Canine Behavior and Physiology, Exams of Environmental Law

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Positive (P+) - ANSWER-adds something to the environment Reinforcement - ANSWER-increases behavior Punishment - ANSWER-decreases the behavior Positive Reinforcement (R+) - ANSWER-ADDS something to promote an INCREASE in behavior (e.g. feed a treat) Positive Punishment (P+) [FEAR or PAIN] - ANSWER-ADDS something to promote a DECREASE in behavior (e.g. jerk the leash) Negative - ANSWER-removes something from the environment Negative Reinforcement (R-) [RELIEF] - ANSWER-REMOVES something to promote the INCREASE in behavior (e.g. stop loud music) Negative Punishment (P-) [DISAPPOINTMENT/FRUSTRATION] - ANSWER- REMOVES something to promote a DECREASE in behavior (e.g. take away a toy) threshold - ANSWER-point at which animal stops thinking consciously Operant conditioning - ANSWER-if a dog MUST learn to do something, it's operant conditioning Replacement Behavior - ANSWER-is what you teach your dog to do instead of the problem behavior Cut-off signals - ANSWER-distance increasing behavior Habituation - ANSWER-The ability to stop reacting to meaningless stimuli [NOTE: stimulus that elicits really strong reactions, e.g. fear - often don't habituate] Sensitization - ANSWER-[Sort of opposite of habituation] (some dogs) reaction to a repeated stimulus gets stronger instead of dispersing [NOTE: stimulus that elicits really strong reactions, e.g. fear - often don't habituate] Adaptation - ANSWER-..refers to the physical process of tiring.

Learned Irrelevance - ANSWER-...an animal that ceases attending to a stimulus because it has no consequences - is displaying learned irrelevance. Also know as pre- exposure effect. Piloerector Reflex - ANSWER-... Aversion - ANSWER-Any stimulus the removal of which is reinforcing; (adj) characterizing an event that is likely to be avoided (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Anecdotal Evidence - ANSWER-First - or - second-hand reports of personal experience (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Behavior - ANSWER-Anything a person or animal does that can be measured. In practice, the term usually refers to publicly observable overt behavior. However, behavior that is available only to the person performing int (such as thinking) may be included if it can reliably be measured. (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th ED.

Backward Chaining - ANSWER-A chaining procedure in which training begins with the last link in the chain and adds preceding links in reverse order. (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Baseline Period - ANSWER-In a within-subject experiment, a period of observation (often designated "A") during which no attempt is made to modify the behavior under study. (chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Behavior Chain - ANSWER-A series of related behaviors, the last of which produces reinforcement (Chance, Paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) CER - ANSWER-Conditional Emotional Response Blocking - ANSWER-Failure of a stimulus to become a CS (conditioned stimulus) when it is part of a compound stimulus that includes an effective CS. The effective CS is said to block the formation of a new CS (cf. overshadowing.) (chance, paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 448) Classical Conditioning - ANSWER-Classical conditioning (also Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning) is a form of learning in which one stimulus, the conditioned stimulus or CS, comes to signal the occurrence of a second stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus or US. The US is usually a biologically significant stimulus such as food or pain that elicits a response from the start; this is called the unconditioned response or UR. The CS usually produces no particular response at first, but after conditioning it elicits the conditioned response or CR.

Chaining - ANSWER-In operant training, the procedure of establishing a behavior chain. (see behavior chain, forward chaining, backward chaining.) (chance, paul. Learning & behavior, 5th Ed. 453) Conditioned Emotional Response - ANSWER-An emotional response to a stimulus that is acquired through Pavlovian conditioning 107. the procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus (typically referred to as the CS) with a US. Also called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning. (chance, paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 449) Respondent Conditioning - ANSWER-The procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus (typically referred to as the CS) with a US. Also called Pavlovian or classical conditioning. (chance, paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 453) Conditioned Response - ANSWER-The response part of a conditional reflex; the response elicited by a conditional stimulus. Often called conditional response. Abbreviated CR. (chance, paul. Learning & Behavior, 5th Ed. 449) Conditioned Reinforcer - ANSWER-Any reinforcer that has acquired its reinforcing properties through its association with other reinforcers. Also called conditioned reinforcer. (chance, paul. learning & behavior, 5th Ed. 454) Contiguity - ANSWER-Nearness of events in time (temporal contiguity) or space (spatial contiguity). (chance, 449) Conditional Stimulus - ANSWER-The stimulus part of a conditional reflex, the stimulus that elicits a conditional response. Often called conditioned stimulus. (chance, paul.

Continuous Reinforcement - ANSWER-A reinforcement schedule in which behavior is reinforced each time it occurs. Abbreviated CRF (cf. intermittent schedule.) (chance, paul. 449) Contingency - ANSWER-A dependency between events. An event may be stimulus- contingent (dependent on the appearance of a stimulus) or response-contingent (dependent on the appearance of a behavior). (chance, paul. 449) Control Group - ANSWER-In a between-subjects experiment, those subjects not exposed to the independent variable. (chance, paul. 449) CRF - ANSWER-Continuous reinforcement Critical Period - ANSWER-A period in the development of an organism during which it is especially likely to learn a particular kind of behavior Counter conditioning - ANSWER-The use of Pavlovian conditioning to reverse the unwanted effects of prior conditioning

