Download Infectious Diseases and Sepsis: EMT Test Questions and Answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
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A patient with HIV who is a teacher tells you he has faced protests from parents who are against his continuing to teach. He has been receiving treatment with antiviral medication for a long time. What do you tell him? A. Perhaps he should consider a different kind of educational role. B. It's likely that his medication has mostly suppressed the virus. Your answer is correct. C. Those parents are right to be concerned for their children. D. He is still highly contagious, so better safe than sorry. - ANSWER - B For an infection of the skin to generalize to sepsis, what must there be? A. Decubitus ulcers B. Meningitis C. Abdominal surgery D. A significant opening Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D For which disease would prevention efforts focus on proper hand hygiene and food-preparation techniques? A. Hepatitis C B. Hepatitis B C. AIDS D. Hepatitis A Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D A patient with a compromised immune system is likely to have lowered: A. virulence. B. resistance. Your answer is correct. C. route. D. dose. - ANSWER - B Which statement regarding using signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome as criteria for identifying patients with sepsis is true? A. Trauma patients may present with two or more SIRS signs even without sepsis. Your answer is correct. B. Patients with sepsis will present with at least two of the SIRS criteria. C. SIRS criteria are extremely precise and predictive of sepsis most of the time. D. Patients without sepsis typically present with one or none of the SIRS criteria. - ANSWER - A What is a decubitus ulcer? A. An infection of the genitourinary system B. A pressure sore that results from staying in one position for too long Your answer is correct. C. An inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord D. A sign of a compromised immune system in a
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pneumonia patient - ANSWER - B Pertussis outbreaks have become more common in your state in recent years. If people express their concerns about this to you, what do you tell them? A. Antibiotics are the best means of prevention. B. The disease can be prevented by vaccination. Your answer is correct. C. People should avoid places like homeless shelters, nursing homes, and jails. D. People should wear N-95 respirators daily as a precautionary measure. - ANSWER - B In an adult with a documented or suspected infection, there is a higher risk of sepsis if the patient has __________ signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. A. four or more B. two or more Your answer is correct. C. three or more D. one or more - ANSWER - B In a patient experiencing sepsis who has not progressed to septic shock, you would expect to see which of the following? A. The ability to produce white blood cells may be limited or exhausted. Your answer is correct. B. Capillary permeability is causing internal fluid loss.
C.
The patient has become hypotensive. D. Vasodilation is preventing blood from returning to the heart. - ANSWER - A A patient tells you that he has heard that receiving flu vaccinations can often be harmful and rarely works anyway, so they should be avoided. What do you tell him? A. An influenza vaccination will protect against every type of flu in nearly all cases, and never has adverse effects. B. If you've had the flu before, then a vaccination isn't necessary, but otherwise everyone should be vaccinated once. C. An influenza vaccination won't always protect against every type of flu, but it rarely has adverse effects, and is often effective. Your answer is correct. D. Adverse effects from influenza vaccinations aren't that severe, so it's really not that much of a risk to get one - ANSWER - C What is the incubation period? A. The interval during which the body develops a response to infection B. The interval when the patient is shedding or releasing infectious material C. The time from exposure to a pathogen to development of first symptoms Your answer is correct. D. An overreaction of the body to infection that damages the body's own tissues - ANSWER - C
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C.
