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Chapter 06 Urinary System, Exams of Pathology

Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT)Pathology

Chapter 06 Urinary System Radiographic Pathology 7th Edition by Eisenberg

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 09/03/2024

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Chapter 06: Urinary System
Eisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 7th Edition
1. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
a. Lobule.
b. Nephron.
c. Glomerulus.
d. Ureterocele:
ANS: b. Nephron.
2. In an average person, the nephrons filter about L of water out of glomerular blood each
day.
a. 2
b. 10
c. 80
d. 190:
ANS: d. 190
3. Where does the formation of urine begin?
a. Nephrons.
b. Bowman's capsule. c. Glomerulus.
d. Distal convoluted tubule.:
ANS: c. Glomerulus.
4. Which of the following stimulates the rate of red blood cell production?
a. Erythropoietin.
b. Angiotensin.
c. Renin.
d. Aldosterone:
ANS: a. Erythropoietin.
5. A miniature replica of a kidney is termed
a. ectopic kidney
b. hypoplastic kidney
c. compensatory hypertrophy
d. supernumerary kidney:
ANS: b. hypoplastic kidney
6. A rare anomaly in which a kidney fails to develop is called
a. unilateral renal agenesis
b. hypoplastic kidney
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Chapter 06: Urinary System

Eisenberg: Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 7th Edition

  1. What is the functional unit of the kidney? a. Lobule. b. Nephron. c. Glomerulus. d. Ureterocele:

ANS: b. Nephron.

  1. In an average person, the nephrons filter about L of water out of glomerular blood each day. a. 2 b. 10 c. 80 d. 190:

ANS: d. 190

  1. Where does the formation of urine begin? a. Nephrons. b. Bowman's capsule. c. Glomerulus. d. Distal convoluted tubule.:

ANS: c. Glomerulus.

  1. Which of the following stimulates the rate of red blood cell production? a. Erythropoietin. b. Angiotensin. c. Renin. d. Aldosterone:

ANS: a. Erythropoietin.

  1. A miniature replica of a kidney is termed a. ectopic kidney b. hypoplastic kidney c. compensatory hypertrophy d. supernumerary kidney:

ANS: b. hypoplastic kidney

  1. A rare anomaly in which a kidney fails to develop is called a. unilateral renal agenesis b. hypoplastic kidney

c. compensatory hypertrophy d. supernumerary kidney:

ANS: a. unilateral renal agenesis

  1. What term is applied to an acquired condition that occurs when one kidney is required to do the job of two? a. Supernumerary kidney. b. Crossed ectopia. c. Compensatory hypertrophy. d. Hypoplastic kidney. ANS: c. Compensatory hypertrophy.
  2. A rare anomaly in which there is a third, rudimentary kidney is termed a. an ectopic kidney b. compensatory hypertrophy c. hypoplastic kidney d. supernumerary kidney: ANS: d. supernumerary kidney
  3. What is an ectopic kidney? a. A third, rudimentary kidney. b. A kidney that is not located in the normal location. c. A kidney that is enlarged because it has to do the job of both kidneys. d. The most common type of fusion anomaly: ANS: b. A kidney that is not located in the normal location.
  4. What is the most common type of fusion anomaly? a. Horseshoe kidney. b. Crossed ectopia. c. Doughnut kidney. d. Unilateral renal agenesis.: ANS: a. Horseshoe kidney.
  5. When the kidneys are fused at their lower poles, they are termed a(n) a. doughnut kidney b. lump kidney c. horseshoe kidney d. ectopic kidney: ANS: c. horseshoe kidney
  6. Refer to the image below. What developmental anomaly is demonstrated? (#12) a. Crossed ectopia. b. Horseshoe kidney. c. Unilateral renal agenesis. d. Supernumerary kidney: ANS: b. Horseshoe kidney.
  7. A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder is called a a. ureterocele
  1. Which type of severe infection occurs almost exclusively in diabetic patients and causes acute necrosis of the entire kidney? a. Cystitis. b. Papillary necrosis. c. Glomerulonephritis. d. Emphysematous pyelonephritis.: ANS: d. Emphysematous pyelonephritis.
  2. What is the most common hospital-acquired infection? a. Cystitis. b. Pyelonephritis. c. Vasculitis. d. Tuberculosis: ANS: a. Cystitis.
  3. Which imaging modality is the safest and most accurate in detecting renal calculi? a. Ultrasound. b. Excretory urography. c. Noncontrast helical CT. d. MRI.: ANS: c. Noncontrast helical CT.
  4. What term is applied to a renal calculus that completely fills the renal pelvis? a. Pelvolithiasis. b. Staghorn calculus. c. Pelvocalcinosis. d. Nephrocalcinosis.: ANS: b. Staghorn calculus.
  5. What is nephrocalcinosis? a. A condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma. b. A renal calculus that fills the entire renal pelvis. c. Excretion of calcium ions in the urine. d. A severe infection of the renal parenchyma: ANS: a. A condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma.
  6. Calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma are termed a. staghorn calculus b. nephrolithiasis c. nephrocalcinosis d. glomerulonephritis: ANS: c. nephrocalcinosis
  7. What is the cause of hydronephrosis? a. Chronic glomerulonephritis. b. Blockage above the level of the bladder.

c. Staghorn calculus. d. Aldosterone deficiency: ANS: b. Blockage above the level of the bladder.

  1. Blockage above the level of the bladder causes dilatation of the renal pelvicalyceal system, which is called a. glomerulonephritis b. cystitis c. hypernephroma d. hydronephrosis: ANS: d. hydronephrosis
  2. What population is most likely to develop stones in the urinary bladder? a. Children. b. Young adults. c. Elderly males. d. Diabetic persons: ANS: c. Elderly males.
  3. What is the most common unifocal mass of the kidney? a. Staghorn calculus. b. Hypernephroma. c. Nephrocalcinosis. d. Renal cyst.: ANS: d. Renal cyst.
  4. The most common renal neoplasm is a a. hypernephroma b. nephroblastoma c. pyelocarcinoma d. renal cell sarcoma: ANS: a. hypernephroma
  5. Which of these is a common symptom of a renal neoplasm? a. Hydronephrosis. b. Painless hematuria. c. Proteinuria. d. Renal neoplasms are asymptomatic.: ANS: b. Painless hematuria.
  6. What is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and child- hood? a. Hypernephroma. b. Wilms' tumor. c. Polycystic kidneys. d. Renal cell carcinoma.: ANS: b. Wilms' tumor.

d. Hypertrophic kidney: ANS: c. Ectopic kidney.

  1. Which urinary disease occurs almost exclusively in males and is defined as a thin transverse membrane that causes bladder outlet obstruction and may lead to severe hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and renal damage? a. Ureterocele. b. Posterior urethral valves. c. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. d. Polycystic kidney disease.: ANS: b. Posterior urethral valves.