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior - ANSWER-A form of differential reinforcement in which behavior that is different from an undesired behavior is systematically reinforced. (The procedure provides an alternative way of obtaining reinforcers.) Abbreviated DRA. Differential Reinforcement - ANSWER-Any operant training procedure in which certain kinds of behavior are systematically reinforced and others are not. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior - ANSWER-A form of differential reinforcement in which behavior that is incompatible with an unwanted behavior is systematically reinforced. Abbreviated DRI Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior - ANSWER-A form of differential reinforcement in which reinforcement is contingent on the cmplete absence of a behavior for a period of time. Also called differential reinforcement of zero responding. Abbreviated DRO. Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate of Behavior - ANSWER-A form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced only if it occurs no more than a specified number of times in a given period. Abbreviated DRL. DRA - ANSWER-Differential Reinforcement of an Alternate Behavior DRI - ANSWER-Differential Reinforcement of an Incompatible Behavior DRO - ANSWER-Differential Reinforcment of an Other Behavior Differential Reinforcement of High Rate of Behavior - ANSWER-A form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced only if it occurs at least a specified number of times in a given period. Abbreviated DRH. DRL - ANSWER-Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate of Behavior Discrete Trials Procedure - ANSWER-An operant training procedure in which performance of a behavior defines the end of a trial. DRH - ANSWER-Differential Reinforcement of a High Rate of Behavior Discrimination Training - ANSWER-Operant discrimination traianing normally consists of reinforcing a behavior when it occurs in the presence of a stimulus (the S+ or SD), but not when it occurs in the presence of another stimulus (the S- or SA). See error-less discrimination training, matching to sample, simultaneous discrimination training, successive discrimination training.

Discrimination - ANSWER-The tendency for a behavior to occur in the presence of certain stimuli, but not in their absence. Duration - ANSWER-The length of time that passes from onset to offset of a behavior or a stimulus. Drive - ANSWER-In Hull's theory of reinforcement, a motivational state (such as hunger) caused by a period of deprivation (as food). Experimental Group - ANSWER-In between-subjects experiment, those subjects exposed to the independent variable. Establishing Operations (motivation Operations) - ANSWER-An antecedent event or change in the environment that alters the effectiveness of th reinforcer and the rates of the responses that have produced that reinforcer previously. haven just eaten a large meal will diminish the effectiveness of edible reinforcers. Similarly, deprivation will increase the effectiveness of reinforcers. Extinction Burst - ANSWER-A sudden increase in the rate of behavior during the early stages of extinction. Extinction - ANSWER-1)pavlovian conditioning, the procedure of repeatedly presenting a CS without the US. 2)In operant training, the procedure of withholding the reinforcers that maintain a behavior. Fade - ANSWER-A procedure for transferring control of responding from one stimulus or set of stimuli to another by gradually removing one while the other is gradually introduced. Stimuli may be faded n or out. FAP - ANSWER-Fixed Action Pattern Fixed Action Pattern (flexible Action Pattern) (Action Pattern) - ANSWER-Any largely inherited series of interrelated acts, usually elicited by a particular stimulus (the releaser). Formerly called instinct. Fixed Interval Schedule - ANSWER-A reinforcement schedule in which a behavior is reinforced the first time it occurs following a specified interval since the last reinforcement. Abbreviated FL. Fixed duration Schedule - ANSWER-A reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is contingent on the continuous performance of a behavior for a fixed period of time. Abbreviated FD. Fixed Ratio Schedule - ANSWER-A reinforcement schedule in which every nth performance of a behavior is reinforced. Abbreviated FR.

FR - ANSWER-Fixed Ration Schedule Fair Pairs - ANSWER-A program with two behavior targets, one that you want to see more and the other that you want to see less. Classical conditioning - ANSWER-is responsible for involuntary responses. e.g. dog salivating when dinner is served. Afghan Hound - ANSWER- Airdale Terrier - ANSWER- Alaskan Malamute - ANSWER- Australian Cattle Dog - ANSWER- Australian Shepherd - ANSWER- Basenji - ANSWER- Basset Hound - ANSWER- Beagle - ANSWER- Bedlington Terrier - ANSWER- Black And Tan Coonhound - ANSWER- Bloodhound - ANSWER- Border Collie - ANSWER- Border Terrier - ANSWER- Boston Terrier - ANSWER- Boxer - ANSWER- Brittany Spaniel - ANSWER- English Bulldog - ANSWER- Bull terrier - ANSWER- Chihuahua - ANSWER-

Collie - ANSWER- Dalmatian - ANSWER- Dachshund - ANSWER- Dandy Dinmont Terrier - ANSWER-... Doberman Pinscher - ANSWER- English Cocker Spaniel - ANSWER- English Setter - ANSWER- English Springer Spaniel - ANSWER- Fox terrier - ANSWER- German Shepherd - ANSWER- German Shorthaired Pointer - ANSWER- German Wirehair Pointer - ANSWER- Great Dane - ANSWER- Great Pyrenees - ANSWER- Greyhound - ANSWER- Irish Setter - ANSWER- Italian Greyhound - ANSWER- Jack Russel Terrier - ANSWER- Komodor - ANSWER-... Labrador Retriever - ANSWER- Lhasa Apso - ANSWER- Manchester Terrier - ANSWER- Norwegian Elkhound - ANSWER-

Old English Sheepdog - ANSWER- Pekingese - ANSWER- Poodle - ANSWER- Pug - ANSWER- Rottweiler - ANSWER- Samoyed - ANSWER- Schnauzer - ANSWER- Shetland Sheepdog - ANSWER- Shih Tzu - ANSWER- Siberian Husky - ANSWER- Skye Terrier - ANSWER- St. Bernard - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/VBENfUAtO_seqEPnmR31CQ.jpg Welsh Corgi - ANSWER- Yorkshire Terrier - ANSWER- brachycephalic - ANSWER-Brachy," meaning short and "cephalic," meaning head. Brachycephalic breeds are characterized by ... - ANSWER-"brachycephalic respiratory syndrome," which affects the different areas of the respiratory tract. STENOTIC NARES - ANSWER-This is a fancy name for narrowed nostrils. The brachycephalic dogs begins by having very small nasal openings for breathing. If this is severe, surgical correction is possible. ELONGATED SOFT PALATE - ANSWER-It is difficult to fit the soft tissues of the canine mouth and throat into the brachycephalic's short face. As a result, the soft palate, which separates nasal passage from oral cavity, flaps loosely down into the throat creating snorting sounds. Virtually all brachycephalics suffer from this but actual respiratory distress is rare except in English Bulldogs. The English Bulldog tends to have more severe symptoms in almost all aspects of brachycephalic syndrome. Excess barking or panting may lead to swelling in the throat which can, in turn, lead to trouble. Again, the soft palate can be surgically trimmed.

TRACHEAL STENOSIS - ANSWER-The brachycephalic dog's windpipe may be dangerously narrowed in places. This condition creates tremendous anesthetic risk and should be ruled out by chest radiographs prior to any surgical procedures. EVERTED LARYNGEAL SACCULES - ANSWER-The normal larynx has two small pockets called "ventricles" or "saccules." When a dog has increased effort in breathing, over time these little pockets will actually turn inside out inside the throat. When this occurs, the protuberances need to be surgically snipped. In fact, this finding indicates that surgery for the stenotic nares and elongated soft palate is also warranted lest it progress to a full laryngeal collapse. HEAT STRESS - ANSWER-Because of all these upper respiratory obstructions, the brachycephalic dog is an inefficient panter. A dog with a more conventional face and throat is able to pass air quickly over the tongue through panting. Saliva evaporates from the tongue as air is passed across and the blood circulating through the tongue is efficiently cooled and circulated back to the rest of the body. Brucellosis - ANSWER-is an important venereal disease in many species. Hackles - ANSWER-the line of hair that can stand up, and it runs from the base of a dog's neck to the base of his tail. Piloerection - ANSWER-when the fur on the dog's back (his hackles) stands up - it's called piloerection Estrus - ANSWER-dog in heat, in season tapetum - ANSWER-dogs have double retinas which permits light 2 opportunities to get through epiphora - ANSWER-Excessive tearing in dogs [can be caused by an overproduction of tears. There can also be a normal production of tears but improper draining of the tear ducts. This causes the area underneath the eyes to stay constantly wet.] herm sprenger collars - ANSWER-prong collars (true name) what is proptosis (sometimes called "eye luxation" or "eye dislocation")? - ANSWER-It occurs when the eyeball is displaced outside of the eye socket, so that the eyelids are curled back and trapped behind the eye. Proptosis is a very serious condition because when the lid cannot cover the eye, the surface of the eye rapidly becomes dry and discolored. Cryptorchidism - ANSWER-Cryptorchidism is a condition present at birth in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum from where they develop in the abdomen.

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule╩(CRF) - ANSWER-every occurrence of the response is followed by R+ Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule (PRF) - fixed ratio (FR) - ANSWER-fixed ratio between the # of responses and the # of rewards earned Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule (PRF) - variable ratio (VR) - ANSWER- number of responses required varies from one occasion to the next (sometimes referred to as VSR) aka - SLOT MACHINE Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule (PRF) - random ratio (RR) - ANSWER- number of responses required is totally random (??) Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule (PRF) - fixed interval (FI) - ANSWER- reward only if a response occurs after specified time ex. checking the mail; animal learns to wait and be patient between responses since responses made after reward never result in reinforcement Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule (PRF) - variable interval (VI) - ANSWER- interval that is required to elapse before a reward can be earned varies. ex. busy signal; steady response rates without pauses (like VR), rate of responding is a function of the time interval (shorter intervals will produce higher response rates) Differential Reinforcement Schedule - Differential RATE Schedules * differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior (DRH) - ANSWER-response is reinforced only if occurs within a certain time of the previous response (Not useful for most dog training situations) Differential Reinforcement Schedule - Differential RATE Schedules * differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) - ANSWER-response is reinforced only if occurs after a certain time of the previous response (Not useful for most dog training situations) Differential Reinforcement Schedule - Differential TYPE Schedules * differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) - ANSWER-used to encourage appropriate behaviors while eliminating inappropriate behaviors at the same time; reward any behavior other than the one you want to eliminate, whether its incompatible or not Differential Reinforcement Schedule - Differential TYPE Schedules * differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) - ANSWER-reward only incompatible behaviors, counter-commanding, alternative response training Differential Reinforcement Schedule - Differential TYPE Schedules * differential reinforcement of excellent behavior (DRE) - ANSWER-reward responses that come closest to perfection - straighter front, faster sit; most appropriate for majority of responses we train dogs to perform