From the beginning of the incubation period until the end of treatment D. Only after the patient becomes symptomatic and for 10 days after that - ANSWER - B When the SARS outbreak occurred, what happened second? A. National and international agencies worked diligently to discover the microbes that cause the disease. Your answer is correct. B. Information was disseminated to healthcare providers and institutions so that it could be implemented. C. Healthcare workers implemented appropriate steps and significantly reduced the number of people who became infected and ill. D. Reports of outbreaks led to panic or near-panic states. - ANSWER - A Your partner is reluctant to treat a patient he learns is infected with HIV. What do you do? A. Advise the patient that safe prehospital care for HIV-infected patients is impossible. B. It's impossible for HIV to be transmitted from person to person, so he should relax. C. Agree to treat the patient while your partner prepares the ambulance for transport. D. Remind him that healthcare providers can avoid infection with Standard Precautions. Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D At a nursing home, there have been several recent cases of pneumococcal pneumonia. You learn from a resident of the home that visits there have sharply declined because of this. What do you say about this issue? A. Currently healthy people are at greatest risk for infection from this disease. B. Visitors are right to stay away until the exact cause has been determined. C. Most cases of infection from this disease occur from contact with visitors to places like nursing homes. D. Close contact for long periods is usually required for the infection to spread to a healthy person. Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D Sepsis can develop when an infection: A. incubates. B. is communicable. C. spreads. Your answer is correct. D. is resistant. - ANSWER - C Why are Standard Precautions necessary in addition to vaccinations to prevent the spread of disease? A. It is unknown how long the effects of vaccinations last. B. Vaccinations don't exist for every type of infection. Your answer is correct. C. Vaccinations only protect against bacterial
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infections. D. Vaccinations are often ineffective. - ANSWER - B Which is not a Standard Precaution? A. Protect the face and eyes when treating coughing patients. B. Dispose of soiled gloves in appropriate receptacles. C. Maintain a 10 - foot distance from infected persons. Your answer is correct. D. Wear a respiratory mask when a contagion is airborne. - ANSWER - C A patient displays swelling of his parotid glands, which makes you suspect mumps. You ask this patient when the onset of swelling occurred, because if this patient is sick with mumps, he should avoid contact with other people for __________ after the appearance of the swelling. A. 24 hours B. 2 weeks C. 3 months D. 5 days Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D Which statement regarding transmission of chickenpox is TRUE? A. Chickenpox is not very contagious, and typically only spreads through prolonged exposure.
B.
Chickenpox is transmissible only to individuals with a genetic susceptibility to the disease. C. Chickenpox is very contagious and easily spread by direct person-to-person contact. Your answer is correct. D. Chickenpox is ordinarily only a danger when in contact with contaminated food or feces. - ANSWER - C How does the dose affect the chances of infection following exposure? A. The number of microbes introduced affects the likelihood of illness. Your answer is correct. B. Some viruses that enter through the bloodstream are fatal. C. Swallowing a virus will not necessarily lead to infection. D. A person with a functioning immune system can fight off many infections. - ANSWER - A A measles outbreak occurs in the city where you work as an EMT. Which concern is valid regarding this disease? A. Measles is a danger because no effective vaccine exists. B. Measles patients should be quarantined with high-risk populations. C. Everyone in the area should receive immune globulin. D. Measles is an extremely contagious disease. Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D
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The strength of the microbe in combating the body's defenses is: A. pestilence. B. resistance. C. incubation. D. virulence. Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D What disease of the respiratory system is often implicated in causing sepsis? A. Prostatitis B. Meningitis C. Pneumonia Your answer is correct. D. Pancreatitis - ANSWER - C A patient who has a history of shingles continues to complain of pain several weeks after the rash has healed. Given this information, which is the best interpretation of the patient's complaint? A. The pain is likely psychosomatic, and not related to the shingles. B. The cause for the pain is some unreported problem. C. The patient is lying, and not experiencing any pain. D. The pain is likely a result of postherpetic neuralgia. Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D A patient presents with new-onset altered mental status and vital signs of T 101.3degrees F, P 90, R 20, and BP 90/60. Based on these stats and using SIRS criteria, do you give the emergency department a sepsis alert? A. Yes, because the temperature and altered mental status meet the SIRS criteria Your answer is correct. B. No, because only the temperature meets the SIRS criteria C. Yes, because both the temperature and blood pressure meet the SIRS criteria D. No, because only the blood pressure meets the SIRS criteria - ANSWER - A You are leading an educational session at a high school, and one of the students asks if AIDS can be spread by hugging. How do you respond? A. Admit that it's difficult to predict how HIV can be transmitted, so whether a hug is dangerous is unknown. B. Say that no, it can't be spread that way, and statements like this indicate discrimination against individuals with AIDS. C. The truth is that any contact with an AIDS patient carries a small risk of infection. D. Tell the student that isn't how AIDS spreads, and then summarize the routes of transmission. Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D
