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etration of cone year Liquid Limit (LL) water content corresponding to 25 blows or 20 mm pen- water content wherein a soil starts to crumble when rolled into 1/8 inch diameter thread Excellent Rating of suitability number ranging from 0 - 10 Good Rating of suitability number ranging from 10 - 20 Fair Rating of suitability number ranging from 20 - 30 Poor Rating of suitability number ranging from 30 - 50 Brittle solid Rating of LI < 0 Plastic Rating of 0 < LI < 1 Liquid Rating of LI > 1 Interest amount of money earned by a given capital Simple Interest interest directly proportional to the length of time and the amount of principal borrowed Ordinary Simple Interest computed on the basis of one banker's year 360 days 1 banker's year Exact Simple Interest computed based on exact number of days interest is computed every end of each interest period Compound Interest and the interest earned for that period is added to the principal Nominal Rate of Interest periodic interest rate times the number of periods per Ettective Rate of Interest the actual rate of interest on the principal for one year consists of a series of equal payments made at equal intervals of time Plastic Limit (PL) Annuity
equal payments are made at the end of each payment period starting from the first period payment of the first amount is deferred a certain number of periods after the first payments are made at the start of each period, beginning from the first period Perpetuity periodic payments continue indefinitely a sequence consisting of end-of-period payments, where each payment increases or decreases by a constant value a sequence consisting of end-of-period payments, where Geometric Gradient Capitalized Cost each payment increases or decreases by a fixed percent- age sum of the first cost and the present worth of all future payments and replacements which is assumed to continue forever angles space between two rays that extend from a common point called the vertex acute angle less than 90 degrees obtuse angle greater than 90 degrees straight angle equal to 180 degrees reflex angle greater than 180 degrees complementary 2 angles whose sum is 90 degrees supplementary 2 angles whose sum is 180 degrees explementary or conjugate 2 angles whose sum is 360 degrees Period (T) interval over which the graph of a function repeats Annuity Due Ordinary Annuity Deferred Annuity Uniform Arithmetic Gradient
reaction. Recovery Period period required to recover the total investment a minimum return the company will accept on the money Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) it invests; same as the interest rate used for present worth, annual worth, and future worth analysis Payback Period (Payout Period) length of time required to recover fixed capital capital which is invested in acquiring fixed assets for busi- ness such as a building, equipment, machinery, etc. represents the amount of money utilized for financing day to day business operations a form of loan: the holder is the lender (creditor), the bond stock issuer is the borrower (debtor), and the coupon is the interest a type of security that signifies ownership in a corporation and represents a claim on part of the corporation's assets and earnings sequence a succession of numbers formed according to some fixed rule series indicated sum of a sequence of numbers It states that every body continues in its state of rest or of Newton's First Law Newton's Second Law uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled by an external agency acting on it. It states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the impressed force and it takes place in the direction of the force acting on it. Newton's Third Law It states that for every action there is an equal and opposite According to this law the state of rest or motion of the rigid body is unaltered if a force acting on the body is replaced fixed capital working capital
Principle of Transmissibility Parallelogram Law Triangle Law by another force of the same magnitude and direction but acting anywhere on the body along the line of action of the replaced force. The combined ettect of two forces may be represented by a single resultant force that is equivalent to the diagonal of a parallelogram which contains the two forces in adjacent legs. If two forces acting on a body are represented one after another by the sides of a triangle, their resultant is repre- sented by the closing side of the triangle taken from first point to the last point. Stable structure one that will not collapse when disturbed Stability capability to recover equilibrium Internally stable A structure that would maintain its shape if all reaction supports were removed. External Determinacy All of the external reaction component forces may be cal- culated using only static equilibrium. Internally unstable A structure that may still be stable if it has suflcient exter- nal support reactions. A structure for which the external reactions' component forces cannot be calculated using only equilibrium. Redundants the extra unknowns in indeterminate structures; its num- ber is also equal to the degree of indeterminacy Type of cable under distributed loads wherein the loading is distributed uniformly along the horizontal Type of cable under distributed loads wherein the loading is distributed along the length of the cable Truss Catenary Parabolic External Indeterminacy
longitude angular distance between the prime meridian and the meridian through the point ranges from 0 (at the prime meridian) to 180 degrees (eastward) and - 180 degrees (westward) bi-rectangular spherical triangle wherein 2 angles are right angles tri-rectangular spherical triangle wherein there are 3 right angles Porosity The ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of soil Degree of Saturation The ratio of the volume of water to the volume of voids 40 Atterberg limit tests is done on aggregates that pass through what sieve size? a lateral pressure exerted by the soil that causes a slight Active Soil Pressure movement of the wall AWAY from the retained soil ma- terials Passive Soil Pressure a lateral pressure exerted by the soil by moving the wall slightly TOWARDS the retained soil materials a pressure surge or wave resulting when a fluid (usually water hammer liquid but sometimes gas) in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change) celerity speed of pressure wave A defined surface on an airport prepared or suitable for Runway the landing or takeott of airplanes. Jerk The rate of change in acceleration (or less often, deceler- ation). Time elapsed between the front bumper of one vehicle Time Headway Delineators and the front bumper of the following vehicle passing a given point.
