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WGU C172 NETWORK AND SECURITY FOUNDATIONS EXAM
Who is the iSP for a cable modem usually? - the cable TV service provider a device that is used to make a broadband connection from your home network to the ISP using the telephone line - DSL modem Who is the ISP for a DSL modem? - the telephone company or separate ISP What does a DSL connection to a DSL modem require? - The placement of filters on all telephone lines except the one going into the modem to prevent interference. What issues should be considered when planning a home network? - data speed, cost, ease of implementation, appearance, home access, and public access Which network offers the fastest speeds for a home network? - wired network It is a network of users that share computer resources in a limited area. - LAN Local Area Network - LAN
How are Local Area Networks defined? - In terms of protocol and the topology used for accessing the network. A set of rules established for users to exchange information - Protocol The network architecture used to interconnect the networking equipment. - Topology What are the most common topologies for LANs? - Ring, Bus, and Star Uses a token that is placed in the data channel and circulates around the ring. - Token Ring topology A deterministic network - Token Ring Topology Each station connected to the network ensures access for transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time intervals - Deterministic What are the disadvantages of the Token Ring system? - 1. If an error changes the token pattern, it can cause the token to stop circulating. What is a disadvantage of the Token Ring system from the troubleshooting and maintenance? - The token ring path must be temporarily broken or interrupted if a computer or any device on the network is to be removed or added to the network.
What are the disadvantages of a bus topology? - "1. Data can be corrupted if ore than one device on the network transmits at the same time and will have to be resubmitted.
- The use of the shared coaxial cable prevents data transmission from being very bandwidth-efficient." Which topology is seldomly used in modern networks? - Bus topology What is the most common topology used in today's LANs? - Star topology Topology that uses twisted-pair cables with modular plugs to connect computers and other networking devices. - Star topology Topology whereas each device is connected to a switch or hub - Star A switch or hub facilitates the transfer of data between networking devices in this topology - star Transmits data to all the devices connected in the star network - hub Also called a multiport repeater - hub Not meant for large networks, but are still used in some smaller, slower speed LANs - hub
A transmission from a hub in a star network to all the devices in the network connected to the hub - broadcast Stores the hardware or physical address for each device connected to its ports in a star network - switch Sends data transmissions directly to the port of the destination device on the network - switch The physical input/output interfaces to the networking hardware - port Where the cables physically connect to each other or a central switch or hub - Port Only the intended destination device on this network will see the data traffic - star What is an advantage of the star topology? - It improves the efficiency of the available bandwidth of the network What is an advantage of the star topology from the troubleshooting and maintenance? - A device can be removed or added without disrupting other devices on the network
What is OSI meant for? - To provide a framework for networking devices that ensure compatibility in the network hardware and software. What is the OSI model meant to accelerate? - The development of new networking technologies. What is layer 1 of the OSI model? - Physical The layer of the OSI model that provides the electrical and mechanical connection to the network. - physical UTP, fiber, and network interface cards are examples of which layer of the OSI model? - physicaL What is layer 2 of the OSI model? - Data link Layer of the OSI model that handles error recovery, flow control (synchronization), and sequencing (which terminals are sending and which are receiving) - data link Also called the media access control layer - data Link The layer of the OSI model where the Media Access Control or MAC, addressing is defined - data lInk
Where is the Ethernet 802.3 standard defined? - In the MAC or media access control Also called the Ethernet address - MAC or media access control MAC addresses are an example of which layer of the OSI model? - data linK What is layer 3 of the OSI model? - Network layer of the OSI model that accepts outgoing messages and combines messages or segments into packets, adding a header that includes routing information. - network Acts as the network controller - network layer of the OSI model Internet Protocol (IP) and internetwork packet exchange (IPX) are examples of which layer of the OSI model? - networK What is layer 4 of the OSI model? - Transport layer of the OSI model that is concerned with message integrity between source and destination - transport
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) are examples of which layer of the OSI model?