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Which is a Standard Precaution? A. Quarantining infected people into a confined area B. Avoiding contact with infected people C. Using disposable gloves Your answer is correct. D. Getting the appropriate vaccinations - ANSWER - C If a patient dies from a disease that was easily curable with an antibiotic several years ago, what has likely occurred? A. A virus is now causing the disease, and needs to be treated with an antiviral. B. The patient had complicating factors that increased the virulence of the disease. C. The bacteria causing the disease have become immune to the antibiotic. Your answer is correct. D. The patient was extremely old or young, or immunocompromised. - ANSWER - C A patient is infected with hepatitis A. She says she is afraid that other people hearing about her infection will think she is unclean. She insists that she observes good personal hygiene. What is the best response to this patient? A. The patient needs to wash her hands more carefully. B. Hepatitis A is a bloodborne illness, and doesn't have to do with hygiene. C. The patient could have ingested improperly prepared food. Your answer is correct. D. You need to make her infection publicly known as a safety measure. - ANSWER - C Other than Standard Precautions, what is the most effective method of preventing the spread of disease? A. Drinking 8dash 10 glasses of water daily B. Taking antibiotic drugs as a preventive measure C. Getting the appropriate vaccinations Your answer is correct. D. Using antibacterial soap whenever possible - ANSWER - C A patient presents with vital signs of T 100.1degrees F, P 118, R 30, and BP 100/60. Based on these stats and using SIRS criteria, do you give the emergency department a sepsis alert? A. Yes, because of the temperature and blood pressure findings B. Yes, because of the heart and respiratory rates Your answer is correct. C. No, because only the respiratory rate meets SIRS criteria D. No, because only the blood pressure finding meets SIRS criteria - ANSWER - B
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Which of the following best describes a difference between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the quick sepsis- related organ failure assessment (qSOFA)? A. SIRS creates a score based on the number of abnormal findings, whereas qSOFA uses the presence of two or more specific criteria. B. SIRS is used to predict the likelihood a patient will develop sepsis, whereas qSOFA is used to predict the likelihood of patient death from sepsis. Your answer is correct. C. SIRS is more commonly used in the intensive care setting, whereas qSOFA is more commonly used in field assessments. D. SIRS relies on the measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide to detect sepsis, whereas qSOFA uses a variety of measures. - ANSWER - B Which of the following patients is at the lowest risk of developing sepsis? A. An elderly patient who is recovering from abdominal surgery B. A patient with a compromised immune system who has a permanent gastrostomy tube C. A college-aged patient who breaks his arm in a skateboard crash Your answer is correct. D. A pediatric patient who has developed pneumonia in both lungs - ANSWER - C You are called to the scene of a patient with influenza. She tells you her symptoms started about 5 days ago and that she began taking antiviral medication 2 days ago. Her symptoms have not improved since taking the medication. What is the most likely reason the medication has been ineffective? A. Antiviral medications are not effective against the flu because it is caused by bacteria rather than a virus. B. Antiviral medications for the flu work against the strains of the virus that are expected to be prevalent that year, and the medication isn't effective against the strain this patient has. C. Antiviral medications for the flu must be started within 2 days of symptom onset to be effective. Your answer is correct. D. Antiviral medication is often ineffective because the flu virus is capable of rapidly mutating inside the body. - ANSWER - C You have been called to the scene of a single vehicle crash. The victim lost control of the vehicle on an icy road and hit a tree. He shows signs of facial injury with bleeding, but is conscious and aware of his surroundings. Before you begin providing care to him, he tells you that he has HIV and is currently taking medication that has helped suppress his viral load. Based on this information, which of the following actions should you take? A. Provide care without using precautions because his viral load is suppressed. B. Take Standard Precautions while providing care for the patient. Your answer is correct. C. Avoid direct contact with the patient but provide him with dressings he can apply himself. D. Call medical direction and ask how you should
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proceed. - ANSWER - B Which of the following statements about sepsis is true? A. The exact pathway for the development of sepsis remains unclear, and most cases do not have a clearly defined source. Your answer is correct. B. Infections of the lungs commonly lead to sepsis, but sepsis is not typically associated with cases of pneumonia. C. Patients who use urinary catheters are at a decreased risk of sepsis because catheter use makes it harder for microbes to enter the urinary tract. D. Treatment of sepsis has changed and improved over time, but the definition of the condition has remained relatively unchanged. - ANSWER - A Mumps infection is primarily spread through: A. saliva and droplets. Your answer is correct. B. blood and saliva. C. all body fluids. D. airborne droplets and direct contact. - ANSWER - A Which of the following most accurately describes the pathophysiology of sepsis? A. The body overreacts to an infection and secretes substances that hurt cells, tissues, and organs. Your answer is correct.
