Download Biology Terms: Cytoplasmic Determinants, Mesodermal Somites, Cloning, & Development and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
cytoplasmic determinants (CDs)
act as signal molecules that can help regulate gene expressioncells can differentiate in early development TERM 2
mesodermal somites
DEFINITION 2 vertebrae are formed from _______ TERM 3
cloning
DEFINITION 3 obtaining an adult asexually from a parental somatic (body) cell TERM 4
amnion
DEFINITION 4 encloses and cushions embryo in fluid-filled sacs TERM 5
mutation
DEFINITION 5 change in genetic material of a cellsubstitution- silent, nonsenseinsertion- framshiftdeletion-frameshift
totipotency
the potential of a cell to differentiate into an entire organism b/c no genes are irreversibly turned off TERM 7
histone acetylation
DEFINITION 7 adding acetyl groups (-COCH3) to histone proteinsleaves DNA physically assesible for transcription TERM 8
cadherins
DEFINITION 8 a class of CAMs that require calciumglycoproteinshomophilic binding TERM 9
amniotes
DEFINITION 9 reptiles, birds, and mammalsembryo is protected within a fluid filled sac TERM 10
methylated DNA
DEFINITION 10 turns off or slows down the process of transcription
induction
the ability of one group of embryonic cells ("organizer" region) to influence the development of other cells via signal molecules ("inducers") that alter gene expression TERM 17
depolarization
DEFINITION 17 results in fast block of polyspermy TERM 18
thyroxin
DEFINITION 18 -only affects cells with appropriate receptors-injunction into young tadpoles induces early metamorphosis-produced in thyroid gland-can coordinate developmental changes in different tissuesNOT- acts only on cells near the site it was produced TERM 19
mesoderm
DEFINITION 19 -skeletal system (spine, ribs, limb bones)-cartilage, connective tissue-circulatory system (heart and blood vessels)-reproductive system-excretory system(kidneys)- muscles, notocord TERM 20
endoderm
DEFINITION 20 -thyroid-thymus-pancreas, liver, tonsils-lining of bladder and digestive & respiratory tracts
lip of the blastopore in a frog
primitive streak in a chick or human embryo is equal to___ TERM 22
ectodermal
DEFINITION 22 -skin epidermis-central and peripheral nervous systems- pituitary glands, subcutaneous glands, mammary glands- hair, nails, teeth TERM 23
euchromatin
DEFINITION 23 -loosely packed-actively transcribed TERM 24
heterochromatin
DEFINITION 24 -tightly packed-inactive TERM 25
cortical reaction
DEFINITION 25 -slow block
AER
sets up proximal-distal axis of limbs TERM 32
sequence of deoxyribonucleotide
bases
DEFINITION 32 The genetic information contained within a gene resides in its ______. TERM 33
polyphenism
DEFINITION 33 Laboratory tissue-culture techniques are used to make several clones from a parental carrot plant. Clones that grown in low-light conditions produce broad leaves, whereas clones that are grown in bright light produce much narrower leaves. This is an example of _____. TERM 34
polyphenism
DEFINITION 34 multiple phenotypes may arise from a single genotype depending on environmental conditions-different environmental signals can regulate the same genes differently TERM 35
gastrulation
DEFINITION 35 Differentiated cell types first appear during _______.
maternal effect genes segmentation genes
Hox genes
Which sequence correctly represents the hierarchy of developmental-gene expression? TERM 37
cadherins
DEFINITION 37 directly play a role in cell-cell recognition during embryonic development TERM 38
Hox genes
DEFINITION 38 Which type of gene is most directly responsible for the different body plans observed in different animals such as insects and crustaceans? TERM 39
Marys skin cell & Marys pancreatic
cell
DEFINITION 39 Which of the following pairs of cell types are genomically equivalent? TERM 40
Which is true of hormones such as
testosterone and thyroxin?
DEFINITION 40 ) a particular hormone can affect gene regulation in multiple types of tissues
