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An overview of computers and computer programming. It explains the major categories of computer components, characteristics of computers, types of RAM, secondary memory, cache memory, registers, and software categories. It also presents a layered view of the computer and discusses computer programming, including the process of writing or editing source code and the skills required for software development. useful for students who want to learn about computers and computer programming.
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
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โ (^) A computer is a programmable machine designed to perform :
โ (^) Speed โ (^) Accuracy โ (^) Diligence โ (^) Versatility โ (^) Storage Capacity
โ (^) Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is currently working. โ (^) It has a limited capacity and data is lost when power is switched off ( Volatile Memory ). โ (^) It is generally made up of semiconductor device. โ (^) These memories are not as fast as registers.
โ (^) Here, data is stored using the six transistor memory cell. โ (^) Static RAM is mostly used as a cache memory for the processor (CPU). โ (^) SRAM is faster than DRAM โ (^) Several times more expensive than DRAMs โ (^) Takes up much more space than DRAMs โ (^) Consume less power than DRAMs
โ (^) All DRAMs are made up of memory cells, which are composed of one capacitor and one transistor. โ (^) DRAM must be continually refreshed in order to maintain the data. โ (^) Refreshing is done by placing the memory on a refresh circuit that rewrites the data several hundred times per second. โ (^) DRAM is used for most system memory as it is cheap and small.
โ (^) This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile. โ (^) It is slower than the main memory. โ (^) These are used for storing data/information permanently. โ (^) The contents of secondary memories are first transferred to the main memory, and then the CPU can access it. โ (^) Types of fixed storage :
โ (^) Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. โ (^) It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. โ (^) It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU. โ (^) It consumes less access time as compared to main memory.
โ (^) A computer program is a collection of instructions that can be executed by a computer to perform a specific task. โ (^) A computer program is usually written by a computer programmer in a programming language. โ (^) A collection of computer programs, libraries, and related data are referred to as software.
โ (^) Computer programming is the process of writing or editing source code. โ (^) Editing source code involves testing , analyzing , refining , and sometimes coordinating with other programmers on a jointly developed program. โ (^) A person who practices this skill is referred to as a computer programmer , software developer, and sometimes coder. โ (^) Sometimes lengthy process of computer programming is usually referred to as software development. โ (^) The term software engineering is becoming popular as the process is seen as an engineering discipline.
