Canine Behavior and Training Principles, Exams of Advanced Education

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All of the following is true of scheduling your exam, EXCEPT: a. You can schedule your exam at any time b. It is recommended to keep your date c. You must contact PTC at least 72 hours in advance to reschedule d. You will receive detailed instructions from PTC on how to schedule your exam - a. You can schedule your exam at any given time Electronic collars should be considered: a. Forbidden by the CCPDT Electronic Collar Position Statement b. As a last resort, and part of the punishment tier of the Humane Hierarchy c. A go-to piece of equipment for certain breeds of dogs d. The final option prior to using positive reinforcement - b. As a last resort, an part of the punishment tier of the Humane Hierarchy According the the Humane Hierarchy, the first step in training is to: a. Use positive reinforcement techniques to train desired behavior b. Manage the dog's environment so he cannot make mistakes c. Confirm that the dog is in good health and receiving proper nutrition d. Punish inappropriate behavior - c. Confirm that the dog is in good health and receiving proper nutrition The CPPDT Code of Ethics requires all of the following EXCEPT: a. Refraining from contacting clients after a consultation b. Refraining from use of derogative cultural terms c. Regular updating of client contact lists d. Recommending other trainers with more experience - a. Refraining from contacting clients after a consultation The Humane Hierarchy states that the following comes immediately before using positive reinforcement training to establish new behavior: a. Positive punishment for behavior b. Extinction c. Management tools such as gates and crates d. Checking on the health of the dog - c. Management tools such as gates and crates The following is an unacceptable aversive method which could cause your CPDT-KA certification to be revoked: a. Recommending the use of a prong collar in a group class

b. Ear-pinch method of dumbbell retrieve c. Use of an anti-bark collar d. Repetitive choke chain corrections - b. Ear-pinch method of dumbbell retrieve All of the following are allowable under the CCPDT Code of Ethics EXCEPT: a. Photographing clients who have signed a photo release b. Use of the CPDT-KA logo on websites and promotional materials c. Referring clients to another trainer who uses aversive methods d. Receiving a percentage of the income from referrals to another professional - d. Receiving a percentage of the income from referrals to another professional Telling a new client about harsh training methods of another dog trainer is considered: a. Acceptable ethics since the dog is spared the abuse b. Defamation of a colleague and unethical c. Acceptable but only if two other trainers agree d. Endorsed by the CCPDT since certificants are committed to positive training methods - b. Defamation of a colleague and unethical Once you have become a CPDT-KA, you must recertify by a. Earning 32 CEUs every two years b. Earning 32 CEUs every three years c. Earning 36 CEUs every two years d. Earning 36 CEUs every three years - d. Earning 36 CEUs every three years If a client with a disability wants to attend your group class you should a. Allow it only if the class is specifically designed for service dog training b. Refer the client to another trainer who has more experience c. Help the client by providing a reasonable accommodation to mediate their disability d. Tell the client to bring a family member to class - c. Help the client by providing a reasonable accommodation to mediate their disability To protect your clients' identity at all times, you should NEVER a. Use your clients' real names in class b. Keep your registration forms where class members can see them c. Tell clients to exchange phone numbers during class time d. Keep an accurate client contact data base in your computer - B. Keep your registration forms where class members can see them It is permissible to bring notes into the CPDT-KA testing center a. True b. False - b. False It is permissible to turn clients away if you do not like their lifestyle choices or breed of dog a. True