Duration Reinforcement Schedule - ANSWER-require animal maintain a particular level of responding throughout an entire interval time in order to earn reinforcement Duration Reinforcement Schedule - three types - ANSWER-fixed duration(FD); variable duration(VD); random duration(RD). Teaching dog to build duration by first varying and making time random. Ob comp example of FD. American Kennel Club - ANSWER-the governing organization of purebred dogs Bitch - ANSWER-a female dog Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER-a cardiac disease where the heart muscle becomes thin Dystocia - ANSWER-difficult birth Estrous cycle - ANSWER-the reproductive event in females GDV - ANSWER-a dangerous digestive disease in dogs Gestation - ANSWER-pregnancy Parturtion - ANSWER-giving birth PDA - ANSWER-a cardiac disease in newborn animals Puberty - ANSWER-the time of sexual maturity Puppy - ANSWER-a young dog under 1 year of age Stud - ANSWER-a male dog Vaccination - ANSWER-the act of providing immunity against disease Whelping - ANSWER-giving birth in dogs Zoonotic - ANSWER-a disease transmittable between animals & humans Adult period - ANSWER-developmental period from 5 months to 7-15 years & stage that begins with the onset of sexual maturity Transitional period - ANSWER-developmental period from 2-3 weeks of age where the eyes & ears of the puppy open Submissive dog - ANSWER-will have a tucked tail, lowered head, & flattened ears

Smell - ANSWER-the most important sense to dogs Greyhound - ANSWER-oldest type of dog Biting - ANSWER-main defensive weapon of dogs Distemper - ANSWER-most common respiratory disease afflicting dogs Basenji - ANSWER-barkless dog Irish wolfhound - ANSWER-the tallest breed of dog Chihuahua - ANSWER-the smallest breed of dog Whippit - ANSWER-a miniature version of a Greyhound Chow Chow & Chinese Shar-pei - ANSWER-two breeds of dogs that characteristically have blue or blue/black tongues 70-120 b/m - ANSWER-heartrate 12-28 r/m - ANSWER-respiratory rate 101.5 F - ANSWER-body temperature 9-20 years - ANSWER-life span 6-12 months - ANSWER-age of puberty Spring & Fall - ANSWER-breeding season Seasonally monestrous - ANSWER-type of estrous cycle 63 days - ANSWER-gestation period 2-12 whelps - ANSWER-litter size 6-8 weeks - ANSWER-weaning age Animalia - ANSWER-Kingdom Chordata - ANSWER-Phylum Mammalia - ANSWER-Class Carnivora - ANSWER-Order

Canidae - ANSWER-Family Canis - ANSWER-Genus Canis familiaris - ANSWER-Species Brachycephalic - ANSWER-snub-nosed dogs Dolichocephalic - ANSWER-long-nosed dogs Mesocephalic - ANSWER-medium length-nosed dogs Neonatal period - ANSWER-from birth to 2 weeks of age Socialization period - ANSWER-from 3-8 weeks of age Juvenile period - ANSWER-from 8 weeks to 4 months of age 4 stages of Estrous cycle - ANSWER-Estrus, Proestrus, Anestrus, & Metestrus Before buying a dog - ANSWER-Lifestyle, Finances, Dwelling, Children, Time available, Purpose, Climate Drop ears - ANSWER-ears that hang down or in a drooping fashion Rose ears - ANSWER-a small, neat ear which folds over and back, revealing the inner ear Button ears - ANSWER-a small, neat ear which drops forward lying close to the skull and pointing to the eye Erect/prick ears - ANSWER-stand up ears Semi-prick ears - ANSWER-the ears stand up but have a little fold at the top of the ears 8, 12, 16 weeks - ANSWER-ages that the puppy can be given the canine distemper, parvovirus, and hepatitis vaccines vaccinate at 4 months - ANSWER-the age of the puppy that it can be given the rabies varrine Hip dysplasia - ANSWER-a developmental disorder characterized by laxity of the coxofemoral joint which results in joint instability & degeneration Ascarids - ANSWER-Toxocara canis, Toxocara leonina

Coccidia - ANSWER-Isospora canis Fleas - ANSWER-Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis Giardia - ANSWER-Giardia lamblia Heartworms - ANSWER-Dirofilaria immitus Hookworms - ANSWER-Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma braziniense Mites - ANSWER-Demodex canis, Otodected cynotis, Sarcoptes canis Tapeworms - ANSWER-Dipylidium caninum, Taenia pisiformis Ticks - ANSWER-Dermacenter variabilis, Ixodes scapularis Whipworms - ANSWER-Trichuris vulpis Pointer - ANSWER-Weight 45-65#, Ears: drop, Tail: natural http://o.quizlet.com/i/wx_O- 932aSo6HkcLDCQ6QA.jpg German Shorthair Pointer - ANSWER-Weight 50-70#. Ears: drop. Tail: long dock. Coat: smooth. http://o.quizlet.com/i/WPFPlnqBkJ26Fd6mZONnvQ.jpg German Wirehair Pointer - ANSWER-Weight 50-70#. Ears: drop. Tail: long dock http://o.quizlet.com/i/CF8PILKn9Ob62uezQGkfuw.jpg Chesapeake Bay Retriever - ANSWER-Weight: 55-75#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: thick, short & wavy. Eyes: yellow. Coat: "dead grass" color http://o.quizlet.com/i/OImx9oBEp62TwlPFu-9c1w.jpg Golden Retriever - ANSWER-Weight: 60-70#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural, full & feathered Coat: all shades of gold, flat & feathered. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/uekXRcSw6EOxMhDW4lCInA.jpg Labrador Retriever - ANSWER-Weight: 55-75#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural, Coat: black, chocolate or yellow (all short coat) http://o.quizlet.com/i/eRZp1L8bbB7149RYS7HFAA.jpg English Setter - ANSWER-Weight: 60-70#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural w/ feathering Body/coat qualities: long lean body, feathering on ears, tail, chest & legs. - ANSWER- http://o.quizlet.com/i/HvT9y_k3717utNPCaXR0GA.jpg

