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CBIS CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026
EXAM SCRIPT FULLY SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉Traumatic Brain Injury. Answer: An alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force 2 Mechanisms *trauma impact
- traumatic inertial forces ◉Non-traumatic brain injury. Answer: Lack of O2, decreased nutrients to cells, exposure to toxins, pressure from tumor or blockage or other neuro disorder ◉ABI Prevalence. Answer: 2nd most prevalent disability in U. S.
- 13.5 million Americans ◉Children & TBI. Answer: * non-accidental trauma cause of 80% of deaths in children under 2yo
- 2/3 of children under 3yo that are abused have TBIs *falls cause 1/2 of TBI in 0-14yo
◉domestic violence. Answer: 67% of women in domestic violence had TBI symptoms ◉Mild TBI. Answer: *concussion *LOC > 30 min *loss of memory >24hrs *CGS 13- 15 *normal CT or MRI *any AMS at time of incident ◉Moderate TBI. Answer: *LOC up to 24hrs *neuro signs of brain trauma
- CGS 9- 12 *may have focal findings on CT ◉Severe TBI. Answer: *LOC <24hrs *GCS 3- 8 ◉Screens for TBI. Answer: ACE - acute concussion eval HELPS WARCAT - warrior administered retrospective casualty assessment tool
◉CDC - Center for Disease Control. Answer: Carries out projects to reduce incidence of TBI ◉Rehabilitation act of 1973. Answer: Set foundation for state vocational rehab system, a federal/state supported system of services which assists persons with disabilities who are pursuing meaningful careers ◉Diffuse axonal injury. Answer: Severe brain injury caused by extreme shearing forces ◉Persistent post concussive symptoms. Answer: A complex disorder following a concussion, lasting for weeks or months, consisting of symptoms such as headaches or dizziness, Nausea, post Trumatic amnesia and GCS of 13/ Must be diagnosed by neuropsychologist ◉Somatization. Answer: The expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms ◉Chronic traumatic encephalopathy - CTE. Answer: Rare, progressive, degenerative condition of central nervous system that is seen and repetitive brain trauma Dementia, memory loss, aggression, confusion, depression
◉Hebbian Learning. Answer: Neurons that fire together, wire together ◉Experience independent learning. Answer: " use it or lose it" ◉Synaptogenesis. Answer: The process by which neurons form new connections ◉Disorders of consciousness. Answer: Coma, Vegetative State, minimally conscious state ◉Coma. Answer: * no evidence of arousal
- no response to internal or extrnal stimuli
- May have reflexive response
- resolves in 2 to 4 weeks ◉Vegetative state. Answer: Transition of severely brain damaged patients from a coma to wakefulness without awareness Can be months to years in this state ◉Minimally conscious state. Answer: condition in which someone has brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension
*risk factors: severe TBI, depressed skull fx , penetrating head injury, sub dural hematoma, entercerebral hematoma, epidural hematoma, portable contusion ◉Late post Trumatic seizures. Answer: * within 18 to 24 months however can be years later
- also called post dramatic epilepsy
- strongest risk factors are missile wounds, multiple contusions, multiple craniotomies ◉tension headache. Answer: nonmigraine headache in which pain is felt in all or part of the head *Trigeminal nerveC1-C3 nerve roots, occipital nerves ◉Cervicogenic Headache. Answer: Generated primarily from the cervical spine *C1 - C2 periorbital region *C2 - C3 parietal & frontal regions *C3 - C4 upper thoracic & lateral cervical region ◉Craniomandibular Headache. Answer: * subtype of tension headache that can cause difficulty with eating and talking ◉Nocioceptive pain. Answer: Pain related to peripheral nerves
◉neuropathic pain. Answer: Pain associated with primary lesion ◉neuralgia. Answer: nerve pain ◉Neuromas. Answer: Nerve endings adhered to scar tissue ◉Hydrocephalus ex vacuo. Answer: Appearance of increased CSF in atrophy. Intracranial pressure normal, brain smaller ◉Spasticity. Answer: Damage to upper motor neuron Faster and extremity is moved = stronger the spasm ◉heterotopic ossification. Answer: caused by bone formation in soft tissues ◉Dysautonomia. Answer: Imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS " autonomic storming"
- present with muscle over reactivity, posturing, dystonia, rigidity and spasticity
*ideational- unable to perform automatic tasks *buccofacial- limitations and performing purposeful movement of lips, cheeks, tongue, larynx and pharynx ◉central cord syndrome. Answer: Presents as weakness & numbness in arms
- results from fall in with neck in hyperextention or with arthritis or spondylosis
- bowel/bladder issues
- able to walk however unable to grasp things ◉Brown-Sequard Syndrome. Answer: 1 side of spinal cord injured Ipsilateral paralysis, loss of light touch sensation on side of lesion, loss of pain & temperature sensation on contralateral side ◉Anterior cord syndrome. Answer: Loss of muscle control, pain & temperature sensation below lesion No loss of proprioception or touch sensation ◉posterior cord syndrome. Answer: Strength with no proprioception
◉cognition. Answer: A complex collection of mental activities such as attention, perception, comprehension, remembering and language ◉Domains of cognition. Answer: Attention, categorization, memory, processing speed, executive functions, metacognition ◉Attention. Answer: Divided, alternating, selective, sustained, focused ◉Attention process training program (APT). Answer: Process specific approach to cognitive rehab. Hierarchy organized by difficulty ◉Categorization. Answer: Important in the speed of processing, problem-solving, and other higher order cognitive processes.
