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THE OPTICS BLUEPRINT PELE A Visual Guide to the Reflection, Refraction, and Mechanics of Light. srt group of school, Muzaffarpur NATURE OF LIGHT SURFACE PHENOMENA LAWS OF REFLECTION Electromagnetic Wave | Dual Nature (Wave + Particle) | Speed in Vacuum: 3 x 1048 m/s | Incident Light be [ Reflection ] [ Refraction ] v [ Absorption ] Normal Angle of | Angle of Incidence | Reflection Zi Zr Reflected Ray Incident Ray Incident ray, normal, and reflected ray all lie in the exact same plane. | A\ NotebookLM THE ORIGIN SPHERE CONCAVE = Converging Mirror. Focus is real and in front. THE CORE RELATIONSHIP R y= 3 Focal length is exactly half the radius of curvature. CONVEX Diverging Mirror. Focus is virtual and behind. A\ NotebookLM CONCAVE: OBJECT AT INFINITY Image at Focus (Highly Diminished, Real). CONCAVE: CLOSE PROXIMITY Image behind Mirror (Enlarged, Virtual). CONCAVE USES Solar furnaces, TV Dish antennas, Shaving mirrors. CONVEX: THE CONSTANT Regardless of distance, image y is ALWAYS Virtual, Erect, ~ / and Diminished. I. Primary Use: Vehicle rear-view mirrors (wide field of view). A\ NotebookLM THE PHENOMENON THE LAWS OF REFRACTION ‘ ‘ NORMAL I L ! ; INCIDENT RAY Incident ray, refracted ray, and normal interface all lie in the same plane. (aS SE! \ SNELL’S LAW EMERGENT ao 7 i. sin(2) —— = constant Refraction: The bending of light due to a sin(r) change in speed when moving between different optical mediums. A\ NotebookLM e ABSOLUTE REFRACTIVE INDEX C =o | U Speed of Light in Vacuum RELATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX {| —— Medium 1 Medium 2 (v1) re) V1 nN = —~_, Sh aap Speed of Light in Medium fie eS aD a IN 7 \ i THE DIAMOND EXTREME Light slows down by a factor of 2.42 n ~— 2? 42 , when entering a ae e diamond from air, making it highly optically dense. I OPTICAL POWER 1 Combination Formula: = Se Unit: Dioptre (D) | “= f(in meters) Protat = Pi + Po + P3... (Minimizes optical defects in = . Concave Lens = -D Convex Lens = +D cameras and microscopes) ram WV ray La MIRROR FORMULA LENS FORMULA MAGNIFICATION (m) pele \j ™m Lu ue fe : Ree | ae Mirrors: m = ——= Lenses: m = — —e v = image distance —* u = object distance f = focal length If mis Negative > Real & Inverted. \\ If mis Positive > Virtual & Erect. t | | F | ] | A) NotebookLM 
