cellular respiration, Slides of Cell Biology

Download cellular respiration and more Slides Cell Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Chapter 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration What is Glucose Metabolism? Answer: The breakdown of glucose to release energy from its chemical bonds + Light Energy6 CO2 Carbon Dioxide + 6 H2O Water = C6H12O6 Glucose + 6 O2 Oxygen Photosynthesis: = 6 CO2 Carbon Dioxide + 6 H2O Water C6H12O6 Glucose + 6 O2 Oxygen Glucose Metabolism: + Energy Chemical (40%) Heat (60%) Major Steps of Glucose Metabolism Glucose 1) Glycolysis (2 ATP) Pyruvate No oxygen present (Anaerobic) 2) Fermentation Ethanol Lactate Oxygen present (Aerobic) 3) Cellular Respiration(36 ATP) Carbon Dioxide Water Cytoplasm Mitochondria Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Major Steps in Glucose Metabolism: (Figure 8.1) 1) Glycolysis (Greek: “To break down a sweet”) • Ancient biochemical pathway (all organisms do it...) • Occurs in the cytoplasm; Does not require oxygen Two Major Components: A) Glucose Activation: Initiate the reaction (takes energy) 2 ATP 2 ADP (Activation Energy) C C C CCC Glucose CCC x 2 P Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration 1) Glycolysis (Greek: “To break down a sweet”) • Ancient biochemical pathway (all organisms do it...) • Occurs in the cytoplasm; Does not require oxygen Two Major Components: A) Glucose Activation: Initiate the reaction (takes energy) B) Energy Harvesting: Complete the reaction (makes energy) 4 ADP 4 ATP CCC x 2 P Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 2 NAD+ 2 NADH CCC x 2 Pyruvate Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration 2 Glycolysis in Review: Net ATP Gain = 2 ATP (similar to Figure 8.2) Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Major Steps of Glucose Metabolism Glucose 1) Glycolysis (2 ATP) Pyruvate No oxygen present (Anaerobic) 2) Fermentation Ethanol Lactate Oxygen present (Aerobic) 3) Cellular Respiration(36 ATP) Carbon Dioxide Water Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration 2) Fermentation: Process for regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis • Occurs in organisms which live where oxygen is rare • Intestines / stomach; soils / sediments / bogs Two Types of Fermentation: A) Lactate Fermentation: Pyruvate converted to lactate (lactic acid) CCC x 2 Lactate CCC x 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH 2 NAD+ (Back to glycolysis) Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Lactate Fermentation: Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration 2) Fermentation: Process for regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis • Occurs in organisms which live where oxygen is rare • Intestines / stomach; soils / sediments / bogs Two Types of Fermentation: A) Lactate Fermentation: Pyruvate converted to lactate (lactic acid) B) Alcoholic Fermentation: Pyruvate converted to ethanol and CO2 CCC x 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH 2 NAD+ (Back to glycolysis) CCC x 2 Ethanol x 2 Carbon Dioxide + Chapter 8: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration