Download Chapter 9 | PSYC 313 - Developmental Psych and more Quizzes Developmental Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
learning disability
Describes a child who has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language, and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing, and spelling. May involve difficulty in doing mathematics. TERM 2
dyslexia
DEFINITION 2 A category of learning disabilities involving a severe impairment in the ability to read and spell. TERM 3
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD)
DEFINITION 3 A disability in which children consistently show one or more of the following characteristics: (1) inattention, (2) hyperactivity, and (3) impulsivity. TERM 4
autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
DEFINITION 4 Also called pervasive developmental disorders, they range from the severe disorder to the milder disorder called Asperger syndrome. Characterized by problems in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. TERM 5
autistic disorder
DEFINITION 5 A severe disorder that has its onset in the first three years of life and includes deficiencies in social relationships, abnormalities in communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.
Asperger Syndrome
A relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interests and relationships. TERM 7
individualized education plan (IEP)
DEFINITION 7 A written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored to a child with a disability. TERM 8
least restrictive environment (LRE)
DEFINITION 8 A setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated. TERM 9
inclusion
DEFINITION 9 Educating a child with special education needs full-time in the regular classroom. TERM 10
seriation
DEFINITION 10 The concrete operation that involves ordering stimuli along a quantitative dimension(such as length).
critical thinking
Thinking reflectively and productively, as well as evaluating the evidence. TERM 17
creative thinking
DEFINITION 17 The ability to think in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems. TERM 18
convergent thinking
DEFINITION 18 Thinking that produces one correct answer and is characteristic of the kind of thinking tested by standardized intelligence tests. TERM 19
divergent thinking
DEFINITION 19 Thinking that produces many answers to the same question and is characteristic of creativity. TERM 20
brainstorming
DEFINITION 20 A technique in which individuals are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off each other's ideas, and say practically whatever comes to mind.
metacognition
Cognition about cognition, or knowing about knowing. TERM 22
intelligence
DEFINITION 22 Problem-solving skills and the ability to learn from and adapt to the experience of everyday life. TERM 23
individual differences
DEFINITION 23 The stable, consistent ways in which people are different from each other. TERM 24
mental age (MA)
DEFINITION 24 Binet's measure of an individual's level of mental development, compared with that of others. TERM 25
intelligence quotient (IQ)
DEFINITION 25 A person's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
organic retardation
Mental retardation that is caused by a genetic disorder or brain damage. TERM 32
cultural-familial retardation
DEFINITION 32 Retardation that is characterized by no evidence of organic brain damage, but the individual's IQ is generally between 50 and 70. TERM 33
gifted
DEFINITION 33 Having above-average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent for something. TERM 34
metalinguistic awareness
DEFINITION 34 Refers to knowledge about language, such as knowing what a preposition is or the ability to discuss the sounds of a language. TERM 35
whole-language approach
DEFINITION 35 An approach to reading instructions based on the idea that instruction should parallel children's natural language learning. Reading materials shoul be whole and meaningful.
phonics approach
The idea that reading instruction should teach the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.
