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CISCO CCNA v6 Chapter 1-
Router - Device that performs the function of determining the path that messages should take through internetworks wireless LAN - Area of the network that a college IT staff would most likely have to redesign as a direct result of many students bringing their own tablets and smartphones to school to access school resources? Easy to Create, Lacks Centralized Administration, Less cost to implement - Three Characteristics of a peer-to-peer network Distance a Selected medium can a successfully carry a signal, The environment where the selected medium is to be installed. - Two criteria that are used to help select a network medium from various network media. Direct the path of the data and Connect individual hosts to the network. - Two statements that describe intermediary devices Originate the data that flows through the network and the is the interface between humans and the communication network - Two functions of end devices on a network Internet - Type of network that a home user must access in order to do online shopping Intranet - An employee needs to access confidential pricing information from internal servers at a Head Office. What type of network would the employee access DSL and Cable - Two connection options that provide an always-on, high-bandwidth Internet connection to computers in a home office Cellular and Satellite - Two Internet connection options that does not require the physical cables to be run to the building Congestion - term that describes the state of a network when the demand on the network resources exceeds the available capacity Video Conferencing - Type of a network traffic that requires QoS
Bandwidth - Measure of the data carrying capacity of the media Data Confidentiality - Which data protection goal does implementing a policy that requires strong, complex passwords support Cloud computing - Applications can be accessed over the Internet by individual users or business using any device anywhere in the world Internet - Provides connections through interconnected global networks Powerline networking - Device that connects to an existing home LAN using an adapter and an existing electrical outlet Capturing of personal data that leads to identity theft - A security violation that would cause the most amount of damage to the life of a home user Implementing a firewall and installing an antivirus software - Which two actions would provide the minimum security requirements for implementing security on a small office converged - network capable of delivering voice, video, text and graphics over the same communication channels BYOD - refers to the policy that allows employees to use their personal devices in the business office to access the network and other resources podcast - audio-based medium that allows people to deliver their recordings to a wide audience social media - interactive websites where people create and share user-generated content with friends and family wiki - web pages that groups of people can edit and view together instant messaging - real-time communication between two or more people blog -
Fault-tolerant network - Network that can reroute traffic in case of device failure Tier 3 ISP - Act as local providers of service directly to end users VoIP - Type of traffic that must receive the highest priority from QoS Confidentiality and Availability - Primary requirements of Information and Security Kernel - provisions hardware resources to meet software requirements SSH - Which access method should be chosen for keeping the user ID, password, and session contents private when establish remote CLI connectivity with a switch to manage it. Use the console port to locally access the switch from a serial or USB interface of the PC - procedure used to access a CISCO 2960 switch when performing an initial configuration in a secure environment exit - command or key combination allows a user to return to the previous level in the command hierarchy user EXEC mode - This mode is displayed first when the router boots up displaying a list of all available commands within the current mode and determining which option, keyword, or argument is available for the entered command - two functions provided to users by the context-sensitive help feature of the CISCO IOS CLI Contents of the saved configuration file in the NVRAM - information that the show startup-config command display identify the device during remote access - reason to configure a hostname on a device encrypts passwords that are stored in router or switch configuration files - the way service password-encryption command enhance password security on Cisco router and switches banner - command that displays a message when a user accesses the switch issue the reload command without saving the running -
Multiple changes was made to the current router configuration file. The changes did not solve the problem and were not saved. What action can be taken to discard the changes and work with the file in NVRAM Affects the operation of the device immediately when modified - Statement about the running configuration file in a Cisco IOS device configuration that is actively running on the device is stored in the RAM and contents of RAM are lost during a power cycle - two characteristics of RAM on a Cisco device switch virtual interface - interface that allows remote management of a Layer 2 switch VLAN 1 - default interface for SVI on a Cisco switch to enable the switch to be managed remotely - reason why the Layer 2 switch needs an IP address ipconfig - command that is used on a Windows PC to see the IP configuration of that computer Is Preconfigured to use DHCP - The reason a PC was already able to connect to a network with no additional configuration if there is a connectivity with the destination device - What is being determined when issuing a ping command on a PC User EXEC Mode - First mode in IOS modes privileged EXEC mode - Second mode in IOS modes Global configuration mode - Third mode in IOS modes Line configuration mode - Final Mode in IOS modes Tab - Completes abbreviated commands and parameters space bar - displays the next screen up arrow - scrolls backwards through the previously entered commands
Client host and a server running different operating systems can successfully exchange data - Advantage of network devices using open standard protocols Application, Transport, Internet and Network Access Layers - Layers of the TCP/IP model that are used when transferring a file to the server Application, Presentation and Session - Three Layers of the OSI model that are comparable in function to the application layer of the TCP/IP model Network Layer - Layer of the OSI model where a logical address be encapsulated Frame - PDU format that is used when bits are received from the network medium by the NIC of a host Segment - PDU that is processed when a host computer is de-encapsulating a message at the transport layer of the TCP/IP model Frame with the destination MAC address of the router and a Packet with the destination IP address of the server - When a host is attempting to contact a server, these are the addressing that the host will generate in the process Destination MAC address - An address that an NIC use when deciding whether to accept a frame Host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks - This will occur when the default gateway address is incorrectly configured on a host Default Gateway of a host Computer - The logical address of the router interface on the same network as the host computer Message encoding - the process of converting information from one format into another acceptable transmission Message encapsulation - process of placing one message format inside another message format Message sizing - process of breaking up a long message into individual pieces before being sent over the network Application protocol - Governing the way a web server and a web client interact
Internet protocol - taking the segments from the transport protocol, encapsulating them into packets and assigning them with appropriate addresses Network access protocol - preparing packets to be transmitted over the network media Transport protocol - managing the individual conversation between web servers and web clients ISOC - This organization promotes the open development, evolution and use of the Internet throughout the world ISO - This organization is the largest developer of international standards in the world for a wide variety of products and services. It is known of its Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model IANA - Organization that is responsible for overseeing and managing IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers VTY Lines - Allows access to a Cisco device through Telnet ping command - Used to verify the internal IP configuration on a local host Console Port - Type of connection to a Cisco IOS switch is used to make the initial configuration Show? - A command that will display a list of keywords available for viewing the status of an IOS switch Command - What is initially entered at the CLI of the Cisco IOS when typing command sequence Configuring VTY password - primary defense against unauthorized remote access to network devices Source, Destination and Channel - Three elements of communication encoding - .process of converting information into another acceptable form for transmission segmenting -
Network Access Protocol - Protocol that describes the communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data on the network media Presentation - OSI reference model layer that is responsible for common representation of the data transferred between application layer and services File Transfer Protocol - Application layer protocol that allows users on one network to reliably transfer files to and from a host on another network Bit, Frame, Packet, Segment, Data - Correct order of data decapsulation Data, Segment, Packet, Frame, Bit - Correct order of data encapsulation Distinguish data bits from control bits and identify where the frame starts and ends - Two reasons for physical layer protocols to use frame encoding techniques Throughput - the measure of the bits transferred across the media over a given period of time EMI and RFI - Two factors that may interfere with the copper cabling and result in signal distortion and data corruption Crosstalk - the distortion of the transmitted messages from signals carried in adjacent wires Twisting the wires together into pairs - Technique used with UTP cable to help protect against signal interference from crosstalk It is able to carry signals much farther than copper cabling - One advantage of fiber optic Allow of full-duplex connectivity - Reason why two strands for fiber used for a single fiber optic connection Security, Interference, Coverage Area - Three areas of concern that should be accounted for when building a wireless network Data Link - Layer of the OSI models that is responsible for specifying the encapsulation method used for specific types of media
Accepts Layer 3 packets and encapsulates then into frames and provides media access control and performs error detection - Two Services performed by the data link layer of the OSI model Logical Topologies - Refers to how a network transfers data between devices Extended Star Topology - End devices connect to a central intermediate device, which in turn connects to other central intermediate devices Error Detection - Contained in the trailer of a data-link frame The transmitting node inserts a start and stop bits into the frame - The way a receiving node identifies the beginning and end of a frame Verify the integrity of the received frame - The function of the CRC value that is found in the FCS field of a frame Bandwidth - the capacity of a medium to carry data Kilobits per second or Megabits per second - How bandwidths are measured LLC - Acronym that is used to reference the data link sublayers that identifies the network layer protocol encapsulated in the frame Hybrid Topology - Physical topology that is a variation or combination of a point-to-point hub and spoke, or mesh topology Multimode Fiber - LED as light source Multimode Fiber - several paths of lights into the fiber Multimode Fiber - Generally used with LANS Single-mode FIber - only one ray if light into the fiber Single-mode Fiber - Generally used for campus backbone Single-mode Fiber -
Network attackers could manipulate MAC address and IP address mappings in ARP messages with the intent of intercepting network traffic - Potential Network Problems that can result from ARP operation (2) Runt - it is a collision fragment where a frame is fewer than 64 bytes in length Port-based - On a Cisco switch, ______ memory buffering is used to buffer frames in queues to specific incoming and outgoing ports Spoofing - A technique that is used to send fake ARP messages to other hosts in the LAN, the aim is to associate IP addresses to the wrong MAC addresses Cut-through - Has low latency Cut-through - may forward runt frames Cut-through - begins forwarding when the destination address is received store-and-forward - always stores the entire frame store-and-forward - checks the CRC before forwarding store-and-forward - Checks the frame length before forwarding