Gordon Setter - ANSWER-Weight: 55-75#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: black & mahogany, flat & feathered. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/LNoq9kD1kPIusCB9E25Ymg.jpg Irish Setter - ANSWER-Weight: 40-50#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: all shades of red, flat & feathered. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/8vu7eXFHx7M_rUYSC8ComQ.jpg Brittany Spaniel - ANSWER-Weight: 35-40#. Ears: drop. Tail: naturally short. Coat: flat & dense with slight feathering. Long legs. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/wkCtz3cy7kWjmvm4hoKBDg.jpg American Cocker Spaniel - ANSWER-Weight: 25-30#. Ears: drop. Tail: docked. Coat: long & silky w/ feathering on lower body. Domed head. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/P_hIbuv74FVmy08dhWIjBQ.jpg English Cocker Spaniel - ANSWER-Weight: 25-30#. Ears: drop. Tail: docked. Coat: all colors, feathering on lower body. Head is not domed. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/yYCLcKg2kfB4oY1TS5LJng.jpg English Springer Spaniel - ANSWER-Weight: 30-50#. Ears: drop. Tail: docked. Coat: feathering on ears, tail and body. B/W, Liver/W, tricolor. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/saJjmdrKBKTF8plrbqchXw.jpg Vizsla - ANSWER-Weight: 50-60#. Ears: drop. Tail: long dock. Coat: short, gold to sandy yellow. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/IPemMUsaQYvdO9vaiQRkNA.jpg Weimaraner - ANSWER-Weight: 70-80#. Ears: drop. Tail: long dock. Coat: short, solid metallic grey. Eyes: amber. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/O7vqOatw7t15FNcJgsvfKA.jpg Akita - ANSWER-Weight: 75-90#. Ears: erect. Tail: curled over back. Coat: all colors allowed, thick fur. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/PWfyH6nx6IUdfcg0x4B5fg.jpg Alaskan Malamute - ANSWER-Weight: 75-85#. Ears: erect. Tail: curled.

Coat: black or grey with lighter mask. Eyes: brown. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/iQcSmxOW4mtblpBz6F5M3Q.jpg Bernese Mountain Dog - ANSWER-Weight: 90#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: slight wavy coat, black & tan with white markings. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/WT7-FkrzvrK6xypZYjXJNQ.jpg Boxer - ANSWER-Weight: 55-75#. Ears: cropped/drop. Tail: docked. http://o.quizlet.com/i/EIZ7-r5DAvDsgQ68EjRsJw.jpg Bullmastiff - ANSWER-Weight: 110-130#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: short; red, fawn, brindle (often with black mask). - ANSWER-http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4091/4954803653_73c5f7811d.jpg Doberman Pinscher - ANSWER-Weight: 65-80#. Earl: cropped/drop. Tail: docked. Coat: short; black, red, blue, fawn (rust markings) - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/hxdRpa_I9blykmQa96lm0Q.jpg Giant Schnauzer - ANSWER-Weight: 70-75#. Ears: cropped. Tail: docked. Coat: black or salt 'n pepper; bushy eyebrows, beard & mustache. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/TRYIxu5UcZTRHD0zhDqo6A.jpg Great Dane - ANSWER-Weight: 100-130#. Ears: cropped/drop. Tail: natural. Coat; short; brindle, fawn, blue, black, harlequin - ANSWER-http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4085/5092497613_8dc9e202bb.jpg Great Pyrenees - ANSWER-Weight: 90-120#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural & full. Coat: always white with thick double coat. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/VVa- zYl6_OY73_6cmruwDg.jpg Mastiff - ANSWER-Weight: 175-190#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: short; black mask with apricot, fawn, fawn brindle - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3334/3328551459_b76751e59b.jpg Newfoundland - ANSWER-Weight: 120-150#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: medium to long with feathering; black or bronze. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/DI0v97yIRJLHMVIGYs9XPg.jpg

