CANCER
A PRESENTATION BY ADINA
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basics of cancer from ncert textbook, does not include some information but all foundational information available.
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CANCER
A PRESENTATION BY ADINA
INTRODUCTION
What is cancer?
What do we know about cancer?
TYPES OF TUMOURS
Benign
Remain confined
Do not spread
Cause little damage
Malignant
Mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic cells
Grow rapidly
Invades and damages surrounding tissue
Starves nearby cells by competing for vital nutrients
They have a property called metastasis:
cells from these tumours travel through the bloodstream and get lodged
around the body. They then form a new tumour there.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
CAUSES OF
CANCER
Cancer causing agents are called carcinogens.
- They can be physical, chemical or biological.
Physical: Ionising radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays, Non-ionising
radiation like UV both cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic
transformation.
- Chemical: Chemicals in tobacco smoke have been identified as a major source
of lung cancer.
Biological:
Cancer causing viruses called oncogenic viruses, they have genes
called viral oncogenes.
- Normal cells have several genes called cellular oncogenes or
proto oncogenes. These genes, when activated, lead to oncogenic
transformation of the cells.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND