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CSET Multiple Subject Subtest
2math/science
Fractionito Decimal - 2/4=1/2=0.
Percent to a fraction - ☑️ 12% = 12/
Fractions with Common Denominator - ☑️ 2/3 x 3/4 x 1/2 = 16/24, 18/24/, 12/
Fraction on a Number Line - ☑️ 11/16 (Please excuse my dear aunt sally)
Distributive Property - ☑️ A( B + C)
Commutitive Property - ☑️ A + B = B + A
Associative Property - ☑️ A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
A Perfect square - ☑️ Square Root of 144 is 12
Additive Inverse Property - ☑️ 4 + -4 = 0
Multiplicitive Inverse Property - ☑️ 4 x 1/4 = 1
Function - ☑️ Function w/out exponent generally produces a straight line (Stem Line). Function with exponent generally produces a curved line
Slope Formula - ☑️ y=mx+b rise/run or change in y over change in x
Factoring Equations - ☑️ (3x + 3y + z) + 2 ( x+y+z) = 5 (x + y + z)
Slope Formula 2 - ☑️ y2-y1/x2-x
Y Intercept - ☑️ the point where the line crosses the y axis the value for y when x=0.
Ratio - ☑️ A comparison of two quantities. 2 choc. chips/every 4 oatmeal cookies
Ratios Cont. - ☑️ When we know two rations are proportionate, and we have 3 of 4 quantities, we can solve for the 4th using cross multiplication.
Ex. Alicia is using a garden hose to fill a pool. For every 2 min = 3 in of water. How long if she wants 2 ft depth? 2/3 = x/21 = 3x = 42. X = 14 min.
Parabola Formula - ☑️ The U-shaped graph of a quadratic function Parabula Formula
Inequalities - ☑️ a mathematical sentence involving <, >, or = plus < or >. Solve: 5. -3x - When graphing inequalities, begin by graphing the line then determine the shading (+ up, - down).
Solve for systems of equations and quadratic equations - ☑️ Eliminate one of the variables and solve for x and y. 2x + y = 3 3x + 2y = 9 x = -3 & plug in to find Y. Y= 9.
Factoring - ☑️ Rewriting an expression as the product of its factors
measurement - ☑️ Kilometer- 1,000 meters Hectometer- 100 meters Decameter- 10 meters decimeter- 1/10 meters centimeters- 1/100 meters millimeters- 1/1000 meters
supplementary angles - ☑️ Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees
complimentary angles - ☑️ Angles whose measure adds up to 90 degrees.
acute angle - ☑️ an angle that measures less than 90 degrees
obtuse angle - ☑️ An angle that measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees
right angle - ☑️ an angle that measures 90 degrees
Probability of Multiple Complementary Events - ☑️ Two or more things happening at the same time, that somehow complimenting or affecting one another. Ex. Rolling 2 dice at the same time. What are the # of ways both dice add up to 2? D1: 1,2,3,4,5. D2: 5,4,3,2,1. =6/36 = 1/6. Ex. What is the probability that the values will add up to a total of 7?
Probability using Spinners - ☑️ What is the probability that the values shown will add up to a total of 6? Sp1: 1,2,3,4. Sp2: 1,2,3,4,5,6 ** Which pairs add up to 6? = 4/24 = 1/6. Which pair of spinners gives the greatest probability that the values shown will add up to an even/odd number? Sp1: 1,2,3,4 Even = 2,4. = 2/4 = 1/ Sp2: 1,2,3,4,5,6 Even = 3/6 = 1/ Odd- Same concept as Even.
Combinations - ☑️ Combinations involve the arrangement of elements into groups without regard to order. Each group is usually independent, meaning, what you choose in one group does not affect the options you may choose from in the next. Ex. A school lunch must includ (Fruit, Entree, dessert). How many different lunches can be created using the items below?
Permutations - ☑️ Involve an arrangement in which order IS significant. Ex. How many ways can people be ordered in a line? Ex. How many ways can people be ranked in a contest? Ex. In how many unique orders can 5 horses finish a race?
Collecting & Representing Data - ☑️ Survey: A sampling of facts, figures or opinions used to approximate something about a population. Random: Sporadic survey. Representative: Enough people to represent a certain population. Bias: Surveys not truly random or representative. Skewed Bias: Ex. 2,000 people asked at a mall Mon-Fri between 8am and 5pm if they work in education. Limited & Skewed: same as skewed, but asking only 2-5 people.
