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CBIS Review Questions
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is an injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or caused by birth. True or False - True Acquired brain injury (ABI) can include both traumatic (i.e., blow to the head) and non- traumatic (i.e. a stroke) injuries to the brain. True or False - True The CDC estimates that __________ people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year.
- 2.5 Million Causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) include all of the following, except: a. Fall b. Assault c. Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) d. Electric Shock e. Shaken Baby Syndrome - d. Electric Shock Metabolic imbalance, cell membrane permeability, and free radical generation are examples of: - Secondary injury events Which is not a risk factor for TBI? a. Age b. Alcohol use c. Helmet and seat belt use d. Domestic violence - c. Helmet and seat belt use Where is the Centre for Neuro Skills on the Brain Injury Continuum of Care? (Circle all that apply) a. In-patient Medical Care b. In-patient Acute Care c. Post-acute rehabilitation d. Community-based rehabilitation and long-term care - c. Post-acute rehabilitation d. Community-based rehabilitation and long-term care
The estimated annual cost for brain injury in the U.S. is: - $76.5 billion What court decision required people with disabilities to be served through cost-effective community based services? - The Olmstead Decision What is the most common type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and represents about 75% of all TBI's? - Mild TBI (mTBI)/Concussion A mild TBI (mTBI) includes all of the following except: a. Any period of loss of consciousness b. Any alteration in mental status c. Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13- d. Abnormal findings on CT or MRI - d. Abnormal findings on CT or MRI What is the most common complaint after a mild TBI (mTBI)? - Headache Most people, about 85-90%, report resolution of mTBI symptoms within 2-4 weeks of injury. True or False - True __________ is a rare, progressive, degenerative condition of the brain caused by repetitive brain trauma. - Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) The human brain weighs less than one pound at birth and grows to be about __________ pounds in an adult. - 3 pounds The reticular activating system is responsible for modulating arousal and alertness. True or False - True Broca's area is located in the __________ region and is responsible for __________. - Left frontal temporal region Speech Production The medulla is responsible for facial sensation/movements, hearing, and eye coordination. True or False - False The pons is responsible for facial sensation/movements, hearing, and eye coordination.
c. Change in continence d. All of the above - d. All of the above (Changes in gait, cognition, and continence) What should be considered when designing a treatment plan for increasing motor learning? a. Practice type b. Generalizability c. Resistance to contextual change d. All of the above - d. All of the above (Practice type, Generalizability, and Resistance to contextual change) Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the sensation of spinning with particular movements, such as rolling, bending over, changing positions in bed with no loss of hearing involved. True or False - True The percentage of individuals with a spinal cord injury who also have a traumatic brain injury is: - 60% of individuals with spinal cord injury also have a traumatic brain injury. An individual who is characterized as having no purposeful behaviors, no language expression or comprehension, no signs of awareness, but may grimace to pain is considered to be in what state? a. Coma b. Vegetative state c. Minimally conscious state - b. Vegetative state Generalized response to stimulation may include: a. Eye opening b. Nonspecific vocalization c. Visual tracking of an object d. both a & b - d. both a & b Eye opening & Nonspecific vocalization __________ fatigue occurs from factors that exacerbate fatigue such as sleep disturbances, pain, anxiety, etc. - Secondary fatigue The __________ is responsible for facial sensation/movements, hearing, and eye coordination. - Pons
__________ is an injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or caused by birth. - Acquired brain injury (ABI) __________ can include both traumatic (i.e., blow to the head) and non-traumatic (i.e. a stroke) injuries to the brain. - Acquired brain injury (ABI) Causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) include: - Fall, Assault, Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA), & Shaken Baby Syndrome Risk factors for TBI include: - Age, Alcohol use, & Domestic violence The __________ is the control center for thirst, hunger, sexual response, endocrine levels, and temperature regulation. - hypothalamus Sleep disturbances can be caused from: - Daytime napping, pain, & changes in REM sleep Physical strategies to improve energy include: a. Reducing work hours b. Reducing distractions c. Managing information overload d. All of the above - a. Reducing work hours Reducing distractions and Managing information overload are examples of cognitive strategies Cognition can be described as an individual's ability to mentally represent, organize, or manipulate the environment. True or False - False Cognition can be described as an individual's ability to mentally represent, organize, or manipulate INFORMATION __________ can be described as an individual's