1. Mycoplasma.
2. Protista .
3. Sponges.
4. Protozoans.
5. Protista.
6. Instinctively.
7. [False] It was done instinctively not using criteria that were scientific.
8. Use of organisms .
9. Aristotle.
10. Simple morphological characters.
11. Trees, shrubs, herbs .
12. Those which had red blood and those who didn’t.
13. Two.
14. Plantae and Animalia .
15. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes; unicellular and multicellular; autotrophic and heterotrophic.
16. Monera [prokaryotic] and Protista [eukaryotic] Chlamydomonas [unicellular] and chlorella
[multicellular]; plants [autotrophic] and fungi [heterotrophic].
17. Easy to understand.
18. A large number of organisms did not fall into either category.
19. Cell structure, nature of wall, mode of nutrition, habitat, methods of reproduction,
evolutionary relationships, etc.
20. [False] Classification systems for the living organisms have hence, undergone several
changes over the time.
21. Plant and animal kingdoms have been a constant under all different systems.
22. The understanding of what groups/organisms be included under these kingdoms have been
changing; the number and nature of other kingdoms have also been understood differently
by different scientists over the time.
23. A five-kingdom classification system.
24. The kingdoms defined by him were named Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
25. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell structure, body organisation,
mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships.
26. Monera - Polysaccharide and amino acids; Fungi - Chitin; Plantae - Cellulose.
27. Monera - Cellular; Protista- Cellular; Fungi - Multicellular / loose tissue; Plantae - Tissue/
organ; Animalia - Tissue/organ/ organ system.
28. Monera is divided into two domains.
29. All the organisms included had a cell wall in their cells.
30. Monera; Protista.
31. Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas, Chlorella (earlier placed in Algae
within Plants and both having cell walls) with Paramoecium and Amoeba (which were earlier
placed in the animal kingdom which lack cell wall).
32. Changes happened because the criteria for classification changed.
