Download Genetic Counseling Techniques: Interviewing, Ethics, and Patient Management and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Clinical Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
1 / 15
Counseling Techniques Exam Study Guide
1. Interviewing: The initial meeting between the client and the counselor
2. What are the steps of interviewing?: 1. Breaking the ice: Small social banter that can be used
to assess patient's level of comfort, mood, and language skills.
2.Creating a working agreement: Elicit client's goals for the session.
3.Contracting: A negotiated plan between the client and the counselor.
3. Contracting: What: A lan to be negotiated between the client and counselor.
It is important to be flexible and adjust the order of the session to accommodate the clients inquiries.
4. For what circumstances is it ok to not be flexible during contracting?: - When new information
comes to light that was not previously communicated to the counselor and the counselor is unprepared and needs more time to gather more information.
5. How should a counselor respond when a patient asks a question that may throw off the direction
of a session during contracting?: 1. Counselor can give a brief answer at the time the question is asked.
2.Promise to say more later.
2 / 15
3.Resume with the session.
6. During what circumstances is it revise the contract?: 1. New information comes to light that
needs to be addressed, it is ok to refer out or schedule a second appointment.
- Language barrier, it is ok to delay for an interpreter.
7. What should a counselor do when time is running out during a session?: Tell the client that they
have 5 minutes left and to ask and answer what questions they have left.
8. Attending Behaviors: A form of nonverbal communication.
These include: head nodding, smiling, and facing the client. Reduce the amount of fidgeting.
9. Active Listening: Indicates that you are paying attention.
Saying: I see, uh huh, tell me more about...
10. Physical Attending: Nonverbal behavior that deliberately communicates focus on the client.
Mid level eye contact, attentive open seated stance, attitude that nothing can distract you from the client, minimal gestures.
11. Promoting Shared Language: Mirrors the same terms as the client
12. Modeling Language: Using a different term to correct the patient.
Example: Patient uses the word mongolism. Counselor says today it is called Down Syndrome and then continuing to use Down Syndrome.
13. What are the genetic counseling interviewing techniques?: Questioning Rephrasing
Reflecting Redirecting
4 / 15
25. The Working Alliance: Also known as the therapeutic alliance or therapeutic relationship.
The dynamic process for informational exchange and exploration of meaning.
26. What are the crucial components for a successful working alliance?: Con- fidentiality and
Boundaries: understanding of confidentiality and safeguards that do not impinge on patient autonomy. Patient Autonomy: Nondirectiveness Listening: Listen to what the client brings to the appointment. Empathy: Integrate clients story, affective state, and GC's response to it.
27. What can disrupt the working alliance?: Transference
Countertransference Empathetic Breaks
28. Transference: Redirection of feelings from a past situation to the current rela- tionship.
The patient's feelings towards the counselor.
29. Countertransference: Response to transference.
Counselor's feelings towards the patient.
30. Empathetic Breaks: Shift or change in interpersonal dynamics. Feels like a loss of focus that
signals a disruption or loss of empathetic connection that can occur for a variety of reasons.
31. What are common patient reactions during genetic counseling sessions?-
: Denial Anger Guilt and Shame
5 / 15 Grief and despair Questions
32. Denial Patient Reaction: Inability to acknowledge to oneself certain information or news.
Common for shock and fear.
33. Anger Patient Action: Seeks to blame. Directed at others or oneself.
7 / 15
41. Distancing Coping Style: Going on as if nothing has happened
Ignoring
42. Dissociation Coping Style: Separating Oneself from Reality
43. Self-Controlling Coping Style: Keeping feelings to oneself
44. Seeking Social Support Coping Style: Engaging in conversation in the hope of learning more
45. Accepting Responsibility Coping Style: Criticizing oneself
46. Escape-Avoidance Coping Style: Hoping for a miracle
47. Planning Coping Style: Identifying and following an action plan
48. Positive Reappraisal Coping Style: Identifying existing or potential positive outcomes
49. Compartmentalization Coping Style: Managing something by dividing it into
sections/categories
50. Tenets of Genetic Counseling: The relationship is integral to genetic counsel- ing
Patient autonomy must be supported Patients are resilient Patient emotions make a difference
51. Types of Defense Mechanisms: Denial
Displacement Identification Intellectualization Projection Rationalization
8 / 15 Sublimation Regression Repression Undoing
52. Repression Defense Mechanism: Feelings are lost to consciousness
53. Denial Defense Mechanism: Rejecting the possibility that an event happened
54. Displacement Defense Mechanism: Shifting response from the original aim to a vulnerable
target Redirection of emotions to object that is less threatening
55. Identification Defense Mechanism: Assuming the attitude or behavior of an idealized person
or group
56. Reaction Formation Defense Mechanism: Expressing the opposite emotion from what is
actually felt
57. Intellectualization Defense Mechanism: Avoiding intolerable feelings through abstract, precise
thinking with little or no feeling
58. Projection Defense Mechanism: Blaming other people or situations for difficul- ties the patient
experiences eg: patient who is ashamed perceives that partner is ashamed
59. Rationalization Defense Mechanism: Justifying objectionable information with plausible
statements
60. Regression Defense Mechanism: Reverting to developmentally less mature behavior
61. Undoing: Defense Mechanism: Canceling out a distressing experience through a
reverse action
10 / 15 Information: Amount and accuracy of information. This includes benefits and risks and discussion of alternative options. Patient's understanding Consent: Voluntariness and authorization
74. Types of supervisor and student roles:: Consultation Teaching
Evaluating Counseling
75. Consultation Supervision Role: Collaborative interaction. Objectives are mu- tually agreed
upon, student should self evaluate. Brainstorm strategies and inter- ventions for patients together.
