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Bacterial Cell Structures and Functions, Exams of Nursing

Walden UniversityNursing

A comprehensive overview of the various cell structures and functions found in bacteria and other prokaryotic organisms. It covers topics such as bacterial cell walls, membranes, flagella, fimbriae, pili, and other specialized structures. The document also discusses the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cell components, as well as the role of these structures in processes like biofilm formation, motility, and pathogenesis. The detailed information presented in this document could be useful for students studying microbiology, cell biology, or related fields, as it covers fundamental concepts and principles that are essential for understanding the biology of prokaryotic cells.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 10/01/2024

lynette-kinyua
lynette-kinyua 🇺🇸

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Microbiology with Diseases by Body System Chapter 3
Edition, Bauman | Complete Guide Summarize with AI
Sum
Is a basal body part of a bacterial flagella? - ANSWER>>>no
T or F Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism. - ANSWER>>>False
Bacterial pili can be described as - ANSWER>>>specialized fimbriae
Which bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms? - ANSWER>>>finbriae
and glycocalyces
Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called - ANSWER>>>cilia
A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of - ANSWER>>>positive phototaxis
Are prokaryotic flagella composed of tubulin - ANSWER>>>no
Are pili longer than fimbriae and flagella? - ANSWER>>>no
Are tubulin part of bacterial cell walls? - ANSWER>>>no
Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain - ANSWER>>>waxes
Lipid A is also known as - ANSWER>>>endotoxin
Bacteria of the genus mycoplasma are distinguished from other bacterial cells by - ANSWER>>>the
absence of a cell wall
Lipid soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following
processes? - ANSWER>>>diffusion
ATP is expended in which of the following processes? - ANSWER>>>active transport and group
translocation
Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of - ANSWER>>>dipicolinic acid
Is hami unique to archaea? - ANSWER>>>yes
Does the glycocalux of a eukaryotic cell perform transfer of genetic material between cells? -
ANSWER>>>no
When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they lose water and shrivel. This is called -
ANSWER>>>crenation
Does endocytosis produce a structure called a food vesicle? - ANSWER>>>yes
One lipid found in eukaryotes not found in prokaryotes is - ANSWER>>>steroid
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Microbiology with Diseases by Body System Chapter 3

Edition, Bauman | Complete Guide Summarize with AI

Sum

Is a basal body part of a bacterial flagella? - ANSWER>>>no T or F Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism. - ANSWER>>>False Bacterial pili can be described as - ANSWER>>>specialized fimbriae Which bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms? - ANSWER>>>finbriae and glycocalyces Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called - ANSWER>>>cilia A bacterial cell moving toward light would be an example of - ANSWER>>>positive phototaxis Are prokaryotic flagella composed of tubulin - ANSWER>>>no Are pili longer than fimbriae and flagella? - ANSWER>>>no Are tubulin part of bacterial cell walls? - ANSWER>>>no Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain - ANSWER>>>waxes Lipid A is also known as - ANSWER>>>endotoxin Bacteria of the genus mycoplasma are distinguished from other bacterial cells by - ANSWER>>>the absence of a cell wall Lipid soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes? - ANSWER>>>diffusion ATP is expended in which of the following processes? - ANSWER>>>active transport and group translocation Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of - ANSWER>>>dipicolinic acid Is hami unique to archaea? - ANSWER>>>yes Does the glycocalux of a eukaryotic cell perform transfer of genetic material between cells? - ANSWER>>>no When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they lose water and shrivel. This is called - ANSWER>>>crenation Does endocytosis produce a structure called a food vesicle? - ANSWER>>>yes One lipid found in eukaryotes not found in prokaryotes is - ANSWER>>>steroid

T or F Centrioles are found in all organisms except prokaryotes. - ANSWER>>>False Endoplasmic reticulum is classified as a membranous organelle of eukaryotic cells. T or F - ANSWER>>>True Are cristae associated with the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER>>>no The endoplasmic reticulum is a transport system within the cytoplasm. T or F - ANSWER>>>True Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER>>>mitochondrion Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that they have - ANSWER>>>light harvesting pigments Were eukaryotes formed from the union of small anaerobic cells by larger aerobic cells? - ANSWER>>>no Does the eukaryotic cytoskeleton package cellular secretions? - ANSWER>>>no The accumulation of glucose 6 phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of - ANSWER>>>group translocation Do facilitated diffusion and active transport require a carrier protein? - ANSWER>>>yes Which chemical substance contributes to the unique characteristics of acid fast bacteria? - ANSWER>>>mycolic acid The cytoplasmic membranes of ____ contain phospholipids and proteins - ANSWER>>>bacterial and eukaryotic cells Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of - ANSWER>>>eukaryotes Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by - ANSWER>>>eukaryotes Some ____ use group translocation as a means of transport - ANSWER>>>bacteria Hopanoids are found in _______ cytoplasmic membranes - ANSWER>>>bacterial The cell walls of ________ contain peptidoglycan - ANSWER>>>bacteria Cytoplasmic membranes of _____ are composed of phospholipids - ANSWER>>>bacteria and eukaryotes Some members of _____________ have hami - ANSWER>>>archaea ________ may have pili - ANSWER>>>bacteria Which prokaryotic cells have an outer membrane? - ANSWER>>>gram negative bacteria Cytoplasmic membranes of ______ contain lipids - ANSWER>>>all prokaryotes Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbs - ANSWER>>>true Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis. - ANSWER>>>false Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete. - ANSWER>>>true

