CELL BIOLOGY
By Jyoti
12000566
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Understanding the Structure and Function of Cells: Nucleus, Organelles, and Membranes, Slides of Cell Biology
An in-depth exploration of cell biology, covering the fundamental structure and functions of various cell components, including the cell membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, vacuoles, and microbodies. Learn about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and the roles of each organelle in maintaining cellular processes.
Typology: Slides
2020/2021
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CELL BIOLOGY
By Jy
Cell
What is
cell?
Cell is the smallest , basic structural
and functional unit of life which is
responsible for the life processes.
They are also known as the building
blocks of life.
ere are two types of cell :-
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
They lack a well-defined
nucleus, have a nucleoid
instead.
Have a well-defined nucleus
enclosed in the nuclear
membrane.
Usually have double-
stranded, circular DNA.
Have a linear double-
stranded nucleus.
Do not have mitochondria. Mitochondria are present.
Have 70S ribosomes. Have 80S ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus and
endoplasmic reticulum also
absent.
They do have Golgi
apparatus and endoplasmic
reticulum.
Cell Wall
The outer covering of the cell membrane is known
as cell wall and it is found in plant cell.
Cell wall is made up of cellulose.
Function of cell wall
It provide structure and support to the cell.
It also protect the cell from injury.
It plays an important role in the absorption,
transport and secretion of substances in plants.
Nuclear Membrane
o
“Nuclear membrane” also called as “Nuclear
envelope”.
o
It is the double membrane which surround the
nucleus.
o It separates the contents of the nucleus from the
rest of the cell.
Function of nuclear membrane
o
The nuclear envelope is to allow separation of DNA
from cytoplasm.
o
The nuclear envelope is the regulation of contents
which moves in and out of the nucleus through the
small holes called nuclear pores.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a
continuous membrane system that forms a series of
flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
These are of two types :-
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
A sphere-shaped structure within the
cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of
RNA and protein.
It is the site of protein synthesis.
Lysosomes
These are the membrane bound
organelle which contain
digestive enzymes.
It contains hydrolytic enzyme
which helps in breakdown of food.
Mitochondria
# Mitochondria also known as Powerhouse of
the cell.
# These are double bounded organelles.
# It helps to produce energy for biochemical
reactions in the form of ATP.
# They are made of two membranes:-
# The outer membrane covers the organelle
and contains it # like a skin.
# The inner membrane folds over many times
and creates layered structures called cristae.
# The fluid contained in the mitochondria is
called the matrix.
Microbodies are also called as Peroxisomes or cytosomes.
It’s present in the Cytosol.
These are found in cytoplasm of the cell.
It converts stored lipids to carbohydrates.
Microbodies