Measures of Central Tendancies - ☑️ Mean: Add values and divide by # of values Median: Middle # or 2 middle #s in order. Mode: Which value occurs the most/frequently. Outliers: Inconsistency of members distributed. Use Median to solve.
NGSS Scientific Method` - ☑️ 1. State the problem
- Form Hypothesis
- Experiment and Observe
- Interpret Data
- Draw Conclusions
Matter - ☑️ Anything that has mass & takes up space
Law of Conservation - ☑️ Matter cannot be created/destroys. It simply changes forms
Element - ☑️ A substance that cannot e separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
Atom - ☑️ Smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element. Composed of 3 Subatomic particles: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Protons - ☑️ Have a positive charge Located inside the Nucleus Mass = 1 AMU (Atomic Mass Unit).
Neutrons - ☑️ Have a Neutral Charge Located inside the Nucleus Mass = 1 AMU
Electrons - ☑️ Have a Negative Charge Orbits around the Nucleus Mass = Appx 1/1836th AMU
Balanced Atom - ☑️ Same # of Protons & Electrons
Imbalanced Atom - ☑️ Ions can be + or - Ex. If more Negative people are in a room, the room has a negative vibe. If more negative particles are in an Atom, it becomes a negative.
Isotope - ☑️ If Atom has different # of Neutrons than its normal amount.
Atomic Mass - ☑️ The amount of matter that makes up an Atom
Atomic # - ☑️ The # of Protons an Atom has.
Radioactive Decay - ☑️ Most Isotopes decay back into their normal forms over time. The time required for 1/2 the atoms of a particular substance to disintegrate is known as that substance's "Half-Life," or 5400 years.
acid rain normal rain milk/water sea water baking soda milk of magnesium ammonia soapy water bleach
Speed Formula - ☑️ Speed = Distance/Time Acceleration = curved line Constant = straight line Distance/Placement = Up and down (jagged).
Newton's Laws of Motion - ☑️ 1. In motion stays in motion unless acted upon
- F = ma
- Action = reaction
Energy - ☑️ The ability to do work Is measured in Calories Ex. Kinetic Energy (Energy in motion) Potential Energy (Stored Energy
Law of Conservation - ☑️ Energy can never be created or destroyed, just transformed from one form into another.
Forms of Energy - ☑️ Renewable: Solar, Wind, Hydro electric, Nuclear Non-Renewable: Oil, Coal, Natural Gas
Natural Resource - ☑️ Any natural material that is used by humans
Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity - ☑️ Space and Time are relative, not absolute
Quantum Theory - ☑️ Matter and Energy have the properties of both particles and waves.
Electromagnitism - ☑️ The relationship between electricity and magnetism.
How can electricity be used to generate a light bulb? - ☑️ 1. Something spins a generator
- As magnet rotates inside, it causes electrons to build up (a charge) &Electrons want to go ground out.
- The copper metal wire acts as a conductor, leading the electrons toward other Atoms.
- Passes through a lightbulb. Flip the switch, close the circuit. Electrons travel through into the lightbulb.
- Inside LB, is a Fillament, often made of a metal that provides more resistance, making it harder for Electrons to pass.
- Electrons push. As they do there is Friction. Heat is created, which glows the LB.
- The 2nd Conductor is a cooling conductor. It circulates and begins process again.
Temperature - ☑️ A measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance. Faster = more heat.
Thermal Energy - ☑️ The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object. Ex. A bathtub at 90F has more Thermal Energy than a cup of tea at 120F.
Conduction - ☑️ The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching.
Convection - ☑️ The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas
Radiation - ☑️ Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles.
Light Waves - ☑️ Rays that come from a light source. (Ex: visible light-ROYGBIV) Rays that come from a light source. (Ex: visible light-ROYGBIV)
Radio Waves - ☑️ Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies
Infrared Waves - ☑️ second on the electromagnetic spectrum going from lowest to highest frequency. can be felt as heat
Ultraviolet Waves - ☑️ have frequencies slightly higher than visible light; can damage skin
Reflection - ☑️ The bouncing back of a wave after it hits a surface
Refraction - ☑️ The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another
Greenhouse Affect - ☑️ The ability of Earth's atmosphere to hold and reuse energy close to the Earth's surface Gases get trapped in our atmosphere and warm the earth
Sound Waves -
Arteries take blood out Veins take blood back in The Heart consists of 4 Chambers: Left/Right Arteries & Left/Right Ventricals. They connect to the Aorta-The Arteries-Capillaries-Veins.
