Elements and Principles of Art in Contemporary Philippine Arts, Schemes and Mind Maps of Law

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Contemporary

Philippine Arts from

the Regions

Quarter 1 - Module 5

Elements and Principles of Art

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 - Module 5 : Elements and Principles of Art First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – National Capital Region Office Address: Misamis St. Bago Bantay, Quezon City Telefax: 02 - 929 - 0153 E-mail Address: [email protected] Development Team of the Module Writer: Mariane Diane S. Maputi Editor: Grace B. Santos Reviewers: Dr. Arlyn M. Brigola and Dr. Gregorio T. Capiral Illustrator: Ralph C. Apostol Layout Artist: Teddy C. Sarmiento Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Director IV Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS Micah S. Pacheco, Regional ADM Coordinator Evangeline P. Ladines, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent Rodel C. Apostol, Division EPS In Charge of LRMS

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Introductory Message For the facilitator: Arts have been part of our lives since early years of history. From then to contemporary times, the development of art has continuously grown and encompasses so many aspects of our lives. Hence, the learner and his/her family need to be aware that they get to encounter and to appreciate Art almost daily, and it has engaged in and part of their lives. More importantly, to make these encounters with arts meaningful, they need to know and to understand it. Having knowledge and understanding of art is essential as it can help to know and to understand oneself. To know and understand art, Module 5 is made with these in mind. This module can be used in school and at home as it is considered a part of a continuum of lessons in enhancing one’s knowledge of Art. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions is a subject that will enhance the understanding of what is already known by both learner and parents. In this module, it is important that writing, drawing, and coloring materials are prepared ahead so that it would be easier to facilitate the activities. The learner should have their own pens, pencils and sharpeners, erasers, coloring materials, and bond papers. The learner should be told to use separate sheets in answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. Notes to the Teacher Many of your students have a limited view of Art. They may just have a visual perspective of the arts from their experiences of drawing, coloring, illustrating, and looking at pictures and paintings. Broadening their view of Art will open a new way for them to appreciate it, with particular attention given to Contemporary Arts that are developed in the different regions of the country.

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For the learner: Drawings, pictures, collages, and paper arts have been part of your education since you were a child. In this module, your understanding and idea about art will be thorough as you explore into this lesson. Module 5 will let you identify elements and principles of art that you can used in describing and appreciating contemporary arts. Filipino artists are adept in creating artworks from different materials, both traditional and non-traditional. Different elements and and principles of art are used to create contemporary Philippine art. To accomplish this, you need to have your own materials for writing and drawing. This module allows you to follow through its content through orderly and developmental steps. As you go along, you will discover that this is like an interactive game where you do and learn things at the same time. Take this, read it, learn from it, and enjoy it. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This^ will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part^ includes an^ activity^ that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In^ this^ portion,^ the^ new^ lesson^ will^ be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This^ comprises^ activities^ for^ independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This^ includes^ questions^ or^ blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

This module is designed and is written for you. It is intended to facilitate understanding and appreciation of Philippine Contemporary Arts. The scope of this module permits it to be used in different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of learners. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course as indicated in the curriculum guide. However, the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the flow of the lesson and with the rate or pace of learning. The module contains Lesson 5 – Elements and Principles of Art. After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recall the National Artists of the Philippines and their artworks;
2. illustrate the elements and principles of art;
3. evaluate the artworks of National Artists of the Philippines and other contemporary art forms based on the elements and principles of arts; and
4. appreciate contemporary art forms based on the elements and principles of arts. Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.
5. This element of art is used to form shapes.

