Download Glossary of Criminology and Criminal Justice Terms and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity!
corporate crime
illegal acts committed by corporate employees on behalf of the corporation and with its support. TERM 2
crime
DEFINITION 2 behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and other sanctions. TERM 3
criminal justice system
DEFINITION 3 the more than 55,000 local, state, and federal agencies that enforce laws, adjudicate crimes, and treat and rehabilitate criminals. TERM 4
criminology
DEFINITION 4 the systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system, including the police, courts, and prisons. TERM 5
deviance
DEFINITION 5 any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs.
differential association theory
the proposition that individuals have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently associate with persons who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity. TERM 7
illegitimate opportunity structures
DEFINITION 7 circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegitimate activities what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels. TERM 8
juvenile delinquency
DEFINITION 8 a violation of law or the commission of a status offense by young people. TERM 9
labeling theory
DEFINITION 9 the proposition that deviants are those people who have been successfully labeled as such by others. TERM 10
occupational (white-collar) crime
DEFINITION 10 illegal activities committed by people in the course of their employment or financial affairs.
secondary
deviance
the process that occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant accepts that new identity and continues the deviant behavior. TERM 17
social bond theory
DEFINITION 17 the proposition that the probability of deviant behavior increases when a person's ties to society are weakened or broken. TERM 18
social control
DEFINITION 18 systematic practices developed by social groups to encourage conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to discourage deviance. TERM 19
strain theory
DEFINITION 19 the proposition that people feel strain when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals. TERM 20
terrorism
DEFINITION 20 the calculated unlawful use of physical force or threats of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a government, organization, or individual for the purpose of gaining some political, religious, economic, or social objective.
tertiary
deviance
deviance that occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant seeks to normalize the behavior by relabeling it as non-deviant. TERM 22
victimless crimes
DEFINITION 22 crimes involving a willing exchange of illegal goods or services among adults. TERM 23
violent crime
DEFINITION 23 actions-murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault-involving force or the threat of force against others.
