Business statistics chapter 1, Lecture notes of Business Statistics

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Chapter 1

Introduction

and Data

Collection

Learning Objectives

The study of this chapter should enable you to:

• (^) define statistics and other related terms
• (^) describe the types of statistics
• (^) describe the types of data and their sources
• (^) understand the different levels of measurement
• (^) differentiate between census and sampling
• (^) describe the types of sampling and various

Types of Statistics

Descriptive Inferential  (^) Collecting, presenting, and characterizing data  (^) Drawing conclusions and/or making decisions concerning a population based only on sample data  (^) Involve either estimation or hypothesis testing

Related Terms in

Statistics

• (^) POPULATION - All the items or individuals about which you want to draw a conclusion.
• (^) SAMPLE - The portion of a population selected for analysis.
• (^) PARAMETER - A numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a population.
• (^) STATISTIC - A numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a sample.

Types of Data/Variables

Data/Variab les Categorical (Qualitative)

• Defined categories Examples: Gender, marital status, races Numerical (Quantitative) Discrete
• counted items Examples: Numbers of accidents Continuous
• measured characteristics Examples: Weight, temperature

Levels of Measurement

Nomin al

• (^) Categorical data
• (^) distinct categories in which no ordering is implied Ordina l
• (^) Categorical data
• (^) Categories that can be ordered or ranked (eg: from highest to lowest rating) Interva l
• (^) Numerical data
• (^) Values are real numbers
• (^) Meaningful difference between values – zero is not a true zero Ratio
• (^) Numerical data
• (^) Meaningful 0 point

Getting started with

SPSS

In the end of this lessons, students should know:

• (^) How to start SPSS
• (^) The windows in SPSS
• (^) The SPSS main menus and the commands
• (^) How to prepare Data File
  • (^) name variables
  • (^) key-in data
• (^) How to save Data File