B.
Vasoconstriction and internal fluid retention lead to shock that does not respond to intravenous fluids. C. An infectious agent in the body multiplies very rapidly, overwhelming the body's natural immune response. D. More than one type of infectious agent invades the body, limiting the immune system's response to each agent. - ANSWER - A You have been called to the scene of a 19 - year- old college student who is at his parents' house for the weekend. The patient complains of sensitivity to light and nausea. He also has a headache and is covered in what appears to be a red rash that does not blanch when pressed. Your partner asks the patient to sit up straight and then bring his chin down to his chest. For which of the following diseases is your partner assessing this patient? A. Meningitis Your answer is correct. B. Hepatitis C C. Shingles D. Tuberculosis - ANSWER - A While caring for a patient known to have hepatitis B, you are splattered across the face with blood. You were not wearing eye protection at the time and some of the blood got onto your eyeball. You have never received your hepatitis B vaccination. Which of the following postexposure actions would not lower your risk of developing hepatitis B? A. Taking antiviral medication
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They report information about the outbreaks to the public and share information about the prevalence and spread of the conditions. D. They implement the steps outlined by the CDC and other agencies to reduce the number of people who become infected. Your answer is correct. - ANSWER - D You are called to the scene of a 13 - year-old male with a fever and cough. Upon assessment, you note a red blotch rash on the face and trunk, and small bluish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks. Based on this presentation, the patient likely has: A. hepatitis A. B. shingles. C. measles. Your answer is correct. D. chickenpox. - ANSWER - C According to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) system, which of the following criteria would not contribute to a patient's likelihood of developing sepsis? A. Temperature of 95.3degrees F B. Systolic blood pressure of 76 C. Heart rate of 87 Your answer is correct. D. Respiratory rate of 32 - ANSWER - C What is the most important thing you can do for a stable septic patient?
A.
Assess the patient using capnography. B. Notify the emergency department that the patient is septic. Your answer is correct. C. Open and maintain the patient's airway. D. Attempt to lower the patient's temperature. - ANSWER - B Which of the following statements about bacteria is false? A. Bacteria need to be inside the body in order to reproduce. Your answer is correct. B. Some bacteria inside the body are good and necessary to survival. C. Sepsis is a serious and sometimes deadly complication of bacterial infection. D. Over time, bacteria have developed resistance to some antibiotics. - ANSWER - A According to the signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which of the following infection patients has an increased risk of sepsis? A. A patient with a systolic blood pressure of 75 mmHg and a respiratory rate of 18 B. A patient with a heart rate of 88 and a temperature of 99.6degrees F C. A patient with a temperature of 95.4degrees F and a respiratory rate of 28
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Your answer is correct. D. A patient with respiratory rate of 19 and a heart rate of 112 - ANSWER - C