a. Color c. Proportion

b. Line d. Space

2. This principle of art refers to the dominance given to a certain element in an art.

a. Contrast c. Emphasis

b. Color d. Variety

3. This element of art expresses the three-dimensionality of objects in an art.

a. Form c. Line

b. Shape d. Movement

4. This element of art implies distances of objects between each other in an art.

a. Movement c. Line

b. Value d. Space

5. This is a principle of art usually achieved through repetition of elements used in an art.

a. Movement c. Balance

b. Rhythm d. Variety

6. This element of art shows the range of the tones of a color from light to dark. What I Need to Know What I Know

a. Color c. Contrast

b. Value d. Texture

7. This principle of art refers to the arrangement of opposite elements used in an art.

a. Color c. Contrast

b. Value d. Texture

8. Which of the following describe the change of value when white is added to a certain color?

a. Intensity c. Shade

b. Tone d. Tint

9. Which of the following are the representations of lines in an art? I. Horizontal Line III. Circular Line II. Curved Line IV. Waved Line

a. I and II c. I, II, and IV

b. III and IV d. I, II, and III

10. Which of the following are the classifications of colors? I. Supplementary Colors III. Tertiary Colors II. Complementary Colors IV. Principal Colors

a. I, II, and III c. II, III, and IV

b. II, III, and IV d. I, III, and IV

11. Which of the following are the principles of art? I. Rhythm II. Balance III. Proportion IV. Texture

a. I and II c. I, II, and III

b. III and IV d. I, II, and IV

12. Which of the following are the elements of art? I. Movement II. Texture III. Proportion IV. Form

a. I and II c. I and III

b. III and IV d. II and IV

13. Which of the following descriptions of an artwork refers to the principle of balance?

a. A photo of a seesaw with two kids equally distant from the fulcrum of the

seesaw.

b. A drawing of caricatures of each member of a family.

c. A digital art of red tomatoes and one green tomato.

d. None of the above.

14. Which of the following descriptions of an artwork refers to the principle of rhythm?

a. A photo of a seesaw with two kids equally distant from the fulcrum of the

seesaw.

b. A drawing of caricatures of each member of a family.

c. A digital art of red tomatoes and one green tomato.

d. None of the above.

15. Which of the following descriptions of an artwork refers to the principle of emphasis?

a. A photo of a seesaw with two kids equally distant from the fulcrum of the

From the previous lessons, you described the various contemporary art forms of the Philippines based on the elements and principles of arts and you learned who are the National Artists of the Philippines and their contribution to Philippine Arts. Now, in relation to that, did you ever wonder how the elements and principles of arts is used in making an artistic artwork? Or did you ever wonder how to critic an artwork based on the elements and principles of arts? Those questions will be answered and explored in this module. To start your learning about the elements and principles of art, examine the following image of artwork and process your thoughts with the help of the guide questions below. Thinking Man by Ang Kiukok Redraw by Mervin Meude These are the guide questions:

1. How does the shapes and forms define the subject of the artwork?
2. How does colors create mood or emotion in this artwork?
3. What is the artwork all about? What is It Elements and principles of art are being introduced in Module 1: Arts in the Philippines. In module 1, the elements and principles of art is introduced to describe the various contemporary art forms from the regions of the Philippines generally from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The elements of art are space, line, shape and form, color, value, and texture. Meanwhile, the principles of art are proportion, harmony, variety, movement, rhythm, balance, and emphasis. Now, let’s discuss this elements and principles of art further. **Elements of Art
4. Line** An element of art that is used to define shape, contours, and outlines, also to suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms. Line may come in two What’s New

characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or broken lines; and direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different characteristics of lines may convey different meanings: a) Horizontal Line creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability. b) Vertical Line creates an impression of strength and perfect stability. c) Diagonal Line creates an impression of action. d) Curved Line creates an impression of gradual change of direction. e) Circular Line creates an impression of abrupt change of direction. Moreover, lines can be classified into different types: a) Outlines are made by the edge of an object or its silhouette. b) Contour Lines describe the shape of an object and the interior detail. c) Expressive Lines catch the movement and gestures of an active figure. d) Sketch Lines capture the appearance of an object or impression of a place. e) Calligraphic Lines are the elegant handwriting or lettering done by hand. f) Implied Lines are lines that are not actually drawn but created by a group of objects seen from a distance.