- BI pt tend to categorize by single attribute only ◉Stages of Memory. Answer: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval ◉Long term memory. Answer: Explicit vs implicit
*functional application is important ◉Cognitive Rehab - Restorative Approach. Answer: *repeated exposure & repetition through experience *therapeutic exercise to re-establish/strengthen specific cog skills ◉Principles of Cognitive Rehab. Answer: *tx of impairments must be hierarchical *basic cognition skills first *target attention, perception, categorization, abstract thinking, & memory ◉Stability Triangle. Answer: ◉Extinction. Answer: When a previously reinforced response no longer produces a consequence, leading to an eventual decline in rate ◉continuous reinforcement. Answer: the reinforcement of each and every correct response ◉intermittent reinforcement. Answer: reinforcement for some responses and not for others
◉Topography. Answer: What a behavior looks like physically ◉Behavior TX Approach. Answer: 1) assess behavior
- define target behavior
- collect data
- change behavior ◉Consequences. Answer: 4 types ◉Branches of Neuropsychology. Answer: Experimental - intact/healthy brain Clinical - brain with lesions ◉dual diagnosis. Answer: the client with both substance abuse and another psychiatric illness ◉Axis I disorders. Answer: Clinical disorders *major depressive disorder is most common ◉Axis II. Answer: Personality disorders and intellectual disabilities
Organic personality disorder ◉Frontal Lobe Syndrome. Answer: Symptoms of other psychiatric disorders including depression, psychosis, mood disorders and other various conditions however the patient does not recognize these conditions
- The difference between frontal lobe injury and regular depression is the patient's ability to recognize and acknowledge the deficit ◉SUD interventions. Answer: ◉Screens for SUD. Answer: *AUDIT - alcohol use disorder identification test *CAGE: yes or no questions *CRAFFT: screen for adolescents *ASSIST: alcohol, smoking and substance use involvement screening test ◉Cranial Nerves. Answer: ◉concomitant spinal cord injury. Answer: Present of co-occurring spinal cord injury and brain injury *60% of SCI pt's
◉Visual Functions. Answer: ◉Somatoagnosia. Answer: Lack of awareness of body structure and body part relationships ◉Meninges. Answer: ◉Vestibular conditions. Answer: *labrynththine concussion *post-traumatic Meniere's disease *basilar skull fx *vestibular migraine *perilymphatic fistula *benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) *B vestibular hypofunction *central vertigo ◉Olmstead Decision. Answer: A ruling made by the US Supreme Court requiring the provision of community based services with such services are available and not opposed by the patient in question, As opposed to being institutionalized. ◉TBI model systems of care. Answer: *16 centers in US
*questions information, reconsiders & forms new hypothesis ◉AHT/SBS. Answer: most common in infants and young children 0- 5years More common for boys to be victim ◉mTBI Adolescents. Answer: Student athletes with concussion must be evaluated, treated, and followed - up by health care professionals ◉Second Impact Syndrome. Answer: Can occur when an athlete sustains an initial concussion and then sustains a second head injury before the symptoms from the first have fully resolved ◉Tenet I. Answer: Current physical brain is related to the past physical state of our brain ◉Tenet II. Answer: Our psychological state is the result of a 3 part constant reciprocally interacting relationship ◉Moral Model of Disability. Answer: Oldest model Disability is result of sin, evil or character flaw
◉Biomedical Model of Disability. Answer: Uses objective, clear-cut, standardized measures and expert to provide finding characteristics, causes, prognosis and treatment 2 demential (normal vs. illness) ◉Environmental Model of Disability. Answer: Environment, social and physical can cause, defined or exaggerate a disability Prejudice, discrimination stigma lies with the environment and not the disability ◉Functional Model of Disability. Answer: Most individualized and personal model (patient centered care) Extend in consequences for disability in consideration of person specific interest and participation Emphasizes DMEs ◉sociopolitical model of Disability. Answer: Minority group for independent living model Disability is collective concern of society Societies responsibility for accommodating patient rather than the patient accommodating to society ◉Six principles of person centered care. Answer: Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, fidelity, justice, veracity