ability to mentally represent, organize, or manipulate information. - Cognition Cognitive processes include all of the following except: a. Attention b. Executive function
b. Compensatory - a. Restorative Factors that influence neuropsychiatric disorders include: a. Age b. Gender c. Injury severity d. Pre-morbid symptoms e. All of the above - e. All of the above (Age, Gender, Injury Severity, & Pre-morbid Symptoms) A diagnosis of one disease process or syndrome in addition to a set of symptoms, including behaviors, which are or resemble symptoms of a know psychiatric disorder is called: a. Person centered language b. Dual diagnosis c. Cyclothymia - b. Dual diagnosis __________ and depression were linked to poorer outcomes later in life post TBI. - Anxiety & Depression Those persons with severe injuries had __________ rates of depression secondary to lack of awareness. a. Higher b. Lower - b. Lower ("Ignorance is bliss....") The most common Axis I disorder in TBI is: a. Anxiety b. Depression c. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - b. Depression Studies have found links between _________ lobe injuries and depression. a. Frontal b. Temporal c. Parietal - a. Frontal lobe Anhedonia is: a. Loss of hair
b. Loss of interest c. Mood swings d. Form of anxiety - b. Loss of interest The traditional diagnosis for individuals who develop a personality disorder following TBI, exhibiting a change from the individual's pre-morbid personality is referred to as: a. Major Depressive Personality Disorder b. Adjustment Disorder c. Personality Disorder NOS d. Organic Personality Disorder - d. Organic Personality Disorder Mild TBI (mTBI) survivors who experience depression and anxiety perceive their illness as __________ regardless of their injury. a. Better b. More Severe c. Unimportant - b. More Severe A group of symptoms following a traumatic event, that my include re-experiencing the traumatic event, persistent avoidance of stimuli, increased arousal, anger issues, irritability and flashbacks is called: a. Generalized Anxiety Disorder b. Anxiety/Depressive Disorder c. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder d. Cyclothymic Disorder - c. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Studies suggest a correlation between Schizophrenia and TBI. True or False - True The more aware and more post traumatic memory a person has, the more likely it is they will experience PTSD symptoms. True or False - True Current research indicates for individuals receiving either TBI or substance misuse rehabilitation, __________ had a history of TBI and substance abuse. a. 1/ b. 2/ c. 90% - b. 2/
a. National Origin b. Biological or Physical Traits c. Social and Historical Aspects of a Group of People d. Any group that shares a theme or issue - d. Any group that shares a theme or issues Race has historically been used to group people based on biological or physical traits, but is now conceptualized by multiculturalists as sociorace. True or False - True With the understanding that cultural differences between patient and practitioner exist, it is important to take into account the level of: a. Assimilation and Acculturation b. Cognition and Biology c. Urban vs. Rural Living d. Introversion and Extroversion - a. Assimilation and Acculturation Many changes associated with normal aging can be managed with ___________. a. Cognitive and Educational Therapy b. Exercise and Activity c. Assistive Technology d. Counseling and Mediation. - c. Assistive Technology The number of TBI's related to _________ has surpassed motor vehicle accidents in older age groups. a. Suicide Attempts b. Medication Errors c. Alzheimer's Disease d. Falls - d. Falls To date, there is no definitive link between brain injury and future risk of Alzheimer's Disease. True or False - True There is sufficient evidence of a causal relationship between TBI and the following symptoms with exception of: a. TBI and Depression b. TBI and Aggression c. TBI and Memory Problems
d. TBI and Multiple Sclerosis e. TBI and Growth Hormone Deficiency - d. TBI and Multiple Sclerosis Which gender reported higher rates of depression, sexual dysfunction, and PTSD post TBI? - Women Which gender was observed to have worse outcomes on 85% of 20 variables studies post TBI? - Women Which gender is most likely to return to work post TBI? - Men Why is sexuality not fully addressed in rehab? a. Persons served have difficulty bringing the problem to the team. b. Treatment team does not view it as a priority in face of other rehab goals. c. Insurance companies will not reimburse facilities for this problem. d. Discomfort of patient discussing this with the team and family. e. All of the above. f. a, b & d - f. a, b, & d **Persons served have difficulty bringing the problem to the team. **Treatment team does not view it as a priority in the face of other rehab goals. **Discomfort of patient discussing this with the team and family. The term used to describe staff discomfort or inexperience with treating LGBT patients: a. Heterosexism b. Homophobia c. Benign Neglect - c. Benign Neglect TBI is the leading cause of death and acquired disability in children and adolescents in the US. The age group that is at the highest risk is: a. 0-4 yrs b. 15-19 yrs c. 5-10 yrs d. All of the above e. a & b f. None of the above - e. a & b (0-4 and 15-19 years) The age effect of brain injuries reveals that all listed are true except: a. Children bounce back even after a severe brain injury far better than adults. b. Children are more vulnerable to the effects of brain injury than adults.