Roadside markers used to guide drivers through turns, especially at night or at times of poor visibility. They are light-retro-reflecting devices mounted a the side of the roadway to indicate roadway alignment. Guide signs Design Speed these inform and advise road users of directions, dis- tances, routes, the location of services for road users and points of interest. The maximum speed at which vehicles can continuously travel safely under favorable conditions Ballast Gravel used as the base below the track for rail. The layer of the pavement immediately below the binder Base course Waste Asphalt course or wearing course. The materials excavated and thrown away which is no longer necessary to form an embankment. A dark brown to black cementitious material solid or semi-solid in consistency, in which the predominating constituent is bitumen which occur in nature as residue in refining petroleum. Sounding Is the determination of water depth at a certain fixed point. Is the art of making measurements of the flow of water in open channels. A current or steady flow of water running along the earth's surface Stadia Stream Stream Gaging
Hydrographic Survey Peak Hour Volume Annual Average Daily Traflc Average Daily Traflc The process of widening, enlarging, clearing, or deepen- ing of channels in harbors, rivers and canals. Refer to surveying streams, lakes, reservoirs, harbors, oceans, and other bodies of water The maximum number of vehicles that pass a point on a highway during a period of 60 consecutive minutes. This volume is used for functional classification of highways, geometric design standard se- lection, capacity analysis, development of operational programs, and de- velopment of parking regulations. The average of 24-hour traflc counts collected every day in the year. These counts are used to estimate highway user revenues, com- pute accident rates, and establish traflc volume trends The average of 24-hour traflc counts collected over a number of days greater than one but less than a year, These counts are used for planning of highway activities, measuring current traflc demand and evaluating existing traflc flow Vehicle Miles of Travel
A measure of travel usage along a section of road. It is the product of the volume (ADT) and the length of roadway in miles to which the volume is applicable: This measure is used mainly as a base for allocating resources for maintenance and improvement of highways and to estab- lish highway system usage trends. Passing Sight Distance Minimum sight distance required on a two-lane, two-way highway that will permit a driver to complete a passing maneuver without colliding with an opposing vehicle and without cutting on the passed vehi- cle. Weaving conflict a conflict which occurs when vehicles cross paths by first merging and then diverging The length of super elevation development from zero Superelevation Run ott Breaking Distance cross-slope to full design super elevation in a circular curve alignment. Distance traveled by the vehicle after the application of the brakes until it will stop. Passing Sight Distance distance ahead that must be clear to permit safe passing The ratio between parallel forces divided by the normal Skid resistance and coeflcient of friction forces (in banking of curves). Volition Time time taken for final action
called: Dittraction The spread of energy along a wave crest is called: Refraction The bending of waves as they slowdown is called: Waves that have propagated beyond the initial winds that Swell generated them are called: Duration The time that the wind blows across the water: The highest tide which occurs at intervals of half a lunar Spring tides Neap tides month when the sun, moon and earth fall in line. The lowest tide of the month when the lines connecting the earth with the sun and the moon forms a right triangle, that is when the moon is in its quarter. The daily high waters are usually at their least height and the daily low waters their greatest height soon after the moon is in quadrature. Semi-diurnal Tide Tides that occur twice its lunar day is called: Wind The circulation of masses of air more or less parallel to the earth's surface The graphical representation of the direction, frequency Wind Rose and intensity of winds at a particular location over a period of time is known as: Beaufort's Scale A scale use to measure the intensity and free of winds is called: Higher high water The higher of the two high waters of any diurnal tide is ditterence in height between the mean higher high water and the mean lower low water Diurnal range
Mean range The height of the mean high water above mean low water: The mean of the height of mean high water above the Mean Sea Level Flood Current Tide Seiche Fetch Breakwater jetty mean low water is referred to as: The tidal current setting into the bays and estuaries along the coast is called: The regular periodic rise and fall of the surface of the seas, observable along their shores is called: The flow of seawater in the horizontal direction that ac- companies a tidal variation of sea level and thus periodic. It is a very long standing wave on a large but limited body of water gen- erally occurring when a storm dies down after producing a wind tide. The straight line stretch of open water available for wave growth without interruption of land is called: The structure that protects the harbor from stormy waves and permits calm in the harbor: A solid structure which projects into the sea perpendicular to the shore to berth vessels, is called: A platform built parallel to the shore within the harbor to berth vessels is called: quay wharf