acid tails, inside membrane, does not like water - ANSWER>>>hydrophobic collage of different proteins and lipids - ANSWER>>>Mosaic Lipids and proteins drift in plane of membrane - ANSWER>>>Fluid Proteins "Float" in a 2 dimensional sheet of lipids - ANSWER>>>Model controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell, functions in energy production, harvests light energy in photosynthetic prokaryotes - ANSWER>>>Cytoplasmic Membrane Diffusion, Active transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis - ANSWER>>>Membrane crossing mechanisms means the number of molecules or ions in one region is different than the number in another region. In the absence of other forces, molecules move from more to less concentration. "Down" gradient - ANSWER>>>Concentration gradient diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion - ANSWER>>>What are the 3 types of passive transport? movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until dynamic equilibrium is reached - ANSWER>>>Diffusion movement of water across a semi permeable membrane in response to solute concentration gradients - ANSWER>>>Osmosis water tends to move where solute concentrations are greatest - ANSWER>>>Tonicity isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic - ANSWER>>>3 types of solutions solute concentrations are equal - ANSWER>>>isotonic less solute concentration - ANSWER>>>hypotonic more solute concentration - ANSWER>>>hypertonic certain things can pass - ANSWER>>>selective permeablilty Doesn't require energy, movement is down concentration gradient - ANSWER>>>Passive transport requires ATP, pumps solute against its concentration gradient - ANSWER>>>Active transport uniport, antiport, symport - ANSWER>>>3 types of Active transport moves one substance in one direction - ANSWER>>>uniport moves two substances in opposite directions - ANSWER>>>antiport two substances move together in the same direction - ANSWER>>>symport occurs only in prokaryotes, transported substance is chemically modified during transport, membrane is impermeable to the altered substance - ANSWER>>>Group translocation Semi liquid gelatinous elastic material, cytosol, nonmembranous organelles - ANSWER>>>cytoplasm of prokaryotes

resting structures, defensive strategy when stressed, extremely resistant to drying, heat, radiation. Viable for ten to thousands of years - ANSWER>>>Endospores A gelatinous, sticky substance that surrounds the outside cell. - ANSWER>>>glyocalyces firmly attached, protect cells from drying out, may prevent bacteria from being recognized and destroyed by host - ANSWER>>>capsule layer loosely attached, water soluble, protect cells from drying, allows cells to attach to each other and to surfaces - ANSWER>>>slime layer long whiplike structures, extend beyond surface of cell and glycocalyx, movement, flagellin protein, filament, hook, and basal body - ANSWER>>>Flagella filament inserts into hook, basal body anchors filament and hook to cell wall by rod and series of rings, filament rotates 360 - ANSWER>>>flagella structure Flagella of Spirochetes - ANSWER>>>endoflagella rotation of flagella propels bacteria. Clockwise or counter clockwise. Moves in response to stimuli (taxis)

  • ANSWER>>>function of flagella counter clockwise, positive chemotaxis/positive phototaxis - ANSWER>>>Runs clockwise, negative chemo taxis/negative phototaxis - ANSWER>>>Tumbles sticky, proteinaceous bristle like, shorter than flagella, used to adhere to one another, hosts, environment, function in biofilms - ANSWER>>>Frimbriae Conjungation or sex pili, long hollow tubules, one or two per cell, DNA transfer - ANSWER>>>Pili Polysaccharide chains, bacteria and archaea, structure and shape, protects, eluding antimicrobial drugs, animal cells do not have them - ANSWER>>>prokaryotic cell walls composed of peptidolycan, chains composed of two alternating sugars, NAG and NAM - ANSWER>>>Bacteria Cell walls thick layer of peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids - ANSWER>>>gram positive cell walls thin layer of peptidoglycan, bilayer outer membrane composed of phospholipids, channel proteins, lipopolysaccharide, Lipid A and carbs - ANSWER>>>gram negative cell walls between the outer membrane and the inner membrane - ANSWER>>>periplasmic space Thinner, lacks central channel, ATP provides energy - ANSWER>>>Archaea Flagella nonmotile, proteins, anchor cells - ANSWER>>>archaea frimbriae helical filaments, attach archaea to surfaces - ANSWER>>>archaea hami do NOT have peptidoglycan - ANSWER>>>Archael Cell walls composed of lipids but NO phospholipid membrane, control movement of substances in and out of cell - ANSWER>>>Archaea Cell Membrane