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The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014-2016, which resulted in over 28,000 infections and 11,325 deaths. It covers the signs and symptoms of EVD, how it spreads, and its epidemiological determinants. The document also discusses the history of the outbreak and how it began in Guinea, before spreading to Sierra Leone and Liberia. It highlights the importance of treating EVD and the dangers of leaving it untreated.
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Running head: (OPTONAL) 1 Task 2 Western Governors University The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a communicable disease that has indeed resulted in an outbreak across international borders. Signs and symptoms of EVD are similar to those of the
flu: fever, severe headache, joint and muscle aches, chills, weakness. These symptoms typically appear 2 to 21 days after exposure with the virus. Symptoms progress to diarrhea and vomiting as the patient becomes sicker(“Signs and Symptoms,” 2019). Other symptoms, according to the CDC, may include unexplained hemorrhaging, red eyes, skin rash, and hiccups. EVD can be fatal if not treated. The largest Ebola outbreak since the virus was first discovered in 1976 occurred between 2014-2016. According to World Health Organization (WHO), this outbreak began in December 2013in a small village in Guinea. It is believed that an 18-month-old boy was infected by bats. The virus soon spread to the countries of Guinea, Sierra Leone, andLiberia. The EVD spreads when a person encounters body fluids or objects that have been contaminated with the body fluids of a person who has been sick with, or died from, Ebola(“Ebola virus disease,” 2020). This outbreak continuedJuly 17, 2014 when a patient being treated in a hospital for possible Ebola virus left against medical advice. On July 20, 2014, this sick passenger traveled from Liberia to Lagos, Nigeria via the international airport. Upon arrival, he was transported to a private hospital with Ebola symptoms including fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient died on July 25, 2014 (Shuaib et al., 2014). The EVD outbreak of 2014-2016 ended with greater than 28,000 infected and 11,325 deaths (Marks, 2019). There are many epidemiological determinants associated with this outbreak. According to the CDC, EVD is caused by an infection with Zaire ebolavirus and occurs naturally in specific animals of African countries. The Ebola virus then spreads person to person, after a person comes in contact with an infected animal, via contact with blood and body fluids. The virus is easily spread through urine, feces, saliva, sweat, vomit, breast milk, amniotic fluid, semen, and vaginal fluids (“Signs and Symptoms,” 2019). Left untreated, the Ebola virus can be deadly.
References
Branch, C. (n.d.). Communicable Disease. Retrieved December 28, 2020, from https://epi.ncpublichealth.com/cd/report.html Ebola virus disease. (2020, February 10). Retrieved December 28, 2020, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease Marks, J. (2019, January 4). Ebola: History and Outbreaks | Everyday Health. Retrieved from EverydayHealth.com website: https://www.everydayhealth.com/ebola/guide/outbreaks/ Maron, D. F. (2014, July 31). Cross-Border Ebola Outbreak a First for Deadly Virus. Retrieved December 28, 2020, from Scientific American website: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cross-border-ebola-outbreak-a-first-for-deadly-virus/ Shuaib, F., Gunnala, R., Musa, E. O., Mahoney, F. J., Oguntimehin, O., Nguku, P. M., … Vertefeuille, J. F. (2014, October 3). Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak — Nigeria, July–September 2014. Retrieved December 28, 2020, from www.cdc.gov website: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a5.htm Signs and Symptoms. (2019, November 5). Retrieved December 28, 2020, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/symptoms/index.html