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2math/science
FractionatoaDecimala-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa2/4=1/2=0. Percentatoaaafractiona-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa12%a=a12/ FractionsawithaCommonaDenominatora-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa2/3axa3/4axa1/2a=a16/24,a18/24/,a12/ FractionaonaaaNumberaLinea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa11/16a(Pleaseaexcuseamyadearaauntasally) DistributiveaPropertya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaA(aBa+aC) CommutitiveaPropertya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAa+aBa=aBa+aA AssociativeaPropertya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAa+a(Ba+aC)a=a(Aa+aB)a+aC AaPerfectasquarea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaSquareaRootaofa 144 aisa 12 AdditiveaInverseaPropertya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa 4 a+a-4a=a 0 MultiplicitiveaInverseaPropertya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa 4 axa1/4a=a 1 Functiona-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaFunctionaw/outaexponentagenerallyaproducesaaastraightalinea(StemaLine).a Functionawithaexponentagenerallyaproducesaaacurvedaline SlopeaFormulaa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aay=mx+b rise/runaorachangeainayaoverachangeainax FactoringaEquationsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa(3xa+a3ya+az)a+a 2 a(ax+y+z)a=a 5 a(xa+aya+az) SlopeaFormulaa 2 a-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aay2-y1/x2-x YaIntercepta-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aatheapointawhereathealineacrossesatheayaaxisatheavalueaforayawhenax=0.
Ratioa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAacomparisonaofatwoaquantities. 2 achoc.achips/everya 4 aoatmealacookies RatiosaCont.a-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaWhenaweaknowatwoarationsaareaproportionate,aandaweahavea 3 aofa 4 aquantities,aweacanasolveafo rathea4thausingacrossamultiplication. Ex.aAliciaaisausingaaagardenahoseatoafillaaapool.aForaeverya 2 amina=a 3 ainaofawater.aHowalongaifasheawants a 2 aftadepth?a2/3a=ax/21a=a3xa=a42.aXa=a 14 amin. ParabolaaFormulaa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheaU-shapedagraphaofaaaquadraticafunction ParabulaaFormula Inequalitiesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaaamathematicalasentenceainvolvinga<,a>,aora=aplusa.a Solve:a5.a-3xa- Whenagraphingainequalities,abeginabyagraphingathealineathenadetermineatheashadinga(+aup,a-adown). Solveaforasystemsaofaequationsaandaquadraticaequationsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaEliminateaoneaofatheavariablesaandasolveaforaxaanday.a2xa+aya=a 3 a3xa+a2ya=a 9 xa=a-3a&aplugainatoafindaY.aY=a9. Factoringa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaRewritingaanaexpressionaasatheaproductaofaitsafactors measurementa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaKilometer-a1,000ameters Hectometer-a 100 ameters Decameter-a 10 ameters decimeter-a1/10ameters centimeters-a1/100ameters millimeters-a1/1000ameters supplementaryaanglesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTwoaanglesawhoseasumaisa 180 adegrees complimentaryaanglesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAnglesawhoseameasureaaddsaupatoa 90 adegrees. acuteaanglea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaanaangleathatameasuresalessathana 90 adegrees obtuseaanglea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAnaangleathatameasuresamoreathana 90 adegreesabutalessathana 180 adegrees rightaanglea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaanaangleathatameasuresa 90 adegrees