b. False - b. False A CPDT-KA should acquire written permission prior to photographing or videoing clients a. True b. False - a. True If a client complains that her dog barks at people passing by her front window, the first thing a CPDT-KA should recommend is a. Try a citronella bark color b. Cover the windows with curtains, blinds, or privacy film c. Pair the sight of the people out the window with running into another room for a treat d. Scold the dog to be quiet - b. Cover the windows with curtains, blinds, or privacy film Technically speaking, a reinforcer is something that: a. Increases the behavior frequency b. Rewards the dog for good behavior c. Decreases the behavior frequency d. Elicits a happy emotional response from the dog - A. Increases the behavior frequency A dog pulling against a halter moves back toward the owner to remove pressure on the nose. The handler then gives the dog a treat. This is: a. Neutral stimulus paired with a conditioned stimulus b. Positive punishment followed by negative reinforcement c. Negative punishment followed by positive reinforcement d. Negative reinforcement followed by positive reinforcement - d. Negative reinforcement followed by positive reinforcement Which of the following best describes the return of a previously extinguished response? a. Habituation b. Sensitization c. Spontaneous recovery d. Desensitization - c. Spontaneous recovery Upon your recommendation, a client is attempting to ignore her dog's barking to extinguish the behavior, but the barking is getting worse. This could be an example of: a. An extinction burst b. Premack principle c. Thorndyke's Law d. Spontaneous recovery - a. An extinction burst A reflex is an unlearned, involuntary behavior. In classical learning, it is called: a. Conditioned stimulus b. Neutral stimulus c. Unconditioned response

d. Conditioned emotional response - c. Unconditioned response Which of the following best describes a variable ratio of reinforcement? a. One reinforcement after every correct response b. Many reinforcements after every other response c. Reinforcement after some number of correct responses d. No reinforcement after incorrect responses - c. Reinforcement after some number of correct responses In classical counter-conditioning, the order of presentation is important. The correct order of presentation is: a. Conditioned stimulus followed by the unconditioned stimulus b. Neutral stimulus followed by the conditioned stimulus c. Unconditioned stimulus followed by the neutral stimulus d. Neutral stimulus followed by the unconditioned stimulus - a. Conditioned stimulus followed by the unconditioned stimulus In desensitization, it is important to control the degree at which we present the conditioned stimulus. Which of these is NOT a degree of stimulus control: a. Distance from a person b. Volume of a sound c. Speed of a car d. Quality of treats - d. Quality of treats Which of the following best describes food, water, and sex? a. Positive reinforcers b. Negative reinforcers c. Primary reinforcers d. Secondary reinforcers - c. Primary reinforcers Classical learning can change visceral responses, including cellular responses a. True b. False - a. True Though used as a secondary reinforcer in operant learning, the clicker is initially classically conditioned. Before being paired with food, the clicker is a: a. Unconditioned stimulus b. Positive reinforcer c. Neutral stimulus d. Conditioned stimulus - c. Neutral stimulus A client's dog barks and runs the fence with the neighbor dogs. You recommend reinforcing breaks in the barking with a treat and a release to "go bark." You are recommending: a. Positive punishment

b. Premack principle c. Thorndike's Law of Effect d. Matching Law - b. Premack principle The Premack Principle states: a. Less probable behaviors will reinforce more probable behaviors b. More probably behaviors will reinforce more probable behaviors c. Reinforcement cannot occur d. More probably behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors - d. More probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors A dog is offering downs when you hand signal without a lure. What is the best way to add a verbal cue? a. Lure, verbal, response (down), reward b. Verbal, signal, response (down), reward c. Signal, verbal, response (down), reward d. Signal and verbal simultaneously, response (down), reward - b. Verbal, signal, response (down), reward Immediately after reinforcement, learners on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement tend to: a. Work b. Sleep c. Pause d. Accelerate - c. Pause A dog is pulling on leash to greet a stranger. The owner responds by asking the stranger to wait until the dog stops pulling. The dog sits, and the owner tells the stranger he can approach. Which of the following is being demonstrated? a. Pulling on the leash is being negatively punished and sit for greeting is being positively reinforced b. Pulling on leash is being negatively reinforced and sit for greeting is being positively punished c. Pulling on leash is being positively punished and sit for greeting is being positively reinforced d. Pulling on leash is being positively reinforced and sit for greeting is being positively reinforced - a. Pulling on leash is being negatively punished and sit for greeting is being positively reinforced Classical conditioning always has a continuous ratio of reinforcement a. True b. False - a. True Two puppies are playing. Puppy A bites too hard, and Puppy B yelps and walks away. They begin playing again after a pause and Puppy A is more careful. Puppy B: a. Negatively reinforced Puppy A for biting too hard b. Positively punished Puppy A for biting too hard