2. Shape Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures with height and width. There are different kinds of shapes and these are geometric shapes, organic shapes, positive shapes, negative shapes, static shapes, and dynamic shapes. a) Geometric Shapes are circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, and other geometric shapes. b) Organic Shapes are shapes found in nature and are free flowing, informal and irregular (abstract shapes). c) Positive Shapes are the solid forms in a design. d) Negative Shapes are the space around the positive shape. e) Static Shapes are shapes that appears stable and resting. f) Dynamic Shapes are shapes that appears moving and active. 3. Color Colors are the way we see light reflected from a surface or refracted through a prism. Colors we see in nature are reflections of light on the surfaces around us. We can classify colors into primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors, analogous Calligraphy

6. Value Value pertains to the lightness or darkness of a color in a given artwork. Value can be changed by adding white or black to a color and these described as tint and shade. a) Tint pertains to the lightness of a color. b) Shade pertains to the darkness of a color. 7. Form Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. It has dimensions of height, width, and length. According to Mader (2019), the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. Consequently, principles of art represent how the artist uses elements of art to create an effect and convey the artist's intent. **Principles of Art

1. Rhythm** This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern. 2. Movement Movement is the illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design. 3. Balance Balance refers to the visual weight in a picture. It refers to the even distribution of positions of elements in an artwork. The principle of balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. a) Symmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein its both sides has the same elements in the same position. b) Asymmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein it is balance through the contrast or differences of any of the elements of art. 4. Proportion Proportion refers to the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work. 5. Contrast This principle shows differences between elements of art in an artwork. It shows how stronger each element of art in relation to one another. 6. Variety This principle of art refers to the diversity or the different elements used in an artwork to make it more interesting. 7. Emphasis Emphasis refers to the greater impact or highlight given to a certain element in an artwork.

8. Harmony This principle of art refers to the unity of an artwork. It is about the arrangement of the related elements that makes an artwork to be viewed as a whole. These elements and principles of arts are very important aspects in understanding and appreciating arts. It helps an artist to make an artistic artwork which conveys their essential ideas or their intent. However, it is not just served as a help to artists but also to the viewers. Through the elements and principles of art present in an artwork, viewers will be able to understand, appreciate, and evaluate an artwork. Hence, we will apply elements and principles of art in evaluating artworks. Evaluation of Artworks Based on Elements and Principles of Art This artwork was made by the National Artist of the Philippines in Visual Arts Hernando Ocampo entitled “Genesis”. According to Rafhael Piola (2015), “some of the elements that could be seen in this canvass, in my own opinion, would be lines (curved), shape (amorphic), light, and color. As for its principles of design and in my own opinion, some of the principles visible to this canvass would be variety in terms of its colors, and balance (asymmetrical), emphasis (focal point). Through the elements and principles that I have seen through this illustration, personally, I would interpret it as a very strong yet positive canvass because of its colors. With the color of red, for me it means that there is passion and dedication that the painter wants me to feel and I could also see a yellow color meaning happiness and positive vibes. As for its lines, it is curvy yet it is thin meaning it is flowing in a very calm state…”. This artwork of Hernando Ocampo was also assessed by Ambeth R. Ocampo through the online platform of Philippine Daily Inquirer. According to Ambeth Ocampo (2013), “with proper lighting, “Genesis” glows with the intensity of red-hot embers and emanating from its three-dimensional center are what seem to be claws or tongues of fire reaching out to the viewer”. Appreciation to this artwork of Hernando Ocampo by the viewers or other artists maybe similar or maybe different in some aspects. It is based on how they perceive the artwork with the help of elements and principles of arts or other factors that can influence them to appreciate or understand it. Overall, elements and principles of art are a must in learning and comprehending arts especially Philippine arts. Hence, if you are a student engage to arts or have an interest to arts, use these elements and principles of arts wisely in creating your unique and artistic pieces of art. Redraw by Mervin Meude

Activity 1.2 Analyzing the Elements and Principles of Art Directions: Appreciate and evaluate the given artwork of the National Artists of the Philippines below by answering the questions reference to the elements and principles of art. Each question is worth 2 points. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. A painting of “Sabel” by Benedicto Cabrera a) How do the forms in this artwork make you feel? b) What part of the composition the artist wants to emphasize? c) How does the emphasis creates mood or emotion in the artwork?
2. Bagong Taon by Arturo Luz a) What mood, emotion, or idea does the element of line created in the artwork? b) What principle of art is evident in the artwork? Why? In appraising your answers for each question, this analytic rubric will be used: Criteria 1 point No point Relevance The answer is connected to the given artwork. The answer is not connected at all to the given artwork. Understanding of the Concepts The answer is in reference to the indicated element or principle of art in the question. The answer is not in reference to the indicated element or principle of art in the question.
3. According to Mader (2019), the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. What I Have Learned https://www.flickr.com/photos/faun070/ 4727920560/in/photolist-u6Ht2R-orsrEQ https://www.flickr.com/photos/pierremm/ 4261934577/in/photolist-7uBwED-P3pfs

6. After capturing the needed image, send it to your teacher via FB messenger or Google classroom on the prescribed submission deadline by your teacher. Indicate your name and section on the bottom of the captured image.
7. After the teacher gave his/her rating to your photo, share your photograph to the FB messenger classroom. In appraising your output, this rubric will be used: Criteria 10 points 8 points 5 points 2 points Project Requirements Captured image reflects at least four principles of arts. Follow all the guidelines. Captured image reflects only 3 principles of arts only. Follow 5 guidelines only. Captured image reflects only 2 principles of arts only. Follow 4 guidelines only. Captured image reflects only 1 principle of arts only. Follow 3 guidelines only. Creativity and Originality The image was originally and creatively captured and integrated at least 4 principles of art. The image was originally and creatively captured and integrated only 3 principles of art. The image was originally and creatively captured and integrated only 2 principles of art. The image was originally and creatively captured and integrated only 1 principle of art. Assessment Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer from the choices below. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
8. This principle of art refers to the greater impact given to a certain element in a piece of art. a. Contrast c. Balance b. Emphasis d. Rhythm
9. This element of art is used to define shape and form. a. Color c. Line

b. Space d. Value

3. This element of art implies distances or areas around, between or within components of an artwork. a. Color c. Line b. Space d. Value
4. Height, width, and length are the dimensions implied of this element of art. a. Shape c. Form b. Space d. Texture
5. This principle of art when use produce a pattern in an artwork.

a. Harmony c. Balance b. Unity d. Rhythm

6. This element of art can be described as tint and shade. a. Color c. Texture b. Space d. Value
7. Which of the following describe the change of value when black or white added to a certain color? I. Tint II. Color III. Shade IV. Hue a. II and IV c. I, III, and IV b. I and III d. I, II, and III
8. Which of the following describe the change of value when black is added to a certain color? a. Color c. Shade b. Hue d. Tint
9. Which of the following statement/s is/are true about elements of art? I. Different representations of lines may convey different meanings. II. Texture is the appeal of the implied surface in an artwork. III. Artist uses the elements of arts to create a composition. a. I and II c. I, II, and III b. II and III d. None of the statements is true.
10. Which of the following are considered as warm colors? I. Violet II. Red-Orange III. Yellow-Green IV. Blue a. I and IV c. I and II b. II and III d. III and IV
11. Which of the following statement/s is/are false? Statement 1: Symmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein its both sides has the same elements in the same position. Statement 2: Asymmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein both sides balances through the differences of elements in different positions. a. Only Statement 1 is false c. Both statements are false b. Only Statement 2 is false d. Both statements are not false
12. Which of the following situations shows an artist using a principle of variety? I. Gabrielle is a fine arts student. He is working on an artwork wherein he uses different elements of art that creates the mood of diversity. II. Anna is working in her drawing project for her art subject. In her drawing, the elements she used is present on the both sides of the drawing resulting to a mirror-like art. III. Charles is a student of Teacher Maria. Teacher Maria gave an art project in his class. The art project is to do a painting that shows unity of the elements

of arts to be used.

a. I c. III