Download BIOL 1013 BRCC Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers| Updated and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
BIOL 1013 BRCC Exam 2 Questions With
Correct Answers| Updated
energy The capacity to do work. Cellular work includes processes such as building complex molecules and moving substances into and out of the cell. biofuels renewable fuels made from living organisms fossil fuels Carbon-rich energy sources, such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal, which are formed from the compressed, fossilized remains of once-living organisms. chemical energy potential energy stored in the chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together conservation of energy The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another. potential energy stored energy kinetic energy energy due to motion
heat The kinetic energy generated by random movements of molecules or atoms. Photosynthesis The process by which plants and algae harness the energy of sunlight to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water. autotrophs Organisms such as plants, algae, and certain bacteria that can make their own food from inorganic starting materials (e.g., CO2). heterotrophs Organisms, such as humans and other animals, that obtain energy by consuming organic molecules that were produced by other organisms. Chloroplast The organelle in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. light energy a type of electromagnetic radiation that includes visible light photons Packets of light energy, each with a specific wavelength and quantity of energy. chlorophyll The pigment present in the green parts of plants that absorbs photons of light energy during the "photo" reactions of photosynthesis.
aerobic respiration A series of reactions that occurs in the presence of oxygen and converts energy stored in food into ATP. glycolysis A series of reactions that breaks down sugar into smaller units; glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and is the first stage of both aerobic respiration and fermentation. citric acid cycle A set of reactions that takes place in mitochondria and helps extract energy (in the form of high- energy electrons) from food; the second stage of aerobic respiration. NAD+ An electron carrier. NAD+ can accept electrons, becoming NADH in the process. electron transport chain The transfer of electrons that takes place in mitochondria and produces the bulk of ATP during aerobic respiration; the third stage of aerobic respiration. fermentation A series of chemical reactions beginning with glycolysis and taking place in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation produces far less ATP than does aerobic respiration. glycogen A complex animal carbohydrate, made up of linked chains of glucose molecules, that stores energy for short-term use.
Triglycerides A Type Of Lipid Found In Fat Cells That Stores Excess Energy For Long-Term Use. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) The Molecule Of Heredity, Common To All Life Forms, Passed From Parents To Offspring Chromosome A Single, Large DNA Molecule Wrapped Around Proteins. Chromosomes Are Located In The Nuclei Of Eukaryotic Cells. Nucleotide The Building Blocks Of DNA. Each Nucleotide Consists Of A Sugar, A Phosphate Group, And A Base. The Sequence Of Nucleotides (As, Cs, Gs, Ts) Along A DNA Strand Is Unique To Each Person. Double Helix The Spiral Structure Formed By Two Strands Of DNA Nucleotides Held Together By Hydrogen Bonds. Dna Profile A Visual Representation Of A Person's Unique DNA Sequence.
Genome One Complete Set Of Genetic Instructions Encoded In The DNA Of An Organism. Short Tandem Repeats (Strs) Sections Of A Chromosome In Which Short DNA Sequences Are Repeated. Gel Electrophoresis A Laboratory Technique That Separates Fragments Of DNA By Size. Ro Proteins A Macromolecule Made Up Of Repeating Subunits Called Amino Acids, Which Determine The Shape And Function Of A Protein. Proteins Play Many Critical Roles In Living Organisms. Amino Acids The Building Blocks Of Proteins. There Are 20 Different Amino Acids. Gene A Sequence Of DNA That Contains The Information To Make At Least One Protein.
Gene Expression Mark For Quizzing: The Process Of Using DNA Instructions To Make Proteins. Transgenic Refers To An Organism That Carries One Or More Genes From A Different Species. Regulatory Sequences The Part Of A Gene That Determines The Timing, Amount, And Location Of Protein Production. Coding Sequences Mark For Quizzing: The Part Of A Gene That Specifies The Amino Acid Sequence Of A Protein. Coding Sequences Determine The Identity, Shape, And Function Of Proteins. Recombinant Gene A Genetically Engineered Gene That Contains Portions Of Genes Not Naturally Found Together. Genetic Engineering Altering Or Manipulating The DNA Of Organisms By Modern Laboratory Techniques.
Makes Proteins Codon A Sequence Of Three Mrna Nucleotides That Specifies A Particular Amino Acid. Transfer RNA (Trna) A Type Of RNA That Transports Amino Acids To The Ribosome During Translation. Anticodon The Part Of A Trna Molecule That Binds To A Complementary Mrna Codon.Genetic Code Genetic Code The Set Of Rules Relating Particular Mrna Codons To Particular Amino Acids. Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) An Organism Whose Genome Has Been Altered Through Genetic Engineering Techniques, Often To Contain A Gene From Another Species. Gene Therapy Mark For Quizzing:
A Treatment That Aims To Cure, Treat, Or Prevent Human Disease By Replacing Defective Genes With Functional Ones. Autotroph Capture And Transform The Energy Of Sunlight By Photosynthesis Heterotroph Obtain Energy By Eating Other Organisms Photosynthesis Process By Which Plants And Other Autotrophs Use The Energy Of Sunlight To Make Energy Rich Molecules What Chemical Energy Is Made During Photosynthesis Light Energy Captured In Chemical Form Light Energy The Energy Of The Electromagnetic Spectrum Of Radiation Potential Energy Stored Energy In The Chemical Bonds
CO
Carbon Dioxide O Oxygen Photo Light Synthesis Putting Togetherwh What Does Photosynthesis Require? Water, Carbon Dioxide, Sunlight What Do Plant Cells Have That Animal Cells Don't? Cell Wall And Chloroplasts What Is Stage 1 Of Photosynthesis The Light Reactions
Chloroplasts Get Hit By Photons And Become Excited And Turn Into Energy Carrying Molecules Called ATP What Is The Equation For Photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O What Is The Second Stage Of Photosynthesis Energy From The Breakdown Of ATP Is Used In The Carbon Reactions To Fix Carbon Dioxide Into Organic Sugar Molecules Carbon Fixation Conversion Of Inorganic Gaseous Carbon Into An Organic Molecule Aerobic Respiration A Series Of Reactions That Convert Stored Food Energy Into ATP Why Are Americans Heavier Than Other People We Have Bigger Serving Sizes Body Mass Index (BMI) A Measure Of Body Weight Relative To Height And Weight
An Extreme Shortage Of Food List Ways To Help Reduce Weight Gain Working Out, Not Sitting As Long List The Macro Nutrients From Most To Least Energetic What Are The Four Stages Of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis, Link Reaction, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain What Are The Bases Of Nucleotides Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine Complimentary Base Pairing A, T, C, G Structure Of DNA Double Stranded Helix`
Steps Of DNA Replication
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination Steps Of Aerobic Respiration
- Glycolysis
- Krebs Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain Steps Of DNA Fingerprinting 1.A Sample DNA Is Collected And Cut Using Restriction Enzymes
- DNA Pieces Are 'Run' Through Gel Electrophoresis
- Gel Is Stained And X-Rayed To A Film PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction How Are Structure And Function Related? Structure Determines Function
Amino Acids Building Blocks Of Proteins A Linear Amino Acid Chain Primary Where Do Proteins Come From? Instructions To Make Proteins Are Encoded By Genes Spider Silk The Fibrous Protein Spun By Spiders For Making Webs, Drop Lines, Nest Building, And Other Uses. Alleles Different Forms Of A Gene Mrna Messenger RNA Genetically Modified Organisms
Crops That Carry New Traits That Have Been Inserted Through Advanced Genetic Engineering Methods Transgenic Organism Organisms That Contain Functional Recombinant DNA From A Different Organism How Many Parts Do Genes Have And What Are They 2, A Coding Sequence And A Regulatory Sequence Coding Sequence The Part Of A Gene That Specifies The Amino Acid Sequence Of A Protein. Coding Sequences Determine The Identity, Shape, And Function Of Proteins. Regulatory Sequence The Part Of A Gene That Determines The Timing, Amount, And Location Of Protein Production Amino Acid Sequence Rules By Which The Base Sequence Of A DNA Gene Is Translated Into Protein Structures What Determines The Shape And Function Of A Protein Amino Acid Sequence