c. Positively reinforced Puppy A for biting too hard d. Negatively punished Puppy A for biting too hard - d. Negatively punished Puppy A for biting too hard A dog is lunging and barking on leash while wearing a prong collar. His owner is applying gentle collar corrections in an attempt to stop the behavior, but the dog continues to bark and lunge. This is an example of what? a. Learned helplessness b. Sensitization c. Learned irrelevance d. Positive punishment - c. Learned irrelevance You have confirmed that a dog is healthy and ready for training. The next step in your training protocol should be: a. Positive reinforcement b. Define the target behavior c. Establishing an exercise routine d. Install management - d. Install management A dog barks at skateboards. The trainer lets the dog see a skateboard that is not moving and immediately presents food. She then removes the skateboard and immediately stops giving food. This is an example of: a. Positive reinforcement b. Desensitization and counter-conditioning c. Extinction d. Habituation - b. Desensitization and counter-conditioning A dog approaches a garbage can. The garbage can blows over in the wind, and the dog runs away. The dog no longer approaches garbage cans. What occured? a. The dog was positively punished for approaching garbage cans b. Habituation c. The dog was negatively punished for approaching the garbage cans d. Premack Principle - a. The dog was positively punished for approaching garbage cans While working on counter-conditioning to a stimulus, it is possible for the unconditioned stimulus (the food) to become "poisoned." This means: a. The food begins to predict the conditioned stimulus b. The food begins to predict the unconditioned stimulus c. The conditioned stimulus begins to predict the conditioned punishment d. The conditioned stimulus begins to predict the food - a. The food begins to predict the conditioned stimulus Teaching a dog to go to mat instead of barking at the doorbell is an example of: a. Differential reinforcement of better behavior

b. Differential reinforcement of excellent behavior c. Differential reinforcement of an incompatible behavior d. Differential reinforcement of an extinguished behavior - c. Differential reinforcement of an incompatible behavior Whether or not something is a reinforcer or punisher is determined by: a. The learner's opinion b. The trainer's opinion c. The owner's preference d. The product's versatility - a. The learner's opinion You are teaching a client's dog to go to crate. Each time the dog steps inside the crate, you mark the behavior and toss a treat in the crate. Over time, the dog is going more and more into the crate, and you toss treats inside after each time. Finally, you are able to treat the dog after he is fully inside the crate and close the door. This is an example of: a. Luring using positive reinforcement b. Shaping using negative punishment c. Shaping using positive reinforcement d. Prompting using positive reinforcement - c. Shaping using positive reinforcement A dog moves in with a new family and for the first week, barks daily at the mailman. The second week, the dog just looks up and notices the mailman. The third week, the dog sleeps through the mailman's visit. This is an example of: a. Desensitization b. Counterconditioning c. Sensitization d. Habituation - d. Habituation Eustress is a prime internal state for learning a. True b. False - a. True Placing the dog physically on the dog walk in agility is an example of: a. Luring b. Shaping c. Prompting d. Abuse - c. Prompting If a dog barks constantly at the front window any time a person passes, which of the following is the first thing to recommend to the client? a. A citronella bark collar to reduce barking b. Close the curtains after each person passes c. Crate the dog during high traffic times

d. Pair the sight of people on the street with running to another room for a treat - c. Crate the dog during high traffic times What is the most commonly recommended use of a clicker? a. To get a dog's attention b. As a secondary reinforcer c. As an interrupter for inappropriate behavior d. To stop a dog from barking - b. As a secondary reinforcer There is never a good use for a retractable leash a. True b. False - b. False Which of the following best describes a harness? a. Should not be recommended for large dogs b. May be more comfortable for small dogs c. Minimizes the amount of pressure on the leash d. Takes pressure off the neck and trachea - d. Takes pressure of the neck and trachea Which of these is a tool for managing leash pulling? a. Head collar b. Electronic collar c. Buckle collar d. Tracking harness - a. Head collar What is the proper way to fit a martingale or limited slip collar? a. Bring the D-rings together at the base of the dog's neck and adjust to two fingers b. Bring the D-rings together at the top of the dog's neck and adjust to two fingers c. Adjust until the martingale loop is drawn tight at the back of the dog's neck d. Leave as loose as possible for comfort - b. Bring the D-rings together at the top of the dog's neck and adjust to two fingers The best collar for use at a dog daycare is a martingale collar. a. True b. False - b. False Which of these is an often overlooked, but very useful tool in the trainer's toolbox? a. Prong collar b. Invisible fence c. Food dispensing toy d. Retractable leash - c. Food dispensing toy When training a dog with underground containment system, the first step in positive reinforcement training should be:

