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Gen Bio 2 Lab #2: Kingdom Protista
Pre-Lab Vocabulary:
- Protists-
- Pseudopodia-
- Cytoplasmic streaming-
- Conjugation (Paramecium)-
- Fission (Paramecium)-
- Trichocysts-
Procedure 1: Phylum Sarcodina
Materials Microscope Prepared Slides-Mixed Protist, Amoeba, Entamoeba hystolytica, and Foraminifera Microscope Slide and cover slip Pipette Live Amoeba
Procedure 1 A: Mixed Protists - Examine the prepared slide with mixed protists. How many different kinds do you see? _____ Using the 10X or 40X objective, observe and draw at least 3 different protists and later identify them as you examine the individual protists.
________________________ __________________________ __________________________
Procedure 1 B: Prepared Amoeba Slide - Examine the prepared slide of Amoeba. Draw one. Label the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and pseudopods.
Procedure 1 C: Live Amoeba
- Try to find a live amoeba.
- Use a well-slide, withdraw a small amount of liquid/junk from the bottom of the container – DO NOT MIX UP THE SOLUTION – the amoeba are on the bottom of the container.
- Be sure to add enough fluid to fill the well, and then place a coverslip over the fluid and place the slide on your microscope.
- The amoeba look like black debris at first but if you watch them, they will begin to move. Describe how your amoeba is moving.
- Draw your Amoeba. Note: the movement of its innards is called cytoplasmic streaming.
Procedure 1 D: Entamoeba hystolytica. Examine the demo slide of Entamoeba hystolytica. This is also an amoeba but how is “he” different? Draw “Him”
Procedure 1 E : Foraminifera
Examine the prepared slide of a Paramecium. These guys have structures just under the cell membrane that they can extend – trichocysts – probably as a defense mechanism. Focus up and down with fine adjustment knob to see the trichocysts. Draw what you see.
Procedures 2C, 3, 4A and 4B: No drawing just observation followed by questions.
Procedure 2 C: Paramecium-Live Prepare a slide of live Paramecium, with DETAIN. Add a small drop of India ink to determine how they move. What structures do they use to move and get food?
Procedure 3: Phylum Zoomastigina-Flagellates Examine the blood smear slide. The small pale pink cells are RBCs and the bright red cells are WBCs. Look for the long slender parasite, Trypanosoma gambiense. What illness does this parasite cause? What is a parasite?
Procedure 4 A: Phylum Sporozoa Apicomplexa: Here is another parasite that infects human blood cells. Examine the blood smear slide to find a Plasmodium. They sometimes appear as rings or distortions in the blood cells. What disease do they cause?
Procedure 4 B: Phylum Sporozoa One of the vectors of Plasmodium is Anopheles. Examine the slide – what is Anopheles?
Procedure 5: Phylum Pyrrophyta
Another bad boy – Peridinum, is a dinoflagellate. Occasionally they multiply very fast and cause “red tides” that kill fish and can infect humans. Examine the prepared slide and draw a few.
Procedure 6: Phylum Chrysophyta Examine the Diatom Strew. These are the glassy tests of the organisms. Deposits of the tests are mined as diatomaceous earth used in paint and cosmetics. It can also be used around plants to kill slugs – it scratches their bellies. Draw a few.
Procedure 7: Phylum Euglenophyta Make a wet mount of a Euglena. Draw what you see.
Procedure 8 A: Phylum Chlorophyta
Questions to e x p a n d your mind.
- List and explain 3 beneficial uses for or environmental results from protists.
- List and explain 3 harmful or detrimental outcomes because of protists?
- Describe 4 evolutionary advantages that protists have compared to bacteria. Why do you suppose these changes occurred?