space provided in large ports in front of berth to facilitate loading and unloading of cargo ocean port ports of call for large ships or ocean liners isolated area of ports where foreign goods are cleared through customs an isolated and enclosed area within which goods maybe free port landed, stored, mixed, repacked, manufactured and re- shipped without payment of duties and without interven- tion of custom oflcials inland port ports which are located at the entrance of a river A shore protection structure usually built perpendicular to groin aquifers laminar turbulent the coastline to retard littoral transport of sedimentary materials. Deep ground water deposits where underground water are available for water supply and irrigation is known as: In a fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross, the flow is said to be: A condition of flow characterized when fluid particles move in very irregular paths, causing an exchange of momentum for portion of the liquid to another is: occurs if the discharge Q passing a given cross section of a stream is constant with time This type of flow occurs if, with steady flow for a given uniform flow (^) length, or reach, of a stream, the average velocity at every cross-section is the same. It usually occurs to in- entry port steady flow
continuous flow Bernoulli Principle Torricelli Law compressible fluids flowing in a stream of constant cross section. By the principle of conservation of mass, this occurs when at any time, the discharge Q at every section of the stream is the same. A principle of flow measurement which states that the increase in kinetic energy per unit weight is equal to the decrease in the potential energy per unit weight, is known as: "The theoretical velocity of a jet of liquid issuing out of an orifice under a head of h being equal to the velocity of a free-falling body dropping through a height of h" is known as: Velocity Head The ditterence between the hydraulic grade line and en- ergy grade line is. Critical flow A type of open channel flow where the Froude Number is equal to 1. It defined as a conduit in which the liquid flows with a free surface subjected Open channel flow Weir to a atmosphere pressure. The flow is caused by the slope of the conduit and the liquid surface: It is an overflow structure built across an open channel for the purpose of measuring or controlling the flow. Hydrometer Analysis
equal. Degree a soil can be molded or reworked causing perma- nent deformation without rupturing. Liquid Limit Plastic limit Shrinkage Limit Compaction Optimum Moisture Content Vibroflotation Flow line is defined as the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as a liquid material and begins to flow. Is defined as the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as a plastic material: It is also defined as the moisture content at which the soil crumbles when rolled into a thread of 3.18 mm in diame- ter. Is defined as the moisture content at which no further volume change occurs with further reduction in moisture content. Is the densification of soil by removal of air, which requires mechanical energy. The moisture content at which the maximum dry unit weight of soil is attained. It is a technique for in situ densification of thick layers of loose granular soil deposits. Is a line along which water particle will travel from up- stream to the downstream side in the permeable soil medium. Equipotential Line A line along which the potential head at all points are Flow Nets 19 / 43
Are constructed to calculate the groundwater flow in the media that combine flow line and equipotential lines Ettective Stress Immediate settlement Primary consolidation settlement The sum of the vertical components of the forces devel- oped at the points of contact of the solid particles per unit cross sectional area of the soil mass. Caused by the elastic deformation of dry soil and of moist and saturated soils without any change in the moisture content. The result of volume change in saturated cohesive soils because of the expulsion of water that occupies the void spaces Secondary consolidation settlement The result of the plastic adjustment of soil fabrics. The internal resistance per unit area of the soil mass to Shear strength Overconsolidation ratio Unrestrained slope Subsurface exploration resist failure and sliding along any plane Ratio of preconsolidation pressure to present ettective overburden pressure. An exposed ground surface that stands at an angle with the horizontal. It is slope that can either be natural or constructed. The process of identifying the layers of deposits that un- derlie a proposed structure and their physical characteristics: Method of Slices
