Cellular Respiration: ATP Formation from Organic Molecules, Study notes of Biology

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Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

1)Cellular respiration can best be described as

a) using energy released from breaking high-energy covalent bonds in organic molecules to force ATP formation from ADP and phosphate.

b) taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP.

c) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, using the energy released to drive ATP formation.

d) converting higher-energy organic molecules to lower-energy organic molecules and using the energy released to drive ATP formation.

2)Which statement about glycolysis is true?

a) It splits water.

b) It produces FADH 2.

c) It occurs in the cytosol.

d) It makes the most ATP compared to the other steps in the breakdown of glucose.

e) It splits lipids.

2)Which statement about glycolysis is true?

a) It splits water.

b) It produces FADH 2.

c) It occurs in the cytosol.

d) It makes the most ATP compared to the other steps in the breakdown of glucose.

e) It splits lipids.

3)Which statement about the citric acid cycle is true?

a) It occurs during the movement from the cytosol through the mitochondrial membranes.

b) It makes ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation.

c) It makes the most ATP compared to the other steps in the breakdown of glucose.

d) It occurs in the eukaryotic cytoplasm.

e) It splits glucose.

4)What do cells require to sustain high rates of glycolysis

under anaerobic conditions?

a) functioning mitochondria

b) oxygen

c) oxidative phosphorylation of ATP

d) NAD+

e) all of the above

5)Drugs known as uncouplers facilitate diffusion of protons

across the membrane. With an uncoupler, what will happen

to ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption if the rates of

glycolysis and the citric acid cycle stay the same?

a) Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will decrease.

b) ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption will greatly increase.

c) ATP synthesis will increase; oxygen consumption will decrease.

d) Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will increase.

e) ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption will stay roughly the same.

5)Drugs known as uncouplers facilitate diffusion of protons

across the membrane. With an uncoupler, what will happen

to ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption if the rates of

glycolysis and the citric acid cycle stay the same?

a) Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will decrease.

b) ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption will greatly increase.

c) ATP synthesis will increase; oxygen consumption will decrease.

d) Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will increase.

e) ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption will stay roughly the same.

6)The hydrogens taken from glucose or a breakdown

product of glucose are added to oxygen, releasing energy to

a) actively transport H+^ into the intermembrane space.

b) actively transport NAD+^ into the intermembrane space.

c) actively transport Na+^ into the matrix.

d) power facilitated diffusion of H+^ into the matrix.

e) actively transport H+^ into the matrix.

7)ATP synthase at the inner mitochondrial membrane

makes ATP and water from ADP and phosphate by coupling

this to which other process?

a) allowing H+^ to move down its electrochemical gradient

b) allowing H+^ to move against its electrochemical gradient

c) synthesis of H+

d) active transport of H+

e) active transport of Na+

8)Newborn mammals have a specialized tissue called brown

fat, where cells burn fat to CO 2 without capturing the energy

to reduce electron carriers or drive ATP formation. How

might this energy be used instead?

a) to synthesize glucose from CO 2

b) to directly power muscle contraction

c) to provide energy for endergonic biosynthetic reactions

d) to generate heat

8)Newborn mammals have a specialized tissue called brown

fat, where cells burn fat to CO 2 without capturing the energy

to reduce electron carriers or drive ATP formation. How

might this energy be used instead?

a) to synthesize glucose from CO 2

b) to directly power muscle contraction

c) to provide energy for endergonic biosynthetic reactions

d) to generate heat

9)What is the purpose of fermentation reactions?

a) to regenerate NAD+^ so glycolysis can continue

b) to make alcohol or lactic acid that cells can metabolize for energy under anaerobic conditions

c) to make additional ATP when respiration can’t make ATP fast enough

d) to slow down cellular oxygen consumption when oxygen is scarce

e) to make organic molecules that cells can store until oxygen becomes available

10)During intense exercise, muscles lack sufficient oxygen,

so which process will these muscles mainly use?

a) alcoholic fermentation

b) the citric acid cycle

c) only glycolysis, with NAD+^ not utilized

d) lactic acid fermentation

e) chemiosmosis