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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Mitochondria is uniparental through the mt- parent. Chloroplast mt- parent is lost. Antibiotic resistance phenotype of the mt+ parent is transmitted to the progeny TERM 2
cytoplasmic
inheritance
DEFINITION 2 Transmission of hereditary traits through self replicating factors in the cytoplasm-Ex. mitochondria, chloroplasts TERM 3
cytoplasmic male sterility
DEFINITION 3 Type of pollen abortion in maize with cytoplasmic inheritance through mitochondria. Transmitted through the female TERM 4
D-loop
DEFINITION 4 a DNA structure where the two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule are separated for a stretch and held apart by a third strand of DNA. Loop formed when part of a DNA strand is dislodged from a duplex molecule because of the partner strands pairing with another molecule TERM 5
endosymbiont theory
DEFINITION 5 concerns the origins of mitochondria and plastids. Mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally free living organisms that invaded ancestral eukaryotes, first as parasites, later becoming symbionts
extranuclear
inheritance
the transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus (in the cytoplasm). Usually indicated by uniparental inheritance, or transmission through only one parent. TERM 7
fertility restorer
DEFINITION 7 A suppressor of cytoplasmic male sterility. Gene or genotype that suppresses the cytoplasmic male sterility TERM 8
guide RNA
DEFINITION 8 the RNAs that guide the insertion or deletion of uridine residues into mitochondrial mRNAs in kinetoplastid protists in a process known as RNA editing. The RNA template present in Telomerase TERM 9
heteroplasmy
DEFINITION 9 the presence of a mixture of more than one type of an organellar genome (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or plastid DNA) within a cell or individual. The condition in which two or more genetically different types of mitochondria are present in the SAME cell TERM 10
homoplasmy
DEFINITION 10 the presence of a mutation affecting all of the mitochondrial DNA copies in a mammalian cell or chloroplast DNA in a plant cell.
maternal sex ratio
Aberrant sex ratio in certain Drosophila species caused by cytoplasmic transmission of a parasite that is lethal to male embryos Expressed as a deficiency of males among progeny. The bacterium that causes this contains a virus that inhibits the development of male embryos. TERM 17
mating type
DEFINITION 17 occur in eukaryotes that undergo sexual reproduction via isogamy (sexual reproduction by the fusion of similar gametes). TERM 18
MERRF Myoclonic epilepsy associate with
ragged-red muscle fibers (Phenotype)
DEFINITION 18 Mitochondrially inherited disease. Affects the central nervous system and skeletal muscles. Cause: A mutation in a tRNAlys gene encoded in mitochondrial DNA. Variable expressivity in persons with mutation is due to differences in the proportions of normal and mutant mitochondria in the cells of those affected TERM 19
neutral petite
DEFINITION 19 A strain of yeast with impaired respiration and small colonies resulting from a mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Show NON- Mendelian inheritance (4:0 segregation in ascospores) and result from large deletions in Mitochondrial DNA. TERM 20
paternal
inheritance
DEFINITION 20 Extranuclear inheritance of a trait through cytoplasmic factors or organelles contributed by the male gamete
petite mutant
A mutation in yeast resulting in slow growth and small colonies Can use ONLY ANAEROBIC metabolism TERM 22
position effect variegatinon
DEFINITION 22 Mosaic phenotype due to variation in the level of expression of a gene in different cell lineages owing to its position in the genome TERM 23
replicative segregation
DEFINITION 23 Mitochondria are partitioned along with the cytoplasm during cell division. The distribution of mutant and normal molecules in the daughter cells of heteroplasmic cell may be unequal. In the course of development and differentiation, different parts of the body may have different proportion of mutant molecules. TERM 24
RNA
editing
DEFINITION 24 Process in which certain nucleotides in the RNA are chemically changed to other nucleotides after transcription Chemical modification that can change the protein coding properties of an RNA transcript TERM 25
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S.
cerevisiae)
DEFINITION 25 shows small colonies on solid medium with glucose called petite mutants. Among types of petite mutants two major types can be distinguished by behavior in crosses with wildtype nonpetites.
X-linked
inheritance
The pattern of hereditary transmission of genes located in the X chromosome; usually evident from the production of nonidentical classes of progeny from reciprocal crosses TERM 32
Y-linked
inheritance
DEFINITION 32 When a phenotypic trait is determined by an allele (or gene) on the Y chromosome.
