Gut Microbiome and Depression: A Study of Microbiome Composition and Depressive Symptoms, Schemes and Mind Maps of Medical Microbiology

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GUT MICROBIOME-

WIDE ASSOCIATION

STUDY OF DEPRESSIVE

SYMPTOMS

Andrea Leon Date: 02/29/

MCB4320C

BOTTOM-LINE UP FRONT Why should we care? Depression affects 300+ million people worldwide Current treatments have significant side effects Contribution Research between gut bacterial composition and depressive symptoms Main Question Can differences in gut bacteria explain depressive symptoms? Achievements Uncover new therapeutic possibilities

WHY DO WE NEED ALTERNATIVES?

• Antidepressants are not a one-size-fits-all solution (Harvard Health).
• Depression rates are rising globally due to modern lifestyle factors (Hidaka, 2012).
• Microbiome-based interventions could be a promising adjunct or alternative to traditional medications.

How does gut microbiome composition correlate with depressive symptoms?

Lower Microbiome Diversity = Higher Depression Scores Individuals with depression had significantly lower gut microbial diversity than non-depressed individuals. Specific Bacteria Associated with Depression Increased in Depression:

• Eggerthella, Lachnoclostridium, Hungatella (linked to inflammation). Decreased in Depression:
• Coprococcus, Ruminococcaceae, Subdoligranulum. Gut Microbiome & Neurotransmitters Eggerthella is linked to increased serotonin metabolism, potentially leading to serotonin depletion in the brain. Butyrate-producing bacteria (like Coprococcus) have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. RESULTS

Descriptive statistics of the study populations

TRANSPLANTATION (FMT) CLINICAL & THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS LIMITATIONS & FUTURE RESEARCH Discussion

CONCLUSION There is a connection between depression and the composition of the gut microbiome. Reduced gut diversity and particular bacterial imbalances are associated with increased depressive symptoms. There is potential for microbiome- focused interventions, such as probiotics and dietary changes, to serve as supplementary or alternative treatments. More research is necessary to determine causation and explore clinical applications.

REFERENCES

**1. Harvard Health. (n.d.). What are the real risks of antidepressants? Harvard Medical School. Retrieved from Harvard Health (Your paragraph text).

2. Hidaka, B. H. (2012). Depression as a disease of modernity: Explanations for increasing prevalence. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 166. Your paragraph text
3. Sharon, G., Sampson, T. R., Geschwind, D. H., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2016). The central nervous system and the gut microbiome. Cell, 167(4), 915-932. Your paragraph text
4. Zhu, S., Jiang, Y., Xu, K., Cui, M., & Ye, W. (2020). The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 17(1), 53. Your paragraph text
5. Clapp, M., Aurora, N., Herrera, L., Bhatia, M., Wilen, E., & Wakefield, S. (2018). Gut microbiota’s role in brain function. Nutrition Reviews, 76(7), 481–496. Your paragraph text**