a. Condition the dog to run into the house whenever the collar beeps b. Take the dog directly to the border so it learns where the shock is c. Explain to the client why she shouldn't use the system d. Walk the perimeter with the dog on a leash while feeding cookies - a. Condition the dog to run into the house whenever the collar beeps Which of the following is NOT generally used as a management tool? a. Crate b. Exercise pen c. Baby gate d. Puzzle toy - d. Puzzle toy Every dog should learn to relax in a crate a. True b. False - a. True Which of the following is considered an aversive training tool? a. Head halter b. Choke chain c. Martingale d. Flat collar - b. Choke chain The Canny Collar is similar to the Gentle Leader but attaches to the leash at the throat a. True b. False - b. False All of the below are good options to try to calm an anxious dog EXCEPT a. DAP diffuser b. Aromatherapy c. Thundershirt d. Citronella collar - d. Citronella collar A new tool on the market which uses Bluetooth technology for distance rewards is: a. Manners minder b. Kong wobbler c. Treat and Train d. Pet Tutor - d. Pet Tutor An owner is discouraged over her dog's progress in training and admits she is considering a different approach. What is the first thing the trainer should discuss with the owner? a. What is causing the discouragement and what is the dog's actual progress b. Listen to the owner talk about the stress in her life c. Explain the trainer is the expert and the owner should trust the trainer's opinion

d. Explain why the chosen methods are best for her dog - a. What is causing the discouragement and what is the dog's actual progress If a training exercise is explained and then demonstrated, owners will be a. Bored with the repetition b. Impressed with the trainer c. Overwhelmed with their dog d. Apt to remember the process - d. Apt to remember the process Empathetic listening is: a. Listening carefully for common misconceptions and being ready to teach with understanding b. Paying attention and parroting back exactly the phrases that the client has spoken c. Paying attention, repeating, and then responding to the emotions behind the words d. Preparing an emotional response while the owner is still talking - c. Paying attention, repeating, and then responding to the emotions behind the words When considering safety, it is LEAST important for a trainer to: a. Assess the owners' physical capabilities b. Make sure every owner has brought lots of treats c. Assess the general behavior and activity level of each dog d. Make sure floors are clean and free of trip and fall risks - b. Make sure every owner has brought lots of treats How should a dog trainer best serve an owner with limited mobility? a. Refer to another trainer with service dog experience b. Offer to do board and train rather than group classes c. Tell the owner to bring a friend to train her dog d. Politely discuss options and agree on reasonable accommodations - d. Politely discuss options and agree on reasonable accommodations When dealing with a student who continues to interrupt class with unrelated conversation, a trainer should: a. Redirect the student back to class with a demonstration b. Ignore the student until she stops talking c. Confront the student in front of the class and challenge her to demonstrate the exercise to see if she was paying attention d. Embarrass student by pointing out something funny about her - a. Redirect the student back to class with a demonstration A trainer notices that one of the dogs in her class is appearing very uncomfortable with other dogs. Though the owner is able to get the dog's attention, he is jumpy when sniffed. The first thing the trainer should try is: a. Dismiss the dog from class before it becomes aggressive