Reproductive System - ☑️ Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)
Genetics - ☑️ The scientific study of heredity
Punnett Square - ☑️ A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Darwins Theory - ☑️ best suited will survive, overproduction creates competition, variations within a species
Life Cycle of a Frog - ☑️ Egg-->tadpole-->froglet-->frog
Taxonomy - ☑️ The scientific study of how living things are classified Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species
Photosynthesis - ☑️ Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
- Plants harness energy from the Sun
- They use Chlorophyl to absorb energy (why plants are green.
- Energy is stored in area called Chloroplast.
- Chemical reaction that creates carbs & involves h2o and co2.
- Breaks these two apart and Bonds onto the H2O = Carbon that is hydrated or "Carbohydrate".
Plant Respiration - ☑️ Breaking down a sugar molecule and releasing energy.
Ecosystem Roles - ☑️ Producer: Plants, Trees Primary Consumer: Rabbits, Gophers Secondary Consumer: Snakes, Lizards Tertiary Consumer: Hawks, Eagles Decomposer: Fungi, Bacteria
types of relationships between organisms - ☑️ Mutualism: Both members benefit Parasitism: One member benefits, the other is harmed (Tick/Tapeworm) Commensalism: One member benefits, the other is unaffected (Little fish under big shark) Predation: Non-Symbiotic Relationship in which a predator hunts and preys.
Osmosis - ☑️ Causes salt to move across a permeable membrane from an area of greater salinity- to an area of lesser salinity.
Ex. Blue dye into glass of water with white flower. 24 hrs later = Wilter light blue flower. *This is the same reason why Humans can't drink salt water.
Lunar Phases - ☑️ The different appearances of the moon from Earth throughout the month. New Moon, Waxing Crescent, Quarter Moon, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Quarter Moon, Waxing Crescent.
Tides - ☑️ the regular rise and fall of the ocean's surface influenced by the moon's gravity pulling on earth. When moon & Sun are in alignment = more extreme tides, Spring Tides. When moon & sun are pulling at Perpendicular Angles = less extreme tides, Neap Tides.
Life cycle of a Star - ☑️
The Solar System - ☑️ Consist of the sun, moon, 8 planets and their moon, meteors, asteroids, and comets
The Milky Way - ☑️ Our solar system. ~100,000 million stars Spiral shape, with arms extending out from the center
Layers of the Earth - ☑️ crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Weathering - ☑️ The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
Landforms - ☑️ Features that make up the earth's surface such as a plain, mountain, or valley.
The Rock Cycle - ☑️ Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)
Plate Tectonics - ☑️ theory that crustal plates on surface are in motion A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.
Plate Movements - ☑️ Divergent: Move away each other Convergent: Move towards each other Transform: Move against each other
Water Cycle - ☑️
Weather Systems - ☑️ Pressure: High/ Low
-Occupational -Mental
Digestive System - ☑️ Mouth & Tongue break down food. Saliva begins digestive process. Esophagus carries food to stomach. Stomach mixes enzymes & breaks down proteins. Semi-liquid food enters small intestine & Nutrients are absorbed. Waste and undigested food enters large intestine then to Rectum, and out Anus.
Skeletal System - ☑️ Thorax: Ribs & Sternum Pelvis: hip bones & sacrum. Femer: Thighbone Patella: Kneecap Tibia: shinbone Tarsal: 7 anklebones 5 Metatarsals form instep of foot. Clavicle: Shoulder bone Scapula: shoulder blade Humerus: upper arm bone (elbow) Carpal: 8 wrist bones Metacarpal: 5 bones that form palm Joint: No bones meet Cranium: Skull w/ brain
Spinal Column - ☑️ Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Fused Sacrum and Fused Coccyx.
Nervous System - ☑️ Complex set of nervous cells that receive and transmit information to and from the brain and spinal cord.
Contains Central and Peripheral nervous systems
Absolute Value - ☑️ a number's distance from zero on a number line
Rational Numbers, Integers, Whole Numbers - ☑️ Rational (.35, 3/4): Include Integers and Whole Numbers. Integers (-3): include Whole numbers Whole Numbers: 75,605.