Rottweiler - ANSWER-Weight: 95-100#. Ears: drop. Tail: docked. Coat: short; black & tan points. - ANSWER-http://farm1.staticflickr.com/75/196836954_1b382432ec.jpg Saint Bernard - ANSWER-Weight: 110-200#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural & full. Coat: long or short; red & white, brindle & white. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/ejFKQSYWbqoje3Jim-7AYg.jpg Samoyed - ANSWER-Weight: 50#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural & full. Coat: thick double coat; white or cream. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/HUW8vsEfMz26WGHmeqfe1g.jpg Siberian Husky - ANSWER-Weight: 35-50#. Ears: erect. Tail: full, natural. Coat: double coat; gray, copper, black. Eyes: blue or brown. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/CU5-HjId9Lbseu3vZL2TpA.jpg Standard Schnauzer - ANSWER-Weight: 35#. Ears: cropped/drop. Tail: docked. Coat: black, salt 'n pepper. Bushy eyebrows, beard & mustache - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/Zpe7iQG2p5PuYHbdHtvO-w.jpg Airedale Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 40-45#. Ears: button. Tail: long docked. Coat: wiry double coat; tan & black saddle. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/w5ODLDLHS7j9byhNxbxkmQ.jpg American Staffordshire Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 35-45#. Ears: cropped/drop. Tail: natural. Coat: sleek coat; any solid or parti-color but white is discouraged. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/9oIhkQigLHqnV9IZ1LOkfg.jpg Bedlington Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 15-25#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Arched back, pear-shaped head. Coat: curly; blue, blue & tan, sandy, sandy & tan, liver, liver & tan. http://o.quizlet.com/i/9MErC9aUJf0pe9AAg4sVTA.jpg Bull Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 55-65#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural. Roman nose. Coat: any color. (mini-bull terrier weight: 10-15#) - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/FnUoZFz19SHFWtiGnj7vTw.jpg

Cairn Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 15#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural. Coat: shaggy double coat; any solid color but white - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/TnRlAgWVrEeY7GxmCr0p1g.jpg Fox Terrier (smooth & wirehair) - ANSWER-Weight: 18-20#. Ears: button. Tail: natural. Coat: short; tricolor with white predominant. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/lP- t3JeZc5gp5OxA5tFDag.jpg Kerry Blue Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 35-40#. Ears: button. Tail: naturally short. Coat: wavy; blue. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/2B7ZD2W9wdAMaIRfLq5m0Q.jpg Manchester Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 15#. Ears: cropped/drop. Tail: natural. Coat: smooth; black & tan - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/AM0nCt3J- Ns_rSSyXxqxNw.jpg Miniature Schnauzer - ANSWER-Weight: 15#. Ears: cropped/button. Tail: docked. Coat: black or salt 'n pepper; bushy eyebrows, beard & mustache - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/Qbcyet3hyvxb3mFfm3e7vA.jpg Parson Russell Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 12-15#. Ears: button. Tail: natural or docked. Coat: smooth or broken (wire); 51% white with brown or black - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/1LfNbPCc_0o0F4iHElCbgg.jpg Scottish Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 20-25#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural. Coat: wiry double coat, eyebrows, beard, moustache; black, wheaton (tan), brindle, gray. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/VyARadPkf2LIwC_EQsjnPw.jpg Skye Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 20#. Ears: erect & feathered. Tail: natural. Coat: long double coat; black, gray, fawn, cream. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/WHUCaLgvqKnNG8f3KgFJFA.jpg Staffordshire Bull Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 25-30#. Ears: rose. Tail: natural. http://o.quizlet.com/i/VNE_eX-KL24S657HJBbzJw.jpg West Highland White Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 15-20#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural.

Coat: harsh double coat; white only. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/LwRznOgRWmfs57Q8SZvbHg.jpg Chihuahua - ANSWER-Weight: 2-6#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural. Coat: smooth and long; any color or pattern - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3642/3455993730_0db4190a50.jpg Maltese - ANSWER-Weight: 6-8#. Ears: drop & feathered. Tail: curled over back & feathered. Coat: long silky coat; white only. http://farm1.staticflickr.com/41/75058376_f8b004f1e0.jpg Manchester Terrier (Toy) - ANSWER-Weight: 6-8#. Ears: cropped/buttonTail: natural. Coat: smooth; black & tan. http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3650/3332672542_7ee7d6c17c.jpg Miniature Pinscher - ANSWER-Weight: 6-8#. Ears: cropped/button. Tail: docked. Coat: smooth; black & tan, chocolate,& tan, red - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/yz7VYdHYf_iu_c0GNz5uJA.jpg Papillon - ANSWER-Weight: 9-10#. Ears: erect & feathered. Tail: curled & feathered. Coat: long; mostly white & symmetrical white blaze on face. http://o.quizlet.com/i/WaOX8Co-tv2HU7NAe51-vA.jpg Pekingese - ANSWER-Weight: 8-10#. Ears: drop. Tail: curled & feathered. Coat: long; red, fawn, black, black & tan, sable, brindle, white, parti-color; black mask. Has short and bowed legs, brachycephalic. - ANSWER-http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4053/4626169695_a933b971af.jpg Pomeranian - ANSWER-Weight: 5-7#. Ears: erect. Tail: curled & full Coat: double coat & "sled dog" look; most colors & parti-color - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/jk75HL_-kKIOXw9qYP3_Iw.jpg Poodle (Toy) - ANSWER-Weight: 5-7#. Ears: drop. Tail: docked. Coat: curly; any solid color. - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3659/3384888065_7b40a855b0.jpg Pug - ANSWER-Weight: 15-18#. Ears: drop. Tail: curled (2 full curls is good). Coat: short; fawn, apricot, silver, black; black mask. Brachycephalic - ANSWER-http://farm1.staticflickr.com/146/427595181_f001c1e956.jpg