ProbabilityaofaMultipleaComplementaryaEventsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTwoaoramoreathingsahappeningaatatheasameatime,athatasomehowacomplimentingaoraaffectingao neaanother.a Ex.aRollinga 2 adiceaatatheasameatime.aWhataareathea#aofawaysabothadiceaaddaupatoa2?a D1:a1,2,3,4,5.a D2:a5,4,3,2,1.a=6/36a=a1/6. Ex.aWhataisatheaprobabilityathatatheavaluesawillaaddaupatoaaatotalaofa7? ProbabilityausingaSpinnersa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaWhataisatheaprobabilityathatatheavaluesashownawillaaddaupatoaaatotalaofa6? Sp1:a1,2,3,4. Sp2:a1,2,3,4,5,6a**aWhichapairsaaddaupatoa6?a=a4/24a=a1/6. Whichapairaofaspinnersagivesatheagreatestaprobabilityathatatheavaluesashownawillaaddaupatoaanaeven/ oddanumber? Sp1:a1,2,3,4aEvena=a2,4.a=a2/4a=a1/ Sp2:a1,2,3,4,5,6aEvena=a3/6a=a1/ Odd-aSameaconceptaasaEven. Combinationsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaCombinationsainvolveatheaarrangementaofaelementsaintoagroupsawithoutaregardatoaorder.aEac hagroupaisausuallyaindependent,ameaning,awhatayouachooseainaoneagroupadoesanotaaffectatheaoptionsay ouamayachooseafromainatheanext. Ex.aAaschoolalunchamustaincluda(Fruit,aEntree,adessert).aHowamanyadifferentalunchesacanabeacreatedau singatheaitemsabelow? Permutationsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaInvolveaanaarrangementainawhichaorderaISasignificant.a Ex.aHowamanyawaysacanapeopleabeaorderedainaaaline?a Ex.aHowamanyawaysacanapeopleabearankedainaaacontest? Ex.aInahowamanyauniqueaordersacana 5 ahorsesafinishaaarace? Collectinga&aRepresentingaDataa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaSurvey:aAasamplingaofafacts,afiguresaoraopinionsausedatoaapproximateasomethingaaboutaaapop ulation.a Random:aSporadicasurvey. Representative:aEnoughapeopleatoarepresentaaacertainapopulation.a Bias:aSurveysanotatrulyarandomaorarepresentative. SkewedaBias:aEx.a2,000apeopleaaskedaataaamallaMon- Friabetweena8amaanda5pmaifatheyaworkainaeducation. Limiteda&aSkewed:asameaasaskewed,abutaaskingaonlya2-5apeople. MeasuresaofaCentralaTendanciesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaMean:aAddavaluesaandadivideabya#aofavalues Median:aMiddlea#aora 2 amiddlea#sainaorder. Mode:aWhichavalueaoccursatheamost/frequently. Outliers:aInconsistencyaofamembersadistributed.aUseaMedianatoasolve. NGSSaScientificaMethod`a-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa1.aStateatheaproblem 2.aFormaHypothesis 3.aExperimentaandaObserve
4.aInterpretaData 5.aDrawaConclusions Mattera-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAnythingathatahasamassa&atakesaupaspace LawaofaConservationa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaMatteracannotabeacreated/destroys.aItasimplyachangesaforms Elementa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAasubstanceathatacannotaeaseparatedaintoasimplerasubstancesabyachemicalameans. Atoma-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaSmallestaunitaofaanaelementathatastillahasatheapropertiesaofathataelement. Composedaofa 3 aSubatomicaparticles:aProtons,aNeutrons,aElectrons Protonsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaHaveaaapositiveacharge LocatedainsideatheaNucleus Massa=a 1 aAMUa(AtomicaMassaUnit). Neutronsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaHaveaaaNeutralaCharge LocatedainsideatheaNucleus Massa=a 1 aAMU Electronsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaHaveaaaNegativeaCharge OrbitsaaroundatheaNucleus Massa=aAppxa1/1836thaAMU BalancedaAtoma-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaSamea#aofaProtonsa&aElectrons ImbalancedaAtoma-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaIonsacanabea+aora- Ex.aIfamoreaNegativeapeopleaareainaaaroom,athearoomahasaaanegativeavibe.aIfamoreanegativeaparticlesaar eainaanaAtom,aitabecomesaaanegative. Isotopea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaIfaAtomahasadifferenta#aofaNeutronsathanaitsanormalaamount. AtomicaMassa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheaamountaofamatterathatamakesaupaanaAtom Atomica#a-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaThea#aofaProtonsaanaAtomahas. RadioactiveaDecaya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaMostaIsotopesadecayabackaintoatheiranormalaformsaoveratime.aTheatimearequiredafora1/2atheaat omsaofaaaparticularasubstanceatoadisintegrateaisaknownaasathatasubstance'sa"Half-Life,"aora 5400 ayears.a Thearateaofadecayaslowsadownaaftera 5400 ayears.