b. Place the dog and owner behind a visual barrier and see if the dog becomes more comfortable c. Ask the owner to attend a different class with nicer dogs d. Recommend a collar correction every time the dog shows fear - b. Place the dog and owner behind a visual barrier and see if the dog becomes more comfortable If an instructor must keep to a tight schedule, which of the following is the best way to handle a client who asks a relevant question that will require an extensive answer? a. Ignore the question, make a joke and move on b. Politely explain that there is not enough time, but that you will follow up with her at a later time c. Spend time answering the question and move the remaining curriculum to the following week d. Explain that you'll write a blog after class and invite the students to comment - b. Politely explain that there is not enough time, but that you will follow up with her at a later time A trainer begins a new class and sees that there is a pit bull type dog in class. Due to recent bad press, the trainer believes that pit bulls should not be allowed in her city. The trainer should: a. Discuss his concerns about breed choice with the owner and suggest a better match b. Avoid working with the dog during class since the dog is likely to bite c. Keep an open mind and allow this dog to show its individual personality d. Ask a different trainer to take over the class by the next session - c. Keep an open mind and allow the dog to show its individual personality If a dog suddenly stops paying attention to his owner in class, a trainer should do all of the following EXCEPT a. Use different equipment and correct the dog when it looks away b. Suggest increasing the value of the primary reinforcement c. Remove distractions from the environment when possible d. Set up a visual barrier to help the dog focus - a. Use different equipment and correct the dog when it looks away When selecting a demo dog in class, the instructor should choose which dog? a. A dog that is clinging to his owner so the instructor can work on his confidence b. A dog that is most likely to catch on quickly so that students are encouraged c. A well-trained dog that can already perform the behavior d. A receptive dog that is friendly to the trainer and learning the skill for the first time - d. A receptive dog that is friendly to the trainer and learning the skill for the first time A trainer would most likely suggest that an owner not return to group class and should seek private training when a dog a. Whines constantly in class b. Snaps at a person or other dog in class c. Displays signs of mild stress

d. Can't settle down on the mat - b. Snaps at a person or other dog in class When arranging a class layout, a semi-circle a. Reduces barking b. Keeps dogs from interacting c. Keeps owners from comparing their dogs with other dogs d. Allows the owners to better see and hear the trainer - d. Allows the owners to better see and hear the trainer People have non-verbal communication signals that can tell you about their emotional states. a. True b. False - a. True If a dog is continually barking and lunging at other dogs during the first class, what is the first suggestion a trainer should make? a. Suggest the owner correct the dog for each lunge b. Put the client and the dog behind a visual barrier to see if the dog can calm down c. Dismiss the client for having an aggressive dog d. Suggest the client change equipment to a head halter - b. Put the client and the dog behind a visual barrier to see if the dog can calm down Which of the following is NOT a concern with stairs? a. Dogs pulling on owners and causing them to fall b. Slippery surfaces or trip hazards c. Dog-dog interactions d. Not enough space to offer collar corrections - d. Not enough space to offer collar corrections If a trainer has a small space and is concerned about traffic, he should review what during the first week of class? a. Everyone must stay in the training space once class starts b. Identify potential blind corners, bottlenecks, or other run-in locations c. Procedures for cleaning up potty accidents d. What to do when the dogs are turned loose in the space - b. Identify potential blind corners, bottlenecks, or other run-in locations A trainer is explaining a new training method to a class. In the excitement of things, he begins to speak in scientific terms and then realizes his students are beginning to look confused. The trainer should: a. Prepare handouts to give out at the next session b. Continue speaking and let the students catch up at their own pace c. Apologize, and briefly reiterate in plain English d. Slow down so that the students can learn the important scientific terms - c. Apologize, and briefly reiterate in plain English

A client is having difficulty with a skill taught in class. The client tells the trainer she just doesn't feel it will help her dog behave better. The first thing the trainer should do is: a. Ask why she signed up for the class in the first place b. Offer an alternative skill that makes the client more comfortable c. Explain why the skill is relevant to the client's situation d. Ignore the client and let her figure out another option - c. Explain why the skill is relevant to the client's situation A student with a hands-on learning style will learn better by a. Listening to verbal communication b. Watching a demonstration with a class dog c. Holding the leash while the trainer works with his dog d. Having guidance while he performs the skill - d. Having guidance while he performs the skill A great way to establish rapport during an in-home consult is to accept an offered beverage a. True b. False - a. True When speaking to a class or working with a private client, which of these is NEVER appropriate? a. Speaking too simply b. Using scientific explanations c. Using slang or cuss words d. Repeating back what the client said, in different words - c. Using slang or cuss words When writing lesson plans and curriculum, it is critical that you a. Write extensive explanations for each lesson b. Have a clear goal for the class c. Push the students as fast as you can d. Provide handouts for every exercise - b. Have a clear goal for the class If a trainer is unsure how to proceed with a client, but she is confident the training challenge is not beyond his training ability, he can: a. Contact colleagues through Facebook, Yahoo, or other online share groups b. Make educated guesses and try another method c. Tell the client her dog is probably not trainable d. Send the client to the veterinarian for a complete check up - a. Contact colleagues through Facebook, Yahoo, or other online share groups A valuable way of gaining client compliance is to set a standard of professionalism. One way to do this is a. Be available at all times to build the trainer's image of reliability b. Ask for payment at the beginning of the consultation c. Respect the client's need to divulge personal health information

