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DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SEPTEMBER 2017
CLASS TEST 1 TIME: 50 minutes BIO1004S (BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY) TOTAL MARKS: 40 This test paper has two sections. Answer both sections. SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 MARKS) ๏ท ONLY use an HB pencil for filling in the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet. ๏ท Fill in your name and student number on the MCQ Answer Sheet supplied. ๏ท Provide the most correct answer to each question. ๏ท Negative marking does not apply to this section and unanswered questions are not penalized. ๏ท Use a soft eraser to carefully rub out incorrect answers. ๏ท Enclose the MCQ Answer Sheet in the Answer Book before handing in. QUESTION 1 Which of the following is a morphological feature that is unique to the cnidarians? A) Shell B) Hydrostatic skeleton C) Chloroplasts D) Nematocysts E) Backbone QUESTION 2 The possession of two pairs of antennae is a characteristic of A) Crustaceans B) Insects C) Centipedes D) Millipedes E) Spiders QUESTION 3 Of the annelid classes below, which have externally segmented bodies? A) Oligochaeta B) Polychaeta C) Hirudinea (leeches) D) All three of these E) Two of these
QUESTION 4
Which of the following statements about tapeworm feeding methods is correct? A) They absorb nutrients across their body walls B) They use degenerate mouths to ingest some of their food C) As adults, they live and feed in the host's bloodstream D) They are autotrophic E) They have complete digestive tracts QUESTION 5 Which structures in a sponge are primarily responsible for structural support? A) Spicules B) Mesoglea cells C) Pore cells D) Epidermal cells E) All of the above QUESTION 6 Jellyfish are radially symmetrical animals with two embryonic tissue layers. Which phylum do they belong to? A) Porifera B) Cnidaria C) Platyhelminthes D) Nematoda E) Echinodermata QUESTION 7 Some lophotrochozoans are characterized by A) Protostomal development B) Lophophore C) Trochophore larvae D) Bilateral symmetry E) All of the above QUESTION 8 Flatworms have protonephridia, which are A) Ganglia B) Flame cells that help pull fluid through branched ducts to the outside C) Eye spots D) Used for detecting smell E) A larval form of flatworm QUESTION 9 The success of arthropods is largely attributed to A) Body segmentation B) Flight C) Jointed appendages D) Hard exoskeleton
D) A and B only E) A, B and C QUESTION 16 Beginning with the germination of a moss spore, what is the developmental sequence of the following structures: 1=embryo, 2=gametes, 3=sporophyte, 4=protonema, 5=gametophore? A) 4โ1โ3โ5โ B) 4โ3โ5โ2โ C) 4โ5โ2โ1โ D) 3โ4โ5โ2โ E) 3โ1โ4โ5โ QUESTION 17 You collect a specimen that has flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, sporophytic dominance and no seeds. This plant could be a A) Charophyte B) Moss C) Fern D) Gymnosperm E) Angiosperm QUESTION 18 In the figure below, which number represents a spore? A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7 E) 11
QUESTION 19
In the figure below, the open bar maps to the evolution of A) Sporophytic dominance B) The stele C) Free-living sporophyte D) A and C E) A, B and C QUESTION 20 Which of the following does NOT accurately depict phylogenetic relationships among the lineages represented? Ch ar op hy te s M os se s Fe rn s Eu di co ts M on oc ot s Br yo ph yt es Ly co ph yt es Pi nu s Eu di co ts M on oc ot s Br yo ph yt es Fe rn s An gi os pe rm s Pi nu s W id dr in gt on ia Se la gi ne lla Fe rn s G ra ss es Eu di co ts G ym no sp er m s
A) B)
C) D)
MODEL ANSWERS
Tony Describe the structure and evolutionary derivation of the angiosperm ovary and outline its functional significance. The angiosperm ovary is constructed of carpels, these being megasporophylls which have fused along their distal margins to enclose the ovules. Where an ovary is composed of multiple carpels, these fuse to each other to produce an ovary with one or more locules. The ovary is distally extended into a style which is terminated by the stigma. The evolution of the ovary is significant from many perspectives: (i) the stigma provides a focal point for the receipt of pollen; (ii) enclosure of the ovules ensures that both the ovules and the fertilization process are protection from herbivores and desiccation; and (iii) following fertilization, the ovary wall develops into a fruit which assists in seed dispersal. Cecile How are nematodes, oligochaetes and echinoderms able to move considering the morphological differences between them? All have hydrostatic skeletons - Nematodes: Relatively rigid cuticle works with the muscles to create a hydroskeleton as nematodes lack circumferential muscles. Their thrashing motion is due to contraction of longitudinal muscles. Oligochaetes: Well-developed, segmentally arranged muscles used for crawling and swimming movements. Short external bristles called setae , or chaetae, composed of chitin. Setae are used to grip the soil , to hold the animal in a tube , or to increase the surface areas of appendages for swimming Echinoderms: Have a water vascular system. Radially organised Ring canal โ encircles the animals esophagus Radial canal extends into each arm Water enters through the madreporite flows into the ring canal through the stone canal (reinforced with calcium carbonate) Each radial canal extends through short side branches into the hollow tube feet At the base of each foot is a muscular sac โ the ampulla When the ampulla contracts, the fluid prevented from entering the radial canal by a one way valve is forced into the tube foot, extending it. Contraction of longitudinal muscles on the one side of the tube foot causes it to bend Relaxation of ampulla muscles and contraction of all the longitudinal muscles forces water back into the ampulla. 2. Compare the feeding mechanisms of sponges and cnidarians? Sponges lack true tissues Filter feeders โ extremely fine food particles
Body consists of two layers of cells separated by a gelatinous region call the mesohyl. Lining of internal cavity contains (spongocoel) 1) choanocytes (collar cells) These cells engulf bacteria and food particles by phagocytosis Water is drawn through the pores into a central cavity: Spongocoel Flows out of the sponge through a larger opening: Osculum Food particles removed by choanocytes Engested by phagocytosis Cnidarians capture food using nematocyst stinging cells Unique to the Cnidaria Very complex structures (compared to the rest of the animal) The cell is called a nematocyte (or cnidocyte) The stinging apparatus is called the nematocyst (or cnidocyst) various types of nematocyst:
- with barbs : penetration & attachment
- hollow : with poison
- sticky : attachment & locomotion
