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(HIDs) Human interface devices or Input devices - ANSare peripherals that enable the user to enter data and select commands. (PAT) Portable Appliance Testing - ANSDevice that ensures that a device is safe to use. The frequency will depend on the environment in which the device is used. (SFF) small form factor case - ANSdesigns are semi-portable, space-saving designs typically used for domestic entertainment or Media Center systems that will not look out of place in a living room.They are usually cube-like or slimline. SFF-cases can hold only a limited number of components. (TB)thunderbolt - ANSInterface developed by Intel and is primarily used on Apple workstations and laptops. Thunderbolt can be used as a display interface (like DisplayPort or HDMI) and as a general peripheral interface(like USB). 2.4-GHz band - ANSThe range of radio frequencies from 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz. The 2.4 GHz band, which allows for 11 unlicensed channels, is used by WLANs that follow the popular 802.11b and 802.11g standards. However, it is also used for cordless telephone and other transmissions, making the 2.4 GHz band more susceptible to interference than the 5-GHz band. 32 bit address bus - ANScan access a 4GB address space, 36 bit expands to 64 GB 3D print process - ANSBuilds a solid object from successive layers of material. The material is typically some sort of plastic but there are printer types that can work with rubber, carbon fiber, or metal alloys too. 3D printer types - ANSfused filament fabrication (FFF) also known as fused deposition modeling (FDM), lays down layers of filament at high temperature. -Print bed/build plate - a flat glass plate onto which the material is extruded. The bed is usually
heated to prevent the material from warping. Bed/build surface - a sheet placed onto the base plate to hold the object position while printing, but allow its removal on completion. Exturder- the equivalent of a print head in a n inkjet. Gears/motors/motion control - enable precise positioning of the extruder. Fan - cools the melted plastic where necessary to shape the object correctly. 5-GHz band - ANSUsed by newer types of WLANs. A range of frequencies that comprises four frequency bands: 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.8GHz. It consists of 24 unlicensed bands, each 20 MHz wide. This band is used by WLANs that follow the 802.11a and 802.11n standards. 802.11 - ANSA series of network standards that specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other. 2.4 GHz and 5GHz bands 802.11ac - ANSA wireless standard that operates at 5GHz and claims to provide wireless speeds of 1Gbps or higher. 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) - ANSpowered devices can draw up to about 13 @ W over the link. Industry-standard method of supplying power over an Ethernet cable to attached devices. 802.3at (PoE+) - ANSpowered devices can draw up to about 25 W. A built in laptop display will be one of three types: - ANS-LCD(TFT) with fluorescent backlight- This has been the standard display technology for the last few years. The backlight is a fluorescent bulb that illuminates the image making it bright and clear. An inverter supplies the correct AC voltage to the backlight from the laptop's DC power circuits. -LCD with LED backlight- manufactures are increasingly switching to this technology. LED backlights do not require an inverter. -OLED- this technology is expensive at the screen size required by laptops and there are issues with power draw and battery life. OLED has nor really been mainstream for laptop displays. a mobile VPN - ANSis one that can maintain the VPN link across multiple carrier networks, where the IP
takes the processor to read data, instructions, and information from memory ad hoc mode - ANSstations can also be configured to connect directly to one another. With older network standards, this is referred to as ad-hoc mode. Such peer to peer connections are now more likely to be implemented as Wi-fi Direct, which has the advantage of automatically configuring a secure link between the stations. Adapter Card (Expansion Card) - ANSAn adapter card is any internal expansion card that allows the computer to communicate with another peripheral. A good example is a monitor or a video card. Expansion card, Hardware terms, Internal. Add-on card - ANSAdding cards like graphic cards or network cards to improve computer specific performance Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) - ANSPart of the TCP/IP protocol for determining the MAC address based on the IP address. ARP finds the MAC(network adapter) address associated with an IP address. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
- ANSA block cipher created in the late 1990s that uses a 128-bit block size and a 128-, 192-, or 256-bit key size. Practically uncrackable. Much stronger than RC4/TKIP. Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) - ANSAn efficient way for motherboardsmother- boards to work with SATA host bus adapters. Using AHCI unlocks some of the advanced features of SATA, such as hot-swapping and native command queuing. Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) - ANSMeasures 12"x9.6" Have an integrated port cluster on the back can contain up to 7 expansion slots RAM slots and expansion bus slots are perpendicular to each other agent - ANSis a process running on a switch, router, server, or other SNMP(simple network management protocol) compatible network device. This agent maintains a database called a Management information Base (MIB) that holds statistics relating to the activity of the device. airplane mode - ANSA setting within a mobile device that disables the
cellular, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth antennas so the device cannot transmit signals. all-in- one units - ANSAll in one means that all the computer components, except the keyboard and mouse, are contained within the monitor case. Alternating Current (AC) - ANS(flows in both directions around the circuit) rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction An inkjet - ANSor more generally ink dispersion- printer form images by firing microscopic droplets of liquid ink out of nozzles mounted together on a carriage assembly that moves back and forth across the paper. -inkjets work by firing microscopic droplets of ink about 50 microns in size at the paper. analog - ANSa device or system that represents changing values as continuously variable physical quantities Android application package (APK) - ANSThe format used by Android apps for distributing the app in a package of files wrapped into one file with an .apk file extension. anti static packaging - ANSincludes either anti-ESD shielding or dissipative material. anti-esd service mat - ANSsensitive components can be placed on the mat safely. the mats contain a snap that you connect to the wrist or leg strap. Anti-ESD Shielding - ANSthis packaging reduces the risk of ESD because it is coated with a conductive material(such as a nickel compound). This matierail prevents static electricity form discharging through the inside of the bag Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) - ANSProtocol developed by Apple to facilitate file transfers between computers. It is no longer the default protocol used by Mac OS X. Application Virtualization - ANSis a more limited type of VDI. Rather than run the whole client desktop as virtual platform, the client either accesses a particular application hosted on a server or streams the application from the server to the client for local processing. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - ANSThe part of the central processing unit that performs arithmetic computations
that are using APIPA, but cannot reach other networks or communicate with hosts that have managed to obtain a valid DHCP lease. autosheet feeder (ASF) mechanism
- ANSThe paper pickup mechanism is quite similar to that of laser printer. Paper is fed into the printer by an AutoSheet Feeder (ASF) mechanism. Backed up print queue - ANSmeans that there are lots of jobs pending but not printing. The might occur because printer is offline or out of paper or ink/toner. It could also occur because of an error processing a particular print job. You can try to delete the print job from the print queue that you suspect is causing the problem. If this does not fix the problem, you will need to stop and restart the print queue. This will result in all jobs in the print queue being deleted. All users will have to resubmit their print jobs.
- print server not working -spooler crash -restart spooler (in windows) barcode scanner - ANSis a handheld or pen-shaped device designed to scan barcodes. A barcode is a pattern of different sized parallel bars, typically representing a product number, such as an ISBN, IAN/EAN, or UPC. the reader uses a sensor mechanism (one of a photo diode, laser, or CCD) to read the intensity of light reflected back by the barcode. The reader then reports the number back to application software, which links it to a product database. Barcode scanners are connected to a computer using a USB port. Baseband Update - ANSmodifies the firmware of the radio modem used for cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, and GPS connectivity. An update to a mobile phones baseband OS which manages all wireless communication. Basic Rate Interface (BRI) - ANSA BRI circuit contains two 64-kbps B channels and one 16-Kbps D channel. Although such a circuit can carry two simultaneous voice conversations, the two B channels can be logically bonded together into a single virtual circuit (by using PPP's multilink interface feature) to offer a 128-kbps data path. Basic Service Set
Identifier (BSSID) - ANSPresent in almost all 802.11 frames, used to distinguish traffic between networks with identical SSIDs. Typically the MAC address of the AP Batteries - ANSswollen or leaking bateries from laptop computers or within cell phones tablets must be handled very carefully and stored within appropriate containers. Use gloves and safety goggles to minimize any risk of burns. blacklists - ANSContent filtering works on the basis of blacklists of URLs that are known to harbor a particular type of content. There will be separate blacklist for different types of content that users might want to block. There are also blacklists of sites known to host malware. The firewall will block any IP address or domain name appearing on a blacklist for which a filter has been configured. Bluetooth - ANSis a short-range (up to about 10m) radio link, working at a nominal rate of up to about 3 Mbps (for v2.0+EDR) the latest versions of Bluetooth support a 24 Mbps data rate by negotiating a higher bandwidth link using the Wi-Fi radio. Bluetooth is used for so- called Personal Area networks (PANs) to share data with a PC, connect to a printer, use a wireless headset, and so on. Bluetooth - ANSRange is 10m(30ft) at 2.4 ghz Uses radio communications and supports speed up to 3Mbps. Adapters supporting version 3 or 4 of the standard can achieve faster rates up to 24 Mbps. Though the ability to negotiate an 802.11 radio link for large file transfers (BT+HS (High speed) - bluetooth does not require line of sight Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) - ANSVersion 4 of Bluetooth BLE is designed for small battery-powered devices that transmit small amounts of data infrequently. A BLE device remains in a low power state until a monitor application initiates a connection Bonjour/AirPrint - ANSYou may also want to configure a network printer to support clients other than Windows. One option is to enable the Bonjour service to allow macOS PCs and IOS mobile devices to connect
and from there to the internet. is used to terminate, manage, and translate high- speed Internet sessions between cable modems in a local access network (LAN) and other devices in a wide area network (WAN). Acts as the hand-off point between the RF-based HFC network and other networks such as the Internet and the PSTN. Cache
- ANSa small block of high-speed memory that enhances performance by pre-loading (caching) code and data from relatively slow system memory and passing it to the CPU on demand. CAD/CAM design workstation - ANSMedia design workstations are configured to support the needs of graphic designers, engineers, architect's, 3D media developers, and other design driven roles. Calibration - ANSis the process by which the printer determines the appropriate print density or color balance (basically, how much toner to use. Most printers calibrate themselves automatically. If print output is not as expected, you can often invoke the calibration routine from the printers control panel or its software drivers. Campus Area Network (CAN) - ANSAn interconnection of networks located in nearby buildings (for example, buildings on a college campus). carriage system - ANSthe print head is moved back and forth over the paper by a carriage system. CAT 5e - ANSCategory 5e wire; TIA/EIA standard for UTP wiring that can operate at up to 1 Gbps. CAT-5 Cable - ANSused for ethernet, twisted cable 100 Mbps Cellular Data - ANSmeans connecting to the internet via the device's cell phone radio and the handsets cellular network provider. The data rate depends on the technology supported by both the phone and the cell tower (3G or 4G, for instance). A cellular service separate from calling that is used to view email, web pages, and download apps. cellular radio - ANSmakes connection using the nearest available transmitter (cell or base station). Each base station has an effective range of up to miles (8 km). Central Processing Unit (CPU) -
ANS(the brain of the computer)executes program instruction code, performs mathematical and logical calculations and controls input/output (I/O) functions. Channel Selection (1,6,11) - ANSThe 2.4 GHz band for 802.11 b/g/n is subdivided into 11 channels (in the US) spaced at 5Mhz intervals. charge-coupled device (CCD) - ANSan electronic device that creates an electronic signal from an optical image formed on the CCD's array of pixels chip creep - ANSA condition in which chips loosen because of thermal changes. chip level multiprocessing (CMP) - ANSa dual- core CPU is essentially two processor combined on the same die. *The market has quickly moved beyond dual-core CPU's to multi-core packages 3,4,8 or more processors. Chipset - ANSconsist of several controllers that handle the transfer of data between the CPU and various devices. Example of controllers include the following: -system memory controller -input/output(I/O) controller to handle disk drives and expansion buses. -controllers for any integrated video, sound, and network(cabled and wireless interfaces) CHKDSK - ANSA Windows command to verify the hard drive does not have bad sectors that can corrupt the file system. client-side virtualization - ANSRefers to any solution designed to run on ''ordinary'' desktops or workstations. Each user will be interacting with virtualization host directly. Desktop virtual platforms usually based on some sort of guest OS hypervisor, are typically used for testing and development. such as: -virtual labs - support legacy -Development environment -training Using this virtualization, a personal computer provides multiple virtual environments for applications. clock speed - ANSdictates how many instructions the CPU can process each second closed network - ANSone where the elements of the network are all known to the system vendor and there is no connectivity to wider computer data networks. Ex: Embedded
mostly for multi-mode networks. Twisted pair cabling for Ethernet is terminated using modular RJ-45 connectors. RJ-45 connectors are also referred to as 8P8C, standing for 8-position/8-contact. RJ-11 connectors are used with 2- or 3-pair UTP or with flat ribbon "silver satin" phone cables. Typically only one pair carries the dial tone and voice circuit (also called the Tip and Ring wires after the way older phono plugs were wired). Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) - ANStransmits multiple encoded messages over a wide frequency and then decodes them at the receiving end Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) - ANStransmits multiple encoded messages over a wide frequency and then decodes them at the receiving end Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) - ANSAn older backlighting technology that uses one or two fluorescent tubes to light a monitor panel. Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) - ANSAn older backlighting technology that uses one or two fluorescent tubes to light a monitor panel. collated and uncollated (printing) - ANSA collated print job is one where all pages of the first copy are printed, followed by all pages of the second copy, and so on. uncollated option is all copies of page 1 are printed first, followed by all copies of page 2, and so on. Collision Domain - ANSThe portion of an Ethernet network in which collisions could occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. Because each port is in a separate collision domain, collisions can only occur if the port is operating in half-duplex mode. Color Laser Printer - ANSColor lasers use separate color toner cartridges (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) but employ different processes to create the image. Comma Separated Values (CSV) - ANSFormat that contains a comma between each value. The CSV format can be used to import and export information from other third-party applications. Common Internet File System (CIFS) - ANSThe protocol that NetBIOS used to share folders and
printers. Still very common, even on UNIX/Linux systems. complementary metal- oxide semiconductor (CMOS) - ANSA chip that retains system settings such as the time, keyboard settings, and boot sequence. Connections - ANSare the physical access points that enable a computer to communicate with internal or external devices. connectors - ANSThe pieces of hardware that connect the wire to the network device, be it a file server, workstation, switch, or printer. contact image sensor (CIS) - ANSbased scanners use an array of LEDs(light emitting diodes) that strobe between red, green, and blue light to illuminate the image. This is relflected via rod-shaped lens onto an image senor. CIS scanners are typically used in sheet-fed scanners. container virtualization - ANSdispenses with the idea of a hypervisor and instead enforces resource separation at the operating system level. The OS defines isolated containers for each user instance to run in. Each container is allocated CPU and memory resources, but the processes all run through the native OS kernel. Contention - ANSarises in hub-based Ethernet because all communications are received by all connected to the hub. Converter - ANS(DC to AC) Changes direct current to alternating current Core Clock Speed - ANSis the speed at which the CPU runs internal processes and accesses L1 and L2 cache. cover - ANSEach case has a cover, which is removed by either undoing the screws at the back or pressing together clips that release it. CPU form function - ANSCPU packaging refers to the CPU's form factor and how it is connected to the motherboard. CPU Socket - ANSThe connector on the motherboard that houses a CPU and forms the electrical interface and contact with the CPU. Ex: LGA (longrid array) PCA (pingrid array) RGA CPU Speed or Advanced Chipset features - ANSThe rate at which the CPU can perform a task, such as moving data to and from RAM, or performing a numerical calculation. CRT
internal and external firewall) is a means of establishing a more secure configuration. The idea of a DMZ is that hosts placed within it are untrusted by the local network zone. Some traffic may be allowed to pass between the DMZ and the local network, but no traffic is allowed to pass from the internet to the local network through the DMZ Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) - ANSa separate network located outside the organization's internal information system that permits controlled access from the internet Denial of Service (DoS) - ANSAttack on a host machine, host OS, or hypervisor will cause far more damage to the server infrastructure than a DoS on a single web server. The security problem in which users are not able to access an information system; can be caused by human errors, natural disasters, or malicious activity. desktop computer - ANSrefers to a PC that is not designed to be on the move. dial up connection - ANSuses an analog modem to dial another modem on the ISPs remote access server, which then transfers the data onto the ISPs network and to and from the wider internet. The call is placed in the same way as a voice call and may incur connection charges. The maximum link speed is just 56 Kbps. a connection that uses a phone line to establish a temporary Internet connection die - ANSthis doping process creates millions of transistors and signal pathways. digital assistant(virtual assistant) - ANSis a voice interface designed to respond to natural language commands and queries. Most smartphones and computers now support a voice assistant and the are also implemented on smart on smart speaker hubs. - Google Assisstant -OK Google Amazon Alexa - Alexa Apple - Hey siri Microsoft Cortana - Hey Cortana Digital Light Processing (DLP) - ANSTechnology that bounces light off microscopic mirrors on a computer chip used by small computer projectors. digital signal processing (DSP) - ANSrefers to manipulating analog information Digital
Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) - ANSThe most expensive and versatile type of digital camera. A high-end digital camera that enables you to change the lens, attach a hot shoe flash, manually adjust focus and exposure, and look through the viewfinder to frame your shot Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - ANS(uses RJ-11 connector) uses the higher frequencies available in a copper telephone line as a communications channel. provides high-speed digital data transmission over standard telephone lines using broadband modem technology, allowing both Internet and telephone services to work over the same phone lines Digital Visual Interface (DVI) - ANSdigital interface used to connect a video source to a display device there are 5 types of DVI: DVI-A DVI-D (Single link) DVI-I (Single link) DVI-D(dual link) DVI-I (single link) digital-to- analog converter (DAC) - ANSAn audio device that accepts a bitstream representing sound samples and generates a continuous analog signal that can be amplified and routed to a speaker. Direct Current (DC) - ANSElectric current that flows in only one direction direct thermal printer - ANSA type of thermal printer that burns dots onto special coated paper as was done by older fax machines thermal printers are often used in cash registers and for printing labels. direct thermal printer - ANSA type of thermal printer that burns dots onto special coated paper as was done by older fax machines. DirectX - ANS(Graphic APIs) A Microsoft software development tool that software developers can use to write multimedia applications, such as games, video- editing software, and computer-aided design software. disk defragmentation - ANSAn optimization utility that will reorganize files and fragments to place related ones nearer to each other. Disk Management - ANSInitializes disks, creates partitions, and formats partitions DisplayPort - ANSa 20-pin connector port that transmits digital video and audio (not analog transmissions) and is slowly replacing
Internet. AKA FQDNS (fully qualified domain name system. dots per inch (dpi) - ANSA measurement of image quality for printers. -the basic measure of image quality is the maximum supported resolution, measured in dots per inch (dpi). Printer dots and screen image pixels are not equivalent. The minimum resolution for a monochrome printer should be 600 dpi. Photo-quality printers start at 1200 dpi. dotted decimal notation - ANSUsed to make IP addresses easier to use. A representation of numerical data in which groups of base-10 numbers are separated by dots. This notation requires each octet to be converted to a decimal value. Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) - ANSA type of memory technology used on DIMMs that runs at twice the speed of the system clock. Also called DDR SDRAM, SDRAM II, and DDR. drive controller - ANSA component located on the motherboard, that provides a drive interface, which connects disk drives to the processor. drive enclosure - ANSSpecialized case designed to hold and power disk drives while providing a mechanism to allow them to communicate to one or more separate computers Drive encryption - ANSA hard drive can be encrypted to prevent data theft. Encrypting changes the data into code that cannot be understood. Without the correct password, the computer does not boot, and the computer cannot decrypt the data. Even if the hard drive is placed in another computer, the encrypted data remains encrypted. driver - ANSa program or software that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device. interface between the device and the operating system. includes tools for configuring and optimizing the device. drop cable - ANSSolid cable is used for permanent links, such as the cable running through walls. This is often known as drop cable, as the installer drops the cable through the wall void to the hole cut out for the port. This cable links the RJ-45 port
on a wall plate and patch panel. DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) - ANSThe phone line makes the connection a bank of DSL modems in the exchange. A network device that connects multiple customer digital subscriber line (DSL) interfaces to a high speed digital communications channel using multiplexing techniques. DSL modem - ANSOn a DSL modem, the RJ-11 port on the modem connects to the phone point. A device that demodulates an incoming DSL signal, extracting the information and passing it to the data equipment (such as telephones and computers), and modulates an outgoing DSL signal. DTLS (datagram Transport Layer Security) - ANSTLS that can be used with UDP applications dual heat pipe - ANShas two tubes, providing better cooling. Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) - ANSA memory module (stick) that installs into matching DIMM sockets found on many motherboards. The word "dual" refers to the separate pins or connections on both sides of the module and socket. 184-pin Dual Rail - ANSA power supply with a second +12-V circuit or rail used to ensure the first circuit is not overloaded. dual-channel memory - ANSThere can effectively be two pathways through the bus to the CPU, meaning that 128 bits of data can be transferred per "transaction" rather than 64 bits. duplexing assembly - ANSUsed in a duplex printer, a duplexing assembly contains several rollers, turns the paper around, and draws it back through the print process to print on the back of the paper. returned to the developer unit to print the second unit. DVI-A - ANSA DVI-A supports only analog equipment. mode that supports downward compatibility with analog displays. DVI-D - ANSA DVI mode that supports digital video signals and is partially compatible with HDMI. See also digital video interface and High-Definition Multimedia Interface. DVI-I - ANSA DVI mode that supports both analog and digital video signals. dye-sublimation printer -