d. Set boundaries, such as business hours, and stick to them - d. Set boundaries, such as business hours, and stick to them Potentially aggressive or excessively fearful dogs can be distracting to class members. They can also be dangerous. If a visual barrier has not helped the dog relax and focus on class, the trainer should a. Suggest collar corrections for inappropriate behavior b. Ask the student to attend class without the dog so he can at least watch c. Follow written procedures on excusing the dog from class d. Have the dog and owner watch from outside the training space - c. Follow written procedures on excusing the dog from class When teaching in a group setting, you should use hand gestures, especially a pointing finger, to direct people to do what you tell them to do a. True b. False - b. False Human resistance comes in many forms including all but the following: a. Client may be truly ready to solve the problem b. Client may have conflict in the family c. Client may feel intimidated by you d. Client may be resistant to authority in general - a. Client may be truly ready to solve the problem Working with children is almost exactly the same as working with adults, so keep your expectations high-- they'll figure it out. a. True b. False - b. False At what age might at trainer include the use of a clicker in a training plan for a child? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 - d. 8 Allowing children to attend a group training class could be good for every class situation EXCEPT a. A puppy socialization class b. A basic obedience class c. A reactive dog class d. A kid-dog training class - c. A reactive dog class As a trainer, you can build rapport in a group class by a. Talking about how your training methods are better than that other trainer b. Ending class on time

c. Starting class late to allow everyone to begin together d. Teaching in technical terms that demonstrate your education - b. Ending class on time The first component to teaching in a group is to a. Pique interest by explaining why the exercise is useful b. Demonstrate the exercise thoroughly c. Explain the exercise thoroughly d. Give plenty of time for students to practice - a. Pique interest by explaining why the exercise is useful An important point in educating people is to a. Clearly demonstrate why their techniques have failed b. Agree with everything they say c. Explain why your opinion is the best d. Involve them in the decision making process - d. Involve them in the decision making process Empathetic listening might include saying the following phrases EXCEPT: a. "You are feeling frustrated" b. "You couldn't fit in practice sessions this week" c. "The training is too challenging for your lifestyle" d. "You have ruined this dog" - d. "You have ruined this dog" Which of the following is NOT a cause of communication breakdowns between dogs? a. Lack of proper socialization b. Docked tails c. Cropped ears d. Eating from the same bowl - d. Eating from the same bowl Normal maternal behavior can include all of the following except: a. Eating afterbirth b. Ignoring puppies c. Snapping at a puppy d. Eating puppy waste products - b. Ignoring puppies A client reports that her dog sometimes growls at nothing at all and then immediately attacks his own flank. You should: a. Suggesting changing the diet to a grain-free, novel protein diet b. Recommend she call a certified behaviorist for an evaluation and treatment plan c. Recommend euthanasia and a test for rabies d. Observe the behavior before making any training plans - d. Observe the behavior before making any training plans Every plan to cease attention-seeking barking should automatically include: a. Bark collar

b. Sonic sound aversion therapy c. Increase in exercise d. Remote feeder system - c. Increase in exercise Pathological causes for abnormal behavior mean that there is a health problem causing the behavior and training isn't going to be useful until the pathology is dealt with. Examples include all of the following except: a. Brain tumors b. Separation anxiety c. Pain-induced aggression d. Cognitive dysfunction syndrome - b. Separation anxiety An Applied Animal Behaviorist can prescribe medication. a. True b. False - b. False If a dog approaches with its body and ears back, head low, and gaze averted, it is probably a. Dominant b. Social c. Insecure d. Playful - c. Insecure Two dogs meet at the dog park. One approaches with its tail high, ears forward, and body tight. The other has a stiff body, ears back, and body forward. They stand facing each other, shoulder to shoulder. What is the most likely outcome? a. The dogs will become agonistic/fight b. The dogs will begin to play c. The dogs will walk away d. The dogs will begin chasing another dog - a. The dogs will become agonistic/fight Flared nostrils, whale eye, dilated pupils, and hard eye can all be signs of a. Eustress b. Distress c. Calming signals d. Dominance - b. Distress There is a new dog in class who looks away and yawns every time the trainer approaches. The first thing the trainer should do is a. Use the dog for a demonstration b. Ignore the dog and let it approach at its own pace c. Try to pet the dog while giving it treats d. Explain to the owner that the dog is dominant and blowing her off - b. Ignore the dog and let it approach at its own pace

