Download Chapter 10 | PSYC 313 - Developmental Psych and more Quizzes Developmental Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
perspective taking
The ability to assume other people's perspectives and understand their thoughts and feelings. TERM 2
self-esteem
DEFINITION 2 The global evaluative dimension of the self. Also referred to as self-worth or self-image. TERM 3
self-concept
DEFINITION 3 Domain-specific evaluations of the self. TERM 4
self-efficacy
DEFINITION 4 The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes. TERM 5
preconventional reasoning
DEFINITION 5 The lowest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. The individual's moral reasoning is controlled primarily by external rewards and punishment.
heteronomous morality
Kohlberg's first stage of preconventional reasoning in which moral thinking is tied to punishment. TERM 7
individualism, instrumental purpose, and
exchange
DEFINITION 7 Kohlberg's second stage of preconventional reasoning. At this stage, individuals pursue their own interests but also let others do the same. TERM 8
conventional reasoning
DEFINITION 8 The second, or intermediate, level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. At this level, individuals abide by certain standards but they are the standards of others such as parents or the laws of society. TERM 9
mutual interpersonal expectations,
relationships, and interpersonal conformity
DEFINITION 9 Kohlberg's third stage of moral development. At this stage, individuals value trust, caring, and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgements. TERM 10
social systems morality
DEFINITION 10 The fourth stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Moral judgments are based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty.
social conventional reasoning
Thoughts about social consensus and convention, in contrast to moral reasoning, which stresses ethical issues. TERM 17
gender stereotypes
DEFINITION 17 Broad categories that reflect our impressions and beliefs about females and males. TERM 18
androgyny
DEFINITION 18 The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same individual. TERM 19
popular children
DEFINITION 19 Children who are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers. TERM 20
average children
DEFINITION 20 Children who receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from peers.
neglected children
Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers. TERM 22
rejected children
DEFINITION 22 Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers. TERM 23
controversial children
DEFINITION 23 Children who are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked. TERM 24
intimacy in friendships
DEFINITION 24 Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts. TERM 25
constructivist approach
DEFINITION 25 A learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher.