normalarain milk/water seaawater bakingasoda milkaofamagnesium ammonia soapyawater bleach SpeedaFormulaa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaSpeeda=aDistance/Time Accelerationa=acurvedaline Constanta=astraightaline Distance/Placementa=aUpaandadowna(jagged). Newton'saLawsaofaMotiona-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa1.aInamotionastaysainamotionaunlessaactedaupon 2.aFa=ama 3.aActiona=areaction Energya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheaabilityatoadoawork IsameasuredainaCalories Ex.aKineticaEnergya(Energyainamotion) PotentialaEnergya(StoredaEnergy LawaofaConservationa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaEnergyacananeverabeacreatedaoradestroyed,ajustatransformedafromaoneaformaintoaanother. FormsaofaEnergya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaRenewable: Solar,aWind,aHydroaelectric,aNuclear Non-Renewable:a Oil,aCoal,aNaturalaGas NaturalaResourcea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAnyanaturalamaterialathataisausedabyahumans AlbertaEinstein'saTheoryaofaRelativitya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaSpaceaandaTimeaarearelative,anotaabsolute QuantumaTheorya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaMatteraandaEnergyahaveatheapropertiesaofabothaparticlesaandawaves. Electromagnitisma-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaThearelationshipabetweenaelectricityaandamagnetism. Howacanaelectricityabeausedatoagenerateaaalightabulb?a-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa1.aSomethingaspinsaaagenerator
2.aAsamagnetarotatesainside,aitacausesaelectronsatoabuildaupa(aacharge)a&Electronsawantatoagoagroundao ut. 3.aTheacopperametalawireaactsaasaaaconductor,aleadingatheaelectronsatowardaotheraAtoms. 4.aPassesathroughaaalightbulb.aFlipatheaswitch,acloseatheacircuit.aElectronsatravelathroughaintoathealight bulb.a 5.aInsideaLB,aisaaaFillament,aoftenamadeaofaaametalathataprovidesamorearesistance,amakingaitaharderafor aElectronsatoapass.a 6.aElectronsapush.aAsatheyadoathereaisaFriction.aHeataisacreated,awhichaglowsatheaLB.a 7.aThea2ndaConductoraisaaacoolingaconductor.aItacirculatesaandabeginsaprocessaagain. Temperaturea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAameasureaofatheaaverageaenergyaofamotionaofatheaparticlesaofaaasubstance. Fastera=amoreaheat. ThermalaEnergya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheatotalapotentialaandakineticaenergyaofatheaparticlesainaanaobject. Ex.aAabathtubaata90FahasamoreaThermalaEnergyathanaaacupaofateaaata120F. Conductiona-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheadirectatransferaofaheatafromaoneasubstanceatoaanotherasubstanceathataitaisatouching. Convectiona-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheatransferaofathermalaenergyabyatheacirculationaoramovementaofaaaliquidaoragas Radiationa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaEnergyathataisaradiatedaoratransmittedainatheaformaofaraysaorawavesaoraparticles. LightaWavesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaRaysathatacomeafromaaalightasource.a(Ex:avisiblealight-ROYGBIV) Raysathatacomeafromaaalightasource.a(Ex:avisiblealight-ROYGBIV) RadioaWavesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaElectromagneticawavesawithathealongestawavelengthsaandalowestafrequencies InfraredaWavesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aasecondaonatheaelectromagneticaspectrumagoingafromalowestatoahighestafrequency.acanabeafelta asaheat UltravioletaWavesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aahaveafrequenciesaslightlyahigherathanavisiblealight;acanadamageaskin Reflectiona-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheabouncingabackaofaaawaveaafteraitahitsaaasurface Refractiona-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheabendingaofaaawaveaasaitapassesaataanaangleafromaoneamediumatoaanother GreenhouseaAffecta-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheaabilityaofaEarth'saatmosphereatoaholdaandareuseaenergyacloseatoatheaEarth'sasurface Gasesagetatrappedainaouraatmosphereaandawarmatheaearth SoundaWavesa-a
Veinsatakeabloodabackain TheaHeartaconsistsaofa 4 aChambers:aLeft/RightaArteriesa&aLeft/RightaVentricals. TheyaconnectatoatheaAorta-TheaArteries-Capillaries-Veins. ReproductiveaSystema-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaReproduceaoffspring-aproduceamaleasexacellsa(sperm)aandafemaleasexacellsa(oocytes) Geneticsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheascientificastudyaofaheredity PunnettaSquarea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaAachartathatashowsaallatheapossibleacombinationsaofaallelesathatacanaresultafromaaageneticacros s DarwinsaTheorya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aabestasuitedawillasurvive,aoverproductionacreatesacompetition,avariationsawithinaaaspecies LifeaCycleaofaaaFroga-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaEgg-->tadpole-->froglet-->frog Taxonomya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheascientificastudyaofahowalivingathingsaareaclassified Kingdom,aPhylum,aClass,aOrder,aGenus,aSpecies Photosynthesisa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaPlantsauseatheasun'saenergyatoaconvertawateraandacarbonadioxideaintoasugars 1.aPlantsaharnessaenergyafromatheaSun 2.aTheyauseaChlorophylatoaabsorbaenergya(whyaplantsaareagreen. 