Computers - Computed Tomography - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computed Tomography

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Introduction

to

Computers

Electronic Computer Technology

 Vacuum tubes

 Discrete Semiconductors

 Integrated Circuits

Electronic Computer Technology

 Warm-up

 Ran hot  tube filaments required constant heating  computers required air conditioning

 Frequent failures

Computers after Vacuum Tubes

 Transistor & magnetic core memory

 Smaller

 Less power needed

Computers: The Big Jump

Integrated Circuits

 millions of semiconductor components in tiny package

 lower production costs

 Extremely small

 Extremely fast

 Run very cool

 Very reliable

Categories of

Computers

 Super computers

 Mainframes

 Minicomputers

 Microcomputers

Mainframe Computers

 Large

 $$$

 Requires teams of experts

 Large # of users

 Applications  large corporations  government  hospitals

Microcomputer

 “PC”

 Rapidly changing technology

 Low cost

 Non-proprietary

 First common in 1980’s

Basics

Input Processing Output

Input

 Manual

 keyboard  mouse

 Electronic

 CT detectors  CR Plates

Input Processing Output

 Other

Voice

recognition

Analog to Digital Conversion

(A to D)

 Many real world inputs are analog voltages

 CT detector intensity

 Analog values must be converted to a # to use in a computer

Input analog voltage

1 2 3 4

Digital conversion to computer docsity.com

Processing

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 Arithmetic  Logic

 Internal Memory

 Scratchpad

Input Processing Output

Hardcopy Devices

 Do not lose information when power is shut off  Printers  impact (dot matrix)  noisy  multi-copy  non-impact (quiet)  ink jet  laser  Plotters  Microfilm

Softcopy Devices

 Lose all information when power shut off

 Flat-panel monitors