Common System Components
•Process Management
•Main Memory Management
•File Management
•I/O System Management
•Secondary Management
•Networking
•Protection System
•Command-Interpreter System
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Common System Components - Operating Systems, Distributed Computation - Lecture Slides, Slides of Operating Systems
During the course of work of the Operating Systems, Distributed Computation, we learn the core of the programming. The main points disucss in these lecture slides are:Common System Components, Process Management, Memory Management, File Management, System Management, Protection System, Command-Interpreter System, Secondary Management, Networking, Storage Device, Mapping Files
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Common System Components
- Process Management
- Main Memory Management
- File Management
- I/O System Management
- Secondary Management
- Networking
- Protection System
- Command-Interpreter System
Process Management
- A process
- is a program in execution.
- needs certain resources, including CPU time, memory, files, and I/O devices, to accomplish its task.
- The OS’s responsibility in process management:
- Process creation, deletion, suspension and resumption.
- Provision of mechanisms for:
- process synchronization
- process communication
Main-Memory Management
- The OS’s responsibility with memory
management:
- Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom.
- Decide which processes to load when memory space becomes available.
- Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed.
File Management
- A file is a collection of related information.
- Files usually represent programs (both source
and object forms) and data.
- The OS’s responsibility with file management:
- File creation and deletion.
- Directory creation and deletion.
- Support of primitives for manipulating files and directories.
- Mapping files onto secondary storage.
- File backup on stable (nonvolatile) storage media.
Secondary-Storage Management
- Main memory is volatile and too small. OS must provide secondary storage to back up main memory.
- Most modern computer systems use disks as the principle on-line storage medium, for both programs and data.
- The OS’s responsibilty with disk management:
- Free space management
- Storage allocation
- Disk scheduling
Networking (Distributed Systems)
- Distributed system:
- a collection processors that do not share memory or a clock.
- each processor has its own local memory.
- The processors in the system are connected
through a communication network.
- ethernet, dial-up, Infiniband, satellite, whatever
Protection System
- Protection refers to a mechanism for controlling
access by programs, processes, or users to both
system and user resources.
- The protection mechanism must:
- distinguish between authorized and unauthorized usage.
- specify the controls to be imposed.
- provide a means of enforcement.
Note: This goes beyond kernel/user-mode protection
Command-Interpreter System
- Many commands are given to the operating
system by control statements which deal with:
- process creation and management
- I/O handling
- secondary-storage management
- main-memory management
- file-system access
- protection
- networking
Operating System Services
- Program execution
- system capability to load a program into memory and to run it.
- I/O operations
- since user programs cannot execute I/O operations directly, the OS must provide I/O.
- File-system manipulation
- program capability to read, write, create, and delete files. Docsity.com
Operating System Services
- Communications
- exchange of information between processes
- executing either on the same computer or on different systems on a network.
- implemented via shared memory or message passing.
- Error detection
- ensure correct computing by detecting errors in the CPU and memory hardware, in I/O devices, orDocsity.com
SYSTEM CALLS
System Calls
- Provide the interface between a running
program and the OS.
- Generally available as assembly-language instructions.
- Languages defined to replace assembly language for systems programming allow system calls to be made directly (e.g., C, C++)
Passing of Parameters As A Table