Displacement behaviors and "cut-off" signals serve different functions according to ethologists. a. True b. False - b. False Which of these is a distance-increasing signal? a. A lolling tongue and open mouth b. Sleeping on a bed c. Presenting in a play bow d. Sniffing the ground - d. Sniffing the ground All of the following are important stress signals EXCEPT: a. Shaking off b. Turning head toward the owner c. Grooming out of context d. Rapid blinking - b. Turning head toward the owner Affiliative behaviors are meant to communicate the desire for attention and affection between social partners. a. True b. False - a. True Obnoxious submission is a. Dangerous play between mismatched partners b. An effusive display which is difficult for other dogs to tolerate c. The cause of many dog fights d. Appropriate if the dog offering the behavior is small - b. An effusive display for other dogs to tolerate Which of these is a signal humans can use when communicating with dogs? a. Yawning b. Pawing c. Lolling tongue d. Barking - a. Yawning Abnormal behaviors include: a. Uro-genital licking b. Destructive chewing c. Barking for attention d. Fixated staring - d. Fixated staring Knowing what "normal" looks like will help you interpret the emotional or arousal stats with more accuracy and less difficulty a. True b. False - a. True

Normal maternal behavior in dogs includes all of the following except: a. Eating the placenta b. Eating the shavings c. Eating the puppies' feces d. Eating a dead puppy - b. Eating the shavings Which one of the following may NOT indicate an imminent display of aggression? a. A tucked, quickly wagging tail b. An exaggerated wagging tail c. A circular wagging tail d. A raised, quickly wagging tail - c. A circular wagging tail A dog with the commissure of the mouth pulled back into a grin, the mouth is open and the tongue is not extended and soft, blinking eyes is a. Relaxed b. Stressed c. Fearful d. Submissive - a. Relaxed If house soiling is occurring at the edges of doorways, it's mostly likely related to separation distress. a. True b. False - b. False Harsh, physical training methods can contribute to aggression a. True b. False - a. True A uro-genital check is most likely NOT a. A displacement behavior b. A sign of mild stress c. A cut-off signal d. An appeasement behavior - d. An appeasement behavior Children are at more risk of being bitten by dogs because a. Dogs can't read the body language of children b. They usually are mean to dogs c. They are with dogs more than adults d. They are impulsive and move a lot - d. They are impulsive and move a lot Risks associated with pica include a. An increase of resource guarding b. Dogs learning to steal valuable items

c. Pet parents overfeeding their dogs d. Practicing scavenging increases counter-surfing - a. An increase of resource guarding Abnormal behaviors are usually genetically hard-wired a. True b. False - b. False A dog appears frozen with a stiff body, raised neck and tail. He is most likely a. To relax immediately if offered food b. To submit during an alpha roll c. To become aggressive during playgroup d. To resist physical handling - d. To resist physical handling The difference between anxiety and phobia is: a. Anxiety cannot be classically conditioned; phobia can b. Phobias cannot habituate naturally, sensitivity can c. Fear associated with anxiety is more traumatic and more common d. Fear associated with phobia is less traumatic and less common - b. Phobias cannot be classicaly conditoned Dogs being trained with positive reinforcement methods will not sow stress signals a. True b. False - b. False It is now believed that ancient canids became domestic dogs as they scavenged closer to human settlements more successfully. This process is known as a. Self-domestication b. Selective breeding c. Sexual selection d. Primary domestication - a. Self-domestication It is believed that ancient wolves first began to evolve into proto-dogs around a. 20,000-30,000 years ago b. 100,000 years ago c. 5,000 years ago d. 500 years ago - a. 20,000-30,000 years ago The Belyaev fox experiment showed that selecting for tameness also created changes in a. Foxes needing more freedom b. Foxes guarding their food less c. Fox appetite and dietary needs d. Fox appearance and behavior - d. Fox appearance and behavior The terms adolescent and juvenile are interchangeable.