3.aEnergyaisastoredainaareaacalledaChloroplast. 4.aChemicalareactionathatacreatesacarbsa&ainvolvesah2oaandaco2. 5.aBreaksatheseatwoaapartaandaBondsaontoatheaH2Oa=aCarbonathataisahydratedaora"Carbohydrate". PlantaRespirationa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaBreakingadownaaasugaramoleculeaandareleasingaenergy. EcosystemaRolesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaProducer:aPlants,aTrees PrimaryaConsumer:aRabbits,aGophers SecondaryaConsumer:aSnakes,aLizards TertiaryaConsumer:aHawks,aEagles Decomposer:aFungi,aBacteria typesaofarelationshipsabetweenaorganismsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaMutualism:aBothamembersabenefita Parasitism:aOneamemberabenefits,atheaotheraisaharmeda(Tick/Tapeworm) Commensalism:aOneamemberabenefits,atheaotheraisaunaffecteda(Littleafishaunderabigashark) Predation:aNon-SymbioticaRelationshipainawhichaaapredatorahuntsaandapreys. Osmosisa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaCausesasaltatoamoveaacrossaaapermeableamembraneafromaanaareaaofagreaterasalinity- atoaanaareaaofalesserasalinity.a Ex.aBlueadyeaintoaglassaofawaterawithawhiteaflower.a 24 ahrsalatera=aWilteralightablueaflower.a
*ThisaisatheasameareasonawhyaHumansacan'tadrinkasaltawater. LunaraPhasesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheadifferentaappearancesaofatheamoonafromaEarthathroughoutatheamonth. NewaMoon,aWaxingaCrescent,aQuarteraMoon,aWaxingaGibbous,aFullaMoon,aWaningaGibbous,aQuarte raMoon,aWaxingaCrescent. Tidesa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aathearegularariseaandafallaofatheaocean'sasurfaceainfluencedabyatheamoon'sagravityapullingaonaea rth. Whenamoona&aSunaareainaalignmenta=amoreaextremeatides,aSpringaTides.a Whenamoona&asunaareapullingaataPerpendicularaAnglesa=alessaextremeatides,aNeapaTides. LifeacycleaofaaaStara-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa TheaSolaraSystema-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaConsistaofatheasun,amoon,a 8 aplanetsaandatheiramoon,ameteors,aasteroids,aandacomets TheaMilkyaWaya-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaOurasolarasystem. ~100,000amillionastars Spiralashape,awithaarmsaextendingaoutafromatheacenter LayersaofatheaEartha-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aacrust,amantle,aouteracore,ainneracore Weatheringa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaTheabreakingadownaofarocksaandaotheramaterialsaonatheaEarth'sasurface. Landformsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaFeaturesathatamakeaupatheaearth'sasurfaceasuchaasaaaplain,amountain,aoravalley. TheaRockaCyclea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaRocksaareaplacedaintoagroupsaaccordingatoahowatheyaforma(igneous,asedimentary,ametamorp hic) PlateaTectonicsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aatheoryathatacrustalaplatesaonasurfaceaareainamotion Aatheoryastatingathatatheaearth'sasurfaceaisabrokenaintoaplatesathatamove. PlateaMovementsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaDivergent:aMoveaawayaeachaother Convergent:aMoveatowardsaeachaother Transform:aMoveaagainstaeachaother WateraCyclea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aa WeatheraSystemsa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaPressure:aHigh/aLow High-Fairaweather
-Mental DigestiveaSystema-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaMoutha&aTongueabreakadownafood. Salivaabeginsadigestiveaprocess. Esophagusacarriesafoodatoastomach. Stomachamixesaenzymesa&abreaksadownaproteins.a Semi-liquidafoodaentersasmallaintestinea&aNutrientsaareaabsorbed. WasteaandaundigestedafoodaentersalargeaintestineathenatoaRectum,aandaoutaAnus. SkeletalaSystema-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaThorax:aRibsa&aSternum Pelvis:ahipabonesa&asacrum. Femer:aThighbone Patella:aKneecap Tibia:ashinbone Tarsal:a 7 aanklebones 5 aMetatarsalsaformainstepaofafoot. Clavicle:aShoulderabone Scapula:ashoulderablade Humerus:aupperaarmabonea(elbow) Carpal:a 8 awristabones Metacarpal:a 5 abonesathataformapalm Joint:aNoabonesameet Cranium:aSkullaw/abrain SpinalaColumna-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaCervical,aThoracic,aLumbar,aFusedaSacrumaandaFusedaCoccyx. NervousaSystema-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaComplexasetaofanervousacellsathatareceiveaandatransmitainformationatoaandafromatheabrainaand aspinalacord.a ContainsaCentralaandaPeripheralanervousasystems AbsoluteaValuea-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaaanumber'sadistanceafromazeroaonaaanumberaline RationalaNumbers,aIntegers,aWholeaNumbersa-a aaaaaaaaaa☑️ aaRationala(.35,a3/4):aIncludeaIntegersaandaWholeaNumbers. Integersa(-3):aincludeaWholeanumbersa WholeaNumbers:a75,605.