- presentatioN What is layer 7 of the osi model? - Application layer of the osi model that interacts with application programs that incorporate a communication component such as your internet browser and email - application layer of the osi model that is also responsible for logging the message in, interpreting the request, and determining what information is needed to support the request - aPplication Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for web browsing, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for transferring files, and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for email transmission are examples of which osi model layer? - applicatioN What is step one of the three basic steps in the process of isolating a network problem? - Is the connection to the machine down (layer 1) What is step two of the three basic steps in the process of isolating a network problem? - Is the network down? layer 3 What is step three of the three basic steps in the process of isolating a network problem? - Is a service on a specific machine down? layer 7
A reply from" response from a ping indicates whate?" - A connection to the server is up A request timed out" response from a ping indicates what?" - the network connection is down What is the function of the data link layer of the osi model? - to provide for the flow of data MAC addresses What is the function of the network layer? - to provide routing decisions IP, IPX What is the function of the transport layer of the osi model? - to ensure error free packets What is the function of the session layer of the osi model? - to establish, manage, and terminate NFS, SQL sessions What is the function of the presentation layer of the osi model? - to ensure protocol conversion, data transactions ASCII, JPEG What is function of the application layer of the osi model? - to support applications HTTP, FTP, and SMTP(email)
The MAC address associated with the network adapter or Ethernet network interface card (NIC) - The destination and source MAC addresses of an Ethernet packet An indication of the number of bytes in the data field if this value is less than 1500, or if the number is greater than 1500, and indication of the type of data format such as IP and IPX - The length/type of the Ethernet packet frame The variable length of data being transferred from the source to the destiontion - The data of the Ethernet packet frame A field used to bring the total number of bytes up to the minimum of 46 if the data field is less than 46 bytes - The pad of the Ethernet packet frame A 4 byte CRC value used for error detection - The frame check sequence of the Ethernet packet frame What is the minimum length of the Ethernet frame from destination MAC address through the frame check sequence? - 64 bytes a device that relays the wireless signals from an access point or wireless router into areas with a weak signal or no signal at all - range extender Where can range extenders be used to improve connectivity? - Stores, warehouses, and public places using hotspots
a limited geopgraphic area that provides wireless access for the public - hot spot What basic steps can help secure a wireless home network? - "1. Change the default factory password
- Change the default SSID
- Turn encryption on
- Turn off the SSID broadcast
- Enable MAC address filtering" How should a default password on a wireless device be reset? - using a combination of alphanumeric characters the name used to identify your network and is used by your access point or wireless router to establish an association - SSID Service Set Identifier - SSID How many characters can the SSID be? - 32 What does the turning off the SSID broadcast of your access point or wireless router in your wireless home network do? - prevents the wireless system from broadcasting SSID
a technique that translates the private IP address of a computer to a public address for routing over the Internet - Network Address Translation (NAT) a technique used by a router, where NAT translates the home's network's private IP addresses to the single public IP address assigned by the ISP - Overloading What technique does a router use to track a port number for when a data packet is returned to a home network to idenfity which computer to deliver the packet to? - Port Address Translation (PAT) a cable that has cross-connected TX/RX data lines - crossover In a straight-through, how are transmit and receive signal pares aligned? - end to end Also called an uplink port - Straight-through ports allows the connection of a hub or switch to another hub or switch without having to use a crossover cable - an uplink port Which devices require a cross-connect input port? - computers, printers, and routers
Which devices require a straight-through connection? - unlink connections to other switches or hubs What does a link light on the switch or hub indcate? - that the transmit and receive pairs are properly aligned and the connected devices are comunicating an Ethernet protocol used to verify that a communication link between two Ethernet devices has been established - link integrity test Why are link pulses sent by each of the connected devices via the twisted pair cables? - to indicate that the link is up when are link pulses sent when data is not being transmitted? - at regular intervals Uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request and replies to test that a device on the network is reachable - the ping command Where is the ping command issued in Windows to verify the networking devices are communicationg? - the command window twisted pair cables capable of carrying up to 1000 mbps (1 gigabit) of data up to a length of 100 meters - CAT
What does ipconfig/all display when entered as a command in the command mode or at the MS-DOS prompt? - MAC address Which base are MAC addresses listed in? - hexadecimal (base-16) Only provides the physical address for the network interface card - MAC address A mac address does not provide what? - the network location, what LAN, or in which building, city, or country the network resides Incorporates a unique address that identifies the computer's network - Internet Protocol (IP) Who assigns IP network numbers? - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) How many bits are in an IP address? - 32 Identifies on which network the computer is located and differentiates the computer from all other devices on the same network - IP address How many bit parts are each IP address divided into? - four 8 bit parts
What are class A ip addresses used for? - governments and very large networks What is the maximum number of hosts for a class A ip address? - 16,777 or 2^ What are class B ip addresses used for? - midsize companies, universities What are the maximum number of hosts on a class B ip address? - 65, or 2^ What are class C ip addresses used for? - small networks What are the maximum number of hosts for a class C IP address? - 254 or 2^ What are class D ip addresses used for? - reserved for multicast groups What do class A ip addresses begin with? - 0 thru 127 What do class B ip addresses begin with? - 128 thru 191 What do class C ip address begin with? - 192 thru 223
