mostly synthetic with some real world imagery added such as texture mapping video onto virtual objects.

Combining the Real and Virtual

Worlds

We need:

• (^) Precise models
• (^) Locations and optical properties of the

viewer (or camera) and the display

• (^) Calibration of all devices
• (^) To combine all local coordinate systems

centered on the devices and the objects in

the scene in a global coordinate system

Realistic Merging

Requires:

• (^) Objects to behave in physically plausible manners when manipulated
• (^) Occlusion
• (^) Collision detection
• (^) Shadows

Research Activities

• (^) Develop methods to register the two

distinct sets (real, virtual) of images and

keep them registered in real-time

• (^) This often reduces to finding the position of a camera relative to some fiducial markers
• (^) Develop new display technologies for

merging the two images

Failures in Registration

Failures in registration due to:

• (^) Noise
  • (^) Position and pose of camera with respect to the real scene
• (^) Image distortions
• (^) Time delays
  • (^) In calculating the camera position

Display Technologies

• (^) Monitor Based
  • (^) Laptops
  • (^) Cell phones
  • (^) Projectors (more Ubiquitous Computing)
• (^) Head Mounted Displays:
  • (^) Video see-through
  • (^) Optical see-through

Monitor Based AR

• (^) Successful commercialization
  • (^) Yellow line in football broadcasts
  • (^) Glowing hockey puck
  • (^) Replace times square billboards with own commercials during New Year’s Eve broadcasts
  • (^) Baseball cards
  • (^) Ad campaigns

Optical see-through HMD

Advantages of

Video see-through HMD

• (^) Flexibility in composition strategies
• (^) Real and virtual view delays can be

matched

Advantages of

Optical see-through HMD

• (^) Simplicity
• (^) Resolution
• (^) No eye offset

Early Application

• (^) KARMA (91)
  • (^) Feiner
• (^) Optical see-through HMD
• (^) Knowledge-based assistant for maintenance
• (^) Ultrasound trackers attached to assembly parts

Early Application

• (^) Later – “architectural anatomy” - movie
• (^) Tourguide - movie