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BIO1004S (Biodiversity & Evolution)
UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN
CLASS TEST 1 ( 22
nd
August 2014 )
TIME: 60 MINUTES TOTAL MARKS: 50
This test paper has two sections. Answer both sections.
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
- Fill in your name, student number and answers on the MCQ Answer Sheet
supplied.
- ONLY use an HB pencil for filling in the multiple choice answer sheet.
- Use a soft eraser to carefully rub out incorrect answers.
- Provide the most correct answer to each question.
- Negative marking does not apply to this section and unanswered questions are
not penalized.
- Enclose the MCQ answer sheet in the answer book before handing in.
- What natural resources do humans receive from ecosystems?
A) Nylon and fiberglass
B) Plastics and glass
C) Water, food, fuel and oxygen
D) Rayon and polyester
E) Polystyrene and synthetic cloth for making tents
- Which of the following is considered as the correct scientific binomial name of
maize?
A) Zea mays
B) Mielies
C) Corn
D) Zea maize
E) Popcorn
- Which of the following best describes the meaning of “biodiversity”?
A) The number of plants species in the world
B) The number of animal species in the world
C) The number of fungal species in the world
D) The variability among living organisms ... within species, between species and
of ecosystems
E) The different human populations on Earth
- Which of the following is explained by evolution?
A) How biodiversity arose
B) Adaptation to the environment
C) Survival of the fittest
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
- What natural resource do we receive from outside the biosphere?
A) Water
B) Fuel
C) Food
D) Sunlight
E) None of the above
- Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act
upon that population?
A) Genetic variation among individuals
B) Variation among individuals caused by environmental factors
C) Sexual reproduction
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C
- What is generally true of two very closely related species that have diverged from
each other quite recently?
A) They shared a common ancestor recently in evolutionary time
B) Genes are unable to pass from one species' gene pool to the other's gene pool
C) They are unable to produce hybrid offspring upon interbreeding
D) Their reproductive isolation from each other is complete
E) None of the above
- Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain
many of the same bones, these bones having developed from very similar
embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret these similarities?
A) By identifying the bones as being homologous
B) By the principle of convergent evolution
C) By proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common ancestor
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C
- Which statement best describes the evolution of pesticide resistance in a
population of insects?
A) Individual members of the population slowly adapt to the presence of the
chemical by striving to meet the new challenge.
B) All insects exposed to the insecticide begin to use a formerly silent gene to
make a new enzyme that breaks down the insecticide molecules.
C) Insects observe the behaviour of other insects that survive pesticide application,
and adjust their own behaviours to copy those of the survivors.
D) Offspring of insects that are genetically resistant to the pesticide become more
abundant as the susceptible insects die off.
E) Insects survive because they hide from the pesticide.
- Which of Darwin's ideas had the strongest connection to Darwin having read
Malthus's essay on human population growth?
A) Descent with modification
B) Variation among individuals in a population
E) Sexual selection
- Members of which kingdom have cell walls and are all heterotrophic?
A) Plantae
B) Fungi
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Monera
- Which of the following use light energy to synthesize organic compounds from
CO
A) Photoautotrophs
B) Photoheterotrophs
C) Chemoautotrophs
D) Chemoheterotrophs that perform decomposition
E) Parasitic chemoheterotrophs
- The strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles is the
similarity between extant prokaryotes and which of the following?
A) Nuclei and chloroplasts
B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts
C) Cilia and mitochondria
D) Mitochondria and nuclei
E) Mitochondria and cilia
- ) On a field trip, a student in a marine biology class collects an organism that has
differentiated organs, cell walls of cellulose, and chloroplasts with chlorophyll a.
Based on this description, the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green
alga, a charophyte recently washed into the ocean from a freshwater or brackish
water source, or a land plant washed into the ocean. The presence of which of the
following features would definitively identify this organism as a land plant?
A) Alternation of generations
B) Sporopollenin
C) Rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes
D) Flagellated sperm
E) Embryos
- A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing
its anatomy and life cycle, the following characteristics are noted: flagellated
sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations
with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely
related to:
A) Mosses
B) Charophytes
C) Ferns
D) Gymnosperms
E) Flowering plants
SECTION B: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 marks)
- Answer ALL three questions in the answer book provided.
- Use a pen for answering, not a pencil.
- On the cover, fill in your name & surname, student number, and indicate
whether English is your “home language” or an “other language”.
- Composition (structure & organization) of the answers are important.
Think/plan before you write. Write in complete sentences.
- Caution: illegible or untidy work may be ignored.
- At the end of the test, write down on the cover the question number that
you have answered in that answer book, and indicate whether you are
submitting multiple books.
Question 1 (10 marks)
Explain why the fruit fly's maternal effect genes are important in the early stages of
embryonic development?
Question 2 (10 marks)
The beaks of finches on Galapagos islands appear to be related to prevailing weather
patterns. Explain why after a period of drought, finches with larger beaks would be
common.
Question 3 (10 marks)
Outline the evolutionary steps leading to terrestrial vascular plants from prokaryotic
ancestor. At each major step, highlight adaptations to the prevailing environment.