76. Counseling Supervision Role: Exploration with the goal of promoting self awareness and
growth. Help student become aware of personal issues that may affect their responses to patients. Helps student identify feelings
77. Teaching Supervision Role: Instruction with an emphasis of guidance. Devel- opment of
skills.
78. Evaluation Supervision Roke: Critique and feedback giving. Focus on ac- countability
79. What is the criteria for the ideal genetic test?: High sensitivity High specificity
Low false positive and negative rates High Negative and Positive Predictive Values
80. When can you counsel a patient about a true negative rest result?: When a patient tests
negative for a family mutation
11 / 15
81. NSGC Code of Ethics: -based upon the relationships genetic counselors have with
1.themselves
2.clients
3.colleagues
4.society
82. 5 Stages of Grief: 1. Denial
2.Anger
3.Depression
4.Bargaining
5.Acceptance
83. Types of Patient Decision Making Style: Rational Intuitive
Dependent Avoidant Spontaneous/impulsive Delaying Fatalistic Compliant Paralytic Ambivalence Agonizing
13 / 15 Perceived risk outweighs actual risk Preference for Risk Info: Numerical vs qualitative risk info Fear/Anxiety/Uncertainty: Emphasis on risk can illicit negative feelings Social/Spiritual/Family: Support systems
96. Steps for working with interpreters: Allocate More Time: Plan for longer clinic visits
Brief the Interpreter: Inform the interpreter about the clinic visit details before the session starts. Prefer Medical Background: Choose interpreters with a medical background Advance Planning: Ensure interpreter availability with advance planning. Match Gender: Prefer an interpreter of the same gender as the patient to facilitate open discussion of sensitive issues. Avoid Family Members: Use non-family interpreters to prevent information censor- ship and pressure. Greet in Native Language: Learn and use simple greetings in the patient's language to build rapport. Maintain Eye Contact: Look at the patient, not the interpreter, and observe the patient's body language and responses. Focus on Key Information: Present information essential for patient care and deci- sion-making due to translation time constraints. Clear and Concise Communication: Use simple language, minimize technical terms, employ pictures/diagrams, and make summary statements. Refer to Additional Resources: Acknowledge that working with interpreters has many considerations, and consult further resources as needed.
97. Availability Heuristic: Actual or dramatic instances of certain outcomes will increase the
perceived likelihood that the outcome will occur.
14 / 15 Someone you know w T21, you will have a baby w T
98. Representative Heuristic: Judgment of probability is made based on how well the items being
judged match a prototype Pt thinks she looks more like her mom so she has a higher chance of inheriting her mother's variant.
99. Anchoring Heuristic: A patient relies too heavily on the first piece of information they hear.
100. Projective Identification: the individual's behavior induces a repressed or
unacceptable emotion in another person
101. Anticipatory Guidance: Predicting psychosocial emotions to news
102. Nondirectiveness: procedures aimed at promoting the autonomy and self-di-
rectedness of the client (Kessler). An ethical principle, not theory.
103. Congruence: Who a counselor is if consistent with his or her actions
104. Professional Burnout: Feeling where demands surpass capacity of adjust- ment
105. Compassion Fatigue: Reduction in ability to empathetic towards patients
106. Phenocopy: An environmentally caused trait that occurs in a familial pattern,
mimicking inheritance
107. What is the incidence of ONTD?: 1/
108. Reflecting Definition: Reflecting: Repeating last phrase of clients statement, encourage
to amplify thoughts.
109. Objective Risk Assessment: a measurable risk that can be reviewed or
established, and is based on statistics and calculations