c. Second Impact Syndrome d. Athlete's Neurotrauma - c. Second Impact Syndrome Students returning to school from brain trauma may require additional support of a 504 Accommodation Plan. This includes a specially designed, individual approach known as the __________. a. Individual Disability Education Act b. Individual Education Plan c. Special Needs Accommodation Plan - b. Individual Education Plan (IEP) Of those children who survive their injuries, _________% are considered mild, __________ % are considered moderate, and __________% are considered severe. a. 80%, 10%, 10% b. 50%, 25%, 25% c. 20%, 50%, 30% - a. 80% mild, 10% moderate, 10% severe The most frequently reported post-injury challenge to optimal family functioning include: a. Communication difficulties, changes in mood and emotional health, and unequal sharing of household duties. b. Physical and Sexual Changes c. Financial and Socio-cultural Changes - a. Communication difficulties, changes in mood and emotional health, and unequal sharing of household duties. Cognitive-Behavioral Family Theory tenets include: a. Triggers, Emotions, Behaviors b. Activating events, consequences, and behaviors c. Activating events, beliefs, and consequences of beliefs - c. Activating events, beliefs, and consequences of beliefs _________ theory is based on the notion that no matter how catastrophic the event, there are always individuals and families who rise above the expected negative outcomes. a. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy b. Existential Therapy c. Family Systems Theory d. Resilience Theory - d. Resilience Theory Frequently held stereotypes about families after brain injury include all with the exception of: a. Focusing on negative emotions will only make things worse.
b. The family clearly understands the persons limitations, impairments, and course of recovery. c. Survivors are not effective communicators. To get the truth, you must always check with someone else. d. Children who are injured at a younger age will have more difficulties than children injured later in life. e. The goal of rehabilitation is to return the individual and family to their pre-injury status. - d. Children who are injured at a younger age will have more difficulties than children injured later in life. Siblings of brain injured survivors often have their needs overlooked, but if they are doing well in school, they are probably fine. True or False - False Military personnel in combat are exposed to blast injuries which can impact the body at a velocity equal to that of the speed of sound. This is considered the __________ blast injury. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary - a. Primary The injury caused when the blast forces the body to the ground, a wall, or any other object is called __________ blast injury. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary - c. Tertiary Every service member preparing for deployment completes a 20-minute computerized __________ evaluation. a. Medical b. Neuropsychological c. Physical - b. Neuropsychological Recent studies indicate that up to 44% of service members with concussion may meet the diagnostic criteria for __________. a. Bipolar Disorder b. Acute Anxiety Disorder c. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - c. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Case management is a collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitating, care coordination, evaluation, and advocacy.
Competency refers to the mental ability to understand the nature and effect of one's decisions and acts. True or False - True A physician is able to deem an individual legally incompetent. True or False - False If an individual is conserved, it automatically means that the individual has lost their basic rights. True or False - False __________ is the willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain, or mental anguish. a. Abuse b. Neglect c. Exploitation d. None of the above - a. Abuse Why is outcome measurement important to do? a. Drives reimbursement and length of stay. b. Researchers require measurement to develop best practices. c. Assists stakeholders in making important decisions. d. All of the Above. e. a & c only - d. All of the above. (Drives reimbursement and length of stay, researchers require measurement to develop best practices, and assists stakeholders in making important decisions.) ________ measurements measure what they claim to measure. a. Reliable b. Valid c. Standard Deviation d. Normed - b. Valid _________ measurements yield similar results in different facilities. a. Reliable b. Valid c. Standard Deviation
d. Normed - a. Reliable The ________ is a widely used measure of level of consciousness which also serves as an indicator of severity of brain injury. Individuals are often assessed by paramedics and again by emergency personnel. a. Rancho Los Amigos b. Mayo Portland c. Living Status Scale d. Glasgow Coma Scale e. Occupational Status Scale - d. Glasgow Coma Scale Factors that contribute to poor employment outcomes include: a. Severity of injury b. History of substance abuse c. Minority status d. Behavioral dysregulation e. Older age at time of injury f. All of the above g. a, b, & c only - f. All of the above (Severity of injury, History of substance abuse, Minority status, Behavioral dysregulation, and older age at time of injury.) The Vocational Care Coordination Model is comprised of: a. Early medical and vocational rehab intervention b. Employer education c. Early work trials d. Referral to government sponsored programs e. One year follow up f. All of the above. g. a, b, c, & e - g. a, b, c, & e (Early medical and vocational rehab interventions, employer education, early work trials, and a one year follow up.) Services offered by Employment Specialists include all except: a. Encourages family to work alongside the individual b. Assessment c. Job development d. On the job training e. Long term follow up - a. Encourages family to work alongside the individual
