Chapter 9 Review Worksheet – Cellular Respiration, Exercises of Cell Biology

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Chapter 9 Review Worksheet – Cellular Respiration

Energy in General

1. Differentiate an autotroph from a hetertroph as it relates to obtaining energy and the processes in this chapter.

Autotrophs = Produces (Produce their own food) Heterotrophs = Consumers (Consume their food)

Use the following diagram to answer questions2-

2. What is this molecule called? ATP
3. Why is this molecule important to living things?

ATP is the storage site for all the Heat Energy that is needed for life.

4. This molecule Stores energy to release energy the Bond Breaks between the last two phosphorus molecules are broken.
5. What is “left over” when energy is released from this molecule?

ADP + P

6.____Which of the following is a unit of energy? a. calorie c. glycolysis b. cytosol d. NAD+

Fermentation

7. Is fermentation a aerobic or anaerobic process? Explain. Anaerobic, fermentation is the breaking down of glucose when NO OXYGEN is PRESENT
8. Where does the pyruvic acid come from that enters into the process of fermentation?

Glycolysis

9. Compare and contrast the two types of fermentation. Alcoholic Fermentation = Happens in Fungus (Yeast) and some bacteria, and it produces Carbon Dioxide and ATP Lactic Acid = Happens in animals cells, what cause muscles to be sore, and produces Lactic Acid and ATP

10.____Yeast produce alcohol and CO 2 in the process of a. lactic acid fermentation c. alcoholic fermentation b. aerobic respiration d. glycolysis

11.____Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation produce a. a 2-carbon molecule from a 6-carbon molecule c. ATP from ADP and phosphate b. CO 2 from a three-carbon molecule d. NAD+^ from NADH and H+

12.____ When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, a. lactic acid is produced c. a large amount of ATP is formed b. NADH molecules split d. the Kreb’s Cycle occurs

Cellular Respiration

13. Is cellular respiration aerobic or anaerobic? Explain. Aerobic, Cellular Respiration breaks down Glucose into Energy in the PRESENCE of OXYGEN

14.____ When living cells break down the bonds holding molecules together, energy is a. stored as ADP. c. released as heat. b. stored as ATP. d. changed into glucose

15.____ In cellular respiration, the most energy is transferred during a. glycolysis. c. the Krebs cycle. b. lactic acid fermentation. d. the electron transport chain

16.____ Electrons are carried to the electron transport chain by a. ATP and NADH. c. ATP and NAD+. b. FADH 2 and NADH. d. NAD+^ and ATP.

17.____ Glycolysis begins with glucose and produces a. starch` c. acetyl CoA b. lactic acid d. pyruvic acid

18.____ What happens to electrons as they are transported along the electron transport chain and the H ion breaks off? a. They lose energy. c. They are moved out of the cell b. They gain energy. d. They combine with O2 and protons to form water.

19.____ Cellular respiration takes place in two stages: a. glycolysis and fermentation. c. glycolysis, then aerobic respiration. b. Stage 1 and Stage 2 of photosynthesis. d. anaerobic respiration, then glycolysis.

20.____ Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs cycle? a. CO 2 b. NADH c. FADH 2 d. Lactic Acid

21.____ Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration? a. electron transport c. glycolysis b. the Krebs cycle d. the Calvin cycle

22.____Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a. two phosphate groups c. ribose and a phosphate group b. adenine and ribose d. adenine and a phosphate group

23____Glycolysis takes place a. in the cytoplasm c. only if oxygen is present b. in the mitochondria d. only if oxygen is absent

24.____In cellular respiration, the most energy is created in which step? a. glycolysis c. Krebs cycle b. electron transport chain d. fermentation

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + MOLECULE A

25.____ The process shown in the equation above begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the a. cytoplasm. c. mitochondria. b. endoplasmic reticulum d. chloroplast.

26.____ The equation above summarizes the process known as a. photosynthesis. c. fermentation. b. protein breakdown. d. cellular respiration.

27____ The molecule referred to as “molecule A” in the equation above is a. NADPH. c. NADH. b. ATP. d. ADP

28. Fill in the in the blanks within the diagram of respiration below. The terms you will need to use are: Kreb’s cycle, fermentation, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, glucose and pyruvic acid

Energy in a Cell – Full Unit Review

Across

2. In cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that break down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules.
3. Chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
4. Molecules that absorb specific wavelength of sunlight.
5. In cellular respiration, series of reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP; energizes electron carriers that pass energized electrons on to the electron transport chain.
6. Process by which autotrophs, such as algae and plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and us this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars.
7. Series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized electrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released.

Down

1. Anaerobic process where cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as yeast.
2. Energy-storing molecule in cells composed of an adensosine molecule, a ribose sugar and three phoshate groups; energy is stored in the molecules's chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells.
3. Phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in the splitting of water and the release of oxygen.
4. Electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons, it becomes NADPH.
5. Reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during the light-dependent reactions where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons.
6. Light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except green.
7. Molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group from ATP; results in a large release of energy that is used for biological reactions.
8. Series of reactions during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from the light-dependent reactions.
9. Phase of photosynthesis where energy from light-dependent reactions is used to produce glucose and additional ATP molecules.