Shih Tzu - ANSWER-Weight: 10-14#. Ears: drop & feathers. Tail: curled & feathered. Coat: long; all colors. Brachycephalic - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3202/3281242611_19e5293468.jpg Silky Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 9-11#. Ears: erect. Tail: docked. Coat: fine & silky; blue & tan only. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/QLC- yVsEN5H_im_khK9RxQ.jpg Yorkshire Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 5-7#. Ears: erect & feathered. Tail: docked. Coat: long with beard & moustache; blue body & golden face - ANSWER-http://farm1.staticflickr.com/22/24299374_710f06afd1.jpg Bichon Frise - ANSWER-Weight: 10-15#. Ears: drop & feathered. Tail: curled & feathered. Coat: curly outer coat; white. http://o.quizlet.com/i/1yJQKX6pl5r- IkDH92r5xw.jpg Boston Terrier - ANSWER-Weight: 10-25#. Ears: bat. Tail: short. Coat: smooth; white on a seal, black, or brindle background. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/bkhyNFmNhya-xRetZgHgCA.jpg Chinese Shar-pei - ANSWER-Weight: 20-25#. Ear: semi-prick. Tail: curled over back. Coat: wrinkled skin; fawn, cream, red, black, chocolate. Blue-black tongue. - ANSWER- http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3608/3379924300_562ebc85d0.jpg Chow Chow - ANSWER-Weight: 50-70#. Ears: erect. Tail: curled. Coat: thick wooly coat; any solid color. Blue-black tongue. - ANSWER-http://farm1.staticflickr.com/21/24299906_eb1b90cadc.jpg Dalmatian - ANSWER-Weight: 50-55#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: smooth; white base with black or liver spots. - ANSWER-http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2266/2081023439_8e4246f02d.jpg English Bulldog - ANSWER-Weight: 40-50#. Ears: rose. Tail: short. Coat: short; any color except black. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/hI7C7r0Y1O5belpOioZRCw.jpg French Bulldog - ANSWER-Weight: 15-25#. Ears: bat. Tail: docked.

Coat: short; brindle, fawn, white, piebald. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/PmxT4z2Z2qUn4oNImXQ7TA.jpg Keeshond - ANSWER-Weight: 35-40#. Ears: erect. Tail curled & full. Coat: thick & bushy; gray/black/cream. - ANSWER-http://farm2.staticflickr.com/1186/1196494438_dff906b240.jpg Lhasa Apso - ANSWER-Weight: 12-15#. Ears: dropped & feathered. Tail: curled & feathered. Coat: long coat that covers everything. http://o.quizlet.com/i/QPhAxk51i6yyrCrbb9JdEg.jpg Poodle (standard and miniature) - ANSWER-Weight: 45-55#; 15-18#. Ears: drop. Tail: docked. Coat: curly; black, white, apricot, brown, cream, silver, blue. - ANSWER-http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2582/4139577788_63b6a671ce.jpg Schipperke - ANSWER-Weight: 12-16#. Ears: erect. Tail: docked. Coat: thick double coat; black only. - ANSWER-http://farm1.staticflickr.com/91/234948301_3e79d0bcc6.jpg Afghan - ANSWER-Weight: 50-65#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural, slight curl. Coat: long; any color. Sight hound - ANSWER-http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4151/4947300645_673283acf6.jpg Basenji - ANSWER-Weight: 20-25#. Ears: erect. Tail: curled. Sight hound. Coat: short; red, black & tan, black (all have white markings) - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/8JNlvbHNSbAUxyL3woGB1w.jpg Basset Hound - ANSWER-Weight: 40-50#. Ears: very long drop. Tail: natural. Coat: loose skin; any hound color. Scent hound. - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3591/3513550548_55042c33a0.jpg Beagle - ANSWER-Weight: 18-25#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Scent hound. Coat: smooth; combination of black, tan, brown & white. - ANSWER-http://farm2.staticflickr.com/1425/1187812412_f291d9706b.jpg Black and Tan Coonhound - ANSWER-Weight: 50-75. Ears: drop. Tail: natural.

Coat: smooth; black with tan points. Scent hound. - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3267/2861852546_166b33e267.jpg Bloodhound - ANSWER-Weight: 85-105#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: loose skin; black & tan, red & tan, tawny. Scent hound. - ANSWER-http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2152/2300660442_0a95839536.jpg Borzoi - ANSWER-Weight: 75-100#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: long & wavy; any color. Sight hound. - ANSWER-http://farm2.staticflickr.com/1261/1432107714_03c62557db.jpg Dachshund - ANSWER-Weight: 15-20#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: smooth, wirehair, long. Scent hound. - ANSWER-http://farm1.staticflickr.com/112/282262460_0616779e1d.jpg American Foxhound - ANSWER-Weight: 65-70#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: short; any color. Scent hound - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/0vUo0gcF88tfngdkUqz_5w.jpg Greyhound - ANSWER-Weight: 60-70#. Ears: rose. Tail: natural. Coat: short & sleek; any color. Sight hound. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/QRFPeE41OTi2TcRTPrcsyA.jpg Irish Wolfhound - ANSWER-Weight: 90-120#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: coarse; gray, brindle, red, black, fawn, wheaton, white. Sight hound. - ANSWER- http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2588/3935940714_ab428a1b38.jpg Norwegian Elkhound - ANSWER-Weight: 40-45#. Ears: erect. Tail: curled & full. Coat: double & thick; gray with shading. Scent hound. - ANSWER-http://farm1.staticflickr.com/225/515776742_bce2e6dbea.jpg Plott Hound - ANSWER-Weight: 50-60#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural Coat: fine & glossy; brindle color only. Scent hound. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/R4jXFKsxY9vz9txp7F002A.jpg Rhodesian Ridgeback - ANSWER-Weight; 65-75#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural.

Coat: light red to wheaton; backward ridge of fur on back. Scent hound. - ANSWER- http://farm1.staticflickr.com/2/2074655_d9b571f01b.jpg Saluki - ANSWER-Weight: 40-60#. Ears: drop. Tail: natural. Coat: short & feathered. Sight hound. - ANSWER-http://farm2.staticflickr.com/1188/5120935235_69b29e1c2a.jpg Whippet - ANSWER-Weight: 25-30# Ears: rose. Tail: natural Coat: short & fine, any color. Sight hound. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/3mgUc5xYGAF0uq2c59opkA.jpg Australian Cattle Dog - ANSWER-Weight: 30-40#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural. Coat: short & rough; blue-speckled or red-speckled. - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/Ff3JWlG92RLOW6rVeBCO6Q.jpg Bearded Collie - ANSWER-Weight: 60-65#. Ears: drop & feathered. Tail: natural. Coat: long double coat; black, brown, fawn, blue; white markings allowed. - ANSWER- http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3016/3060080271_e74c703e4c.jpg Belgian Tervuren - ANSWER-Weight: 60-65#. Ears: erect. Tail: naturally short. Coat: long; fawn to mahogany with black mask and overlay of body - ANSWER-http://o.quizlet.com/i/aap3FYN8bm2Q2Xt1p7YbgA.jpg Border Collie - ANSWER-Weight; 30-45#. Ears: semi-prick. Tail: natural. Coat: slightly wavy & double; most colors allowed. - ANSWER-http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2467/3956384239_73ebcfde92.jpg Collie - ANSWER-Weight: 50-70#. Ears: semi-prick. Tail: natural Coat: long double coat (unless smooth coated); sable and white, tricolor, blue merle, white. - ANSWER-http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2581/3879189899_b895ce4a9a.jpg German Shepherd - ANSWER-Weight: 75-85#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural. Coat: short & dense; black & tan, sable, black, gray - ANSWER-http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2311/2167288342_08860ac3bf.jpg Old English Sheepdog - ANSWER-Weight: 60-70#. Ears: drop. Tail: docked.

Coat: thick & shaggy; gray & blue with white, merle. - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3565/3323582036_bd36bcc214.jpg Shetland Sheepdog - ANSWER-Weight: 25-30#. Ears: semi-prick. Tail: natural. Coat: long double coat; black, blue merle, sable & white or tan - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3195/2861835516_5031d2f328.jpg Cardigan Welsh Corgi - ANSWER-Weight: 25-30#. Ears: erect. Tail: natural. Coat: short; tricolor, blue merle, brindle. - ANSWER-http://farm1.staticflickr.com/112/262758943_e13b7751d9.jpg Pembroke Welsh Corgi - ANSWER-Weight: 25-30#. Ears: erect. Tail: NO TAIL. Coat: short; fawn & white, tan & white, red, sable. - ANSWER-http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3139/2865996787_77bb161e5c.jpg Animal Welfare - ANSWER-Emphasizes humane treatment of animals used in research & Ag Animal Rights - ANSWER-Varies from stopping all use of animals for human benefits to eliminating suffering as much as possible Provides energy - ANSWER-Fats, Protein, & Carbohydrates Doesnt provide energy - ANSWER-Water, Minerals, Vitamins Linnean system - ANSWER-Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Mutualism - ANSWER-both members benefit Parasitism - ANSWER-one member harms the other member Commensalism - ANSWER-one member benefits while the other neither benefits nor is harmed Predatory - ANSWER-one member benefits at the expense of the other (Food source) Phoresis - ANSWER-a smaller member is carried by a larger member Dam - ANSWER-Female Parent Sire - ANSWER-Male Parent Neuter - ANSWER-the removal of sexual organs

Ovariohysterectomy - ANSWER-the removal of ovaries & uterus (spay) Castration - ANSWER-the removal of the testicles Chemical Restraint - ANSWER-Most dangerous method of animal restraint to the untrained handler that includes sedatives, traanquilizers, or anesthetics Tools & Physical Force - ANSWER-A restraint that can seriously injure an animal when restrained by an untrained handler that includes ropes, snares, or twitches Dog - ANSWER-First domesticated animal Sheep - ANSWER-First domesticated food animal Feral animal - ANSWER-domesticated animals that are returned to the wild Tamed animal - ANSWER-one that has been taken from the wild and learned by experience that humans are a source of food rather than a source of harm Breed - ANSWER-a group within a species that share some common traits but differ in others Species - ANSWER-a group of animals possessing common characteristics or traits that distinguish them from other animals Confining equipment - ANSWER-mainly for livestock & horses that are narrowing runways or chutes Psychological restraint - ANSWER-use of the animals behavior & voice of man Sensory Diminishment - ANSWER-uses of blindfolds or ear plugs to create a calming effect Surgeons knot - ANSWER-simuilar to square knot & tying ease with nonslipping Bowline - ANSWER-most useful knot & nonslip that can easily be untied despite excessive tightening Quick-release - ANSWER-a variation of the the slipknot & is able to untie quickly best used when tying an animal to a fence - ANSWER-... Half-hitch - ANSWER-useful knot for livestock handlers b/c its quick & easy to tie & provides the leverage necessary for handling large animals