a. True b. False - b. False One of the ways in which wolves and dogs differ is a. Wolves have smaller skulls and teeth b. Dogs play throughout their lifetime c. Dogs have strict pack structures d. Wolves breed indiscriminately with pack members - b. Dogs play throughout their lifetime The earliest fossil evidence of the domestic dog is believed to be a. 100,000 years old b. 12,000-14,000 years old c. 20,000-30,000 years old d. 5,000 years old - b. 12,000-14,000 years old An example of a breed with superior scenting ability and typically good around other dogs is the a. Great Dane b. Kuvasz c. Foxhound d. Pomeranian - c. Foxhound A sudden behavior change in an adult dog can indicate a. Normal variation among breeds b. Change in the dog's environment c. The dog should be euthanized d. Change in the dog's diet is needed - b. Change in the dog's environment The social structure of wolves and dogs was once thought to be based on power struggles for dominance. It is now known that their structure is a. More similar to human relationship structures b. Alpha-Submission based c. Determined by the strongest members of the pack d. A democratic hierarchy - a. More similar to human relationship structures No new breeds are currently being developed a. True b. False - b. False Due to the domestication process, dog have developed which ability? a. The ability to communicate with each other b. The ability to bond with a different species c. The ability to locate hunting territories d. The ability to hear whistle commands - b. The ability to bond with a different species

Puppies should leave the breeder to live with their new human family at the beginning of the 2nd socialization stage. This begins at a. Six weeks b. Seven weeks c. Eight weeks d. Three months - c. Eight weeks A fear impact period is defined by a. Hypersensitivity to startling and scary stimuli b. Brave behavior indicative of a sense of invincibility c. An owner's use of aversives with the puppy d. An ability to quickly get over being fearful - a. Hypersensitivity to startling and scary stimuli One difficulty trainers experience while working with owners of miniaturized dog breeds is helping them see that a. They should not pick their little dogs up b. They should not dress their dogs in costumes c. They need special equipment to train their dogs d. They need to let their dogs experience scent games - d. They need to let their dogs experience scent games Common behavior problems in senior dogs include all of the following except a. Senior dogs can become incontinent b. Senior dogs growl more c. Cognitive dysfunction d. Pain-related behavior changes - b. Senior dogs growl more Which of these could negatively impact proper development? a. Supervised, appropriate play with other dogs b. The use of reinforcers in training c. A lack of consistency and of proactive training d. Training puppies too early - c. A lack of consistency and of proactive training Puppies' eyes and ears are closed when they are first born. During which stage of development do their eyes and ears open? a. Transitional b. Neonatal c. 1st Socialization d. 2nd Socialization - a. Transitional The concept of dominance does not actually occur in domestic dogs a. True b. False - b. False

The heaviest and largest of all the breeds are usually classified as types of a. Spitz dogs b. Hounds c. Mastiffs d. Livestock guards - c. Mastiffs Common causes of developmental behavioral difficulties can include a. Sleep deprivation b. Too much maternal attention c. Early deworming d. Isolation during the first socialization period - d. Isolation during the first socialization period Wolves usually live in unrelated packs so the dominance hierarchy is very important to them a. True b. False - b. False Sexual behaviors usually develop during which developmental stage? a. Neonatal b. Juvenile c. Maturity d. First Socialization - b. Juvenile During which stage of development does the first fear impact period usually occur? a. Transitional b. 1st Socialization c. 2nd Socialization d. Juvenile - b. 1st Socialization One of the many differences between dogs and wolves is that dogs a. Play less than wolves b. Exhibit more conspecific aggression c. Develop independence quicker than wolves d. Can have a complete predatory sequence - b. Exhibit more conspecific aggression Ancient people bred dogs for everything except a. Fighting in war b. Hunting c. As food d. Gathering produce - d. Gathering produce