Download CSET Multiple Subject Subtest: Math and Science Study Guide and more Exams Science education in PDF only on Docsity!
CSET Multiple Subject Subtest
2math/science
FractionytoyDecimaly-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy2/4=1/2=0. Percentytoyayfractiony-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy12%y=y12/ FractionsywithyCommonyDenominatory-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy2/3yxy3/4yxy1/2y=y16/24,y18/24/,y12/ FractionyonyayNumberyLiney-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy11/16y(Pleaseyexcuseymyydearyauntysally) DistributiveyPropertyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyA(yBy+yC) CommutitiveyPropertyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAy+yBy=yBy+yA AssociativeyPropertyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAy+y(By+yC)y=y(Ay+yB)y+yC AyPerfectysquarey-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yySquareyRootyofy 144 yisy 12 AdditiveyInverseyPropertyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy 4 y+y-4y=y 0 MultiplicitiveyInverseyPropertyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy 4 yxy1/4y=y 1 Functiony-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyFunctionyw/outyexponentygenerallyyproducesyaystraightyliney(StemyLine).y Functionywithyexponentygenerallyyproducesyaycurvedyline SlopeyFormulay-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyy=mx+b rise/runyorychangeyinyyyoverychangeyinyx FactoringyEquationsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy(3xy+y3yy+yz)y+y 2 y(yx+y+z)y=y 5 y(xy+yyy+yz) SlopeyFormulay 2 y-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyy2-y1/x2-x YyIntercepty-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yytheypointywhereytheylineycrossesytheyyyaxisytheyvalueyforyyywhenyx=0.
Ratioy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAycomparisonyofytwoyquantities. 2 ychoc.ychips/everyy 4 yoatmealycookies RatiosyCont.y-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyWhenyweyknowytwoyrationsyareyproportionate,yandyweyhavey 3 yofy 4 yquantities,yweycanysolvey forythey4thyusingycrossymultiplication. Ex.yAliciayisyusingyaygardenyhoseytoyfillyaypool.yForyeveryy 2 yminy=y 3 yinyofywater.yHowylongyifysheywan tsy 2 yftydepth?y2/3y=yx/21y=y3xy=y42.yXy=y 14 ymin. ParabolayFormulay-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheyU-shapedygraphyofyayquadraticyfunction ParabulayFormula Inequalitiesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyaymathematicalysentenceyinvolvingy<,y>,yory=yplusy.y Solve:y5.y-3xy- Whenygraphingyinequalities,ybeginybyygraphingytheylineythenydetermineytheyshadingy(+yup,y-ydown). Solveyforysystemsyofyequationsyandyquadraticyequationsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyEliminateyoneyofytheyvariablesyandysolveyforyxyandyy.y2xy+yyy=y 3 y3xy+y2yy=y 9 xy=y-3y&yplugyinytoyfindyY.yY=y9. Factoringy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyRewritingyanyexpressionyasytheyproductyofyitsyfactors measurementy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyKilometer-y1,000ymeters Hectometer-y 100 ymeters Decameter-y 10 ymeters decimeter-y1/10ymeters centimeters-y1/100ymeters millimeters-y1/1000ymeters supplementaryyanglesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTwoyanglesywhoseysumyisy 180 ydegrees complimentaryyanglesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAnglesywhoseymeasureyaddsyupytoy 90 ydegrees. acuteyangley-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyanyangleythatymeasuresylessythany 90 ydegrees obtuseyangley-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAnyangleythatymeasuresymoreythany 90 ydegreesybutylessythany 180 ydegrees rightyangley-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyanyangleythatymeasuresy 90 ydegrees
ProbabilityyofyMultipleyComplementaryyEventsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTwoyorymoreythingsyhappeningyatytheysameytime,ythatysomehowycomplimentingyoryaffecting yoneyanother.y Ex.yRollingy 2 ydiceyatytheysameytime.yWhatyareythey#yofywaysybothydiceyaddyupytoy2?y D1:y1,2,3,4,5.y D2:y5,4,3,2,1.y=6/36y=y1/6. Ex.yWhatyisytheyprobabilityythatytheyvaluesywillyaddyupytoyaytotalyofy7? ProbabilityyusingySpinnersy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyWhatyisytheyprobabilityythatytheyvaluesyshownywillyaddyupytoyaytotalyofy6? Sp1:y1,2,3,4. Sp2:y1,2,3,4,5,6y**yWhichypairsyaddyupytoy6?y=y4/24y=y1/6. Whichypairyofyspinnersygivesytheygreatestyprobabilityythatytheyvaluesyshownywillyaddyupytoyanyeven/ oddynumber? Sp1:y1,2,3,4yEveny=y2,4.y=y2/4y=y1/ Sp2:y1,2,3,4,5,6yEveny=y3/6y=y1/ Odd-ySameyconceptyasyEven. Combinationsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyCombinationsyinvolveytheyarrangementyofyelementsyintoygroupsywithoutyregardytoyorder.yEa chygroupyisyusuallyyindependent,ymeaning,ywhatyyouychooseyinyoneygroupydoesynotyaffectytheyoptions yyouymayychooseyfromyinytheynext. Ex.yAyschoolylunchymustyincludy(Fruit,yEntree,ydessert).yHowymanyydifferentylunchesycanybeycreatedy usingytheyitemsybelow? Permutationsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyInvolveyanyarrangementyinywhichyorderyISysignificant.y Ex.yHowymanyywaysycanypeopleybeyorderedyinyayline?y Ex.yHowymanyywaysycanypeopleybeyrankedyinyaycontest? Ex.yInyhowymanyyuniqueyordersycany 5 yhorsesyfinishyayrace? Collectingy&yRepresentingyDatay-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yySurvey:yAysamplingyofyfacts,yfiguresyoryopinionsyusedytoyapproximateysomethingyaboutyayp opulation.y Random:ySporadicysurvey. Representative:yEnoughypeopleytoyrepresentyaycertainypopulation.y Bias:ySurveysynotytrulyyrandomyoryrepresentative. SkewedyBias:yEx.y2,000ypeopleyaskedyatyaymallyMon- Friybetweeny8amyandy5pmyifytheyyworkyinyeducation. Limitedy&ySkewed:ysameyasyskewed,ybutyaskingyonlyy2-5ypeople. MeasuresyofyCentralyTendanciesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyMean:yAddyvaluesyandydivideybyy#yofyvalues Median:yMiddley#yory 2 ymiddley#syinyorder. Mode:yWhichyvalueyoccursytheymost/frequently. Outliers:yInconsistencyyofymembersydistributed.yUseyMedianytoysolve. NGSSyScientificyMethod`y-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy1.yStateytheyproblem 2.yFormyHypothesis 3.yExperimentyandyObserve
4.yInterpretyData 5.yDrawyConclusions Mattery-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAnythingythatyhasymassy&ytakesyupyspace LawyofyConservationy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyMatterycannotybeycreated/destroys.yItysimplyychangesyforms Elementy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAysubstanceythatycannotyeyseparatedyintoysimplerysubstancesybyychemicalymeans. Atomy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yySmallestyunityofyanyelementythatystillyhasytheypropertiesyofythatyelement. Composedyofy 3 ySubatomicyparticles:yProtons,yNeutrons,yElectrons Protonsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyHaveyaypositiveycharge LocatedyinsideytheyNucleus Massy=y 1 yAMUy(AtomicyMassyUnit). Neutronsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyHaveyayNeutralyCharge LocatedyinsideytheyNucleus Massy=y 1 yAMU Electronsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyHaveyayNegativeyCharge OrbitsyaroundytheyNucleus Massy=yAppxy1/1836thyAMU BalancedyAtomy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yySamey#yofyProtonsy&yElectrons ImbalancedyAtomy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyIonsycanybey+yory- Ex.yIfymoreyNegativeypeopleyareyinyayroom,ytheyroomyhasyaynegativeyvibe.yIfymoreynegativeyparticlesy areyinyanyAtom,yitybecomesyaynegative. Isotopey-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyIfyAtomyhasydifferenty#yofyNeutronsythanyitsynormalyamount. AtomicyMassy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheyamountyofymatterythatymakesyupyanyAtom Atomicy#y-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyThey#yofyProtonsyanyAtomyhas. RadioactiveyDecayy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyMostyIsotopesydecayybackyintoytheirynormalyformsyoverytime.yTheytimeyrequiredyfory1/2ythey atomsyofyayparticularysubstanceytoydisintegrateyisyknownyasythatysubstance'sy"Half- Life,"yory 5400 yyears.y
acidyrain normalyrain milk/water seaywater bakingysoda milkyofymagnesium ammonia soapyywater bleach SpeedyFormulay-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yySpeedy=yDistance/Time Accelerationy=ycurvedyline Constanty=ystraightyline Distance/Placementy=yUpyandydowny(jagged). Newton'syLawsyofyMotiony-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy1.yInymotionystaysyinymotionyunlessyactedyupon 2.yFy=yma 3.yActiony=yreaction Energyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheyabilityytoydoywork IsymeasuredyinyCalories Ex.yKineticyEnergyy(Energyyinymotion) PotentialyEnergyy(StoredyEnergy LawyofyConservationy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyEnergyycanyneverybeycreatedyorydestroyed,yjustytransformedyfromyoneyformyintoyanother. FormsyofyEnergyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyRenewable: Solar,yWind,yHydroyelectric,yNuclear Non-Renewable:y Oil,yCoal,yNaturalyGas NaturalyResourcey-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAnyynaturalymaterialythatyisyusedybyyhumans AlbertyEinstein'syTheoryyofyRelativityy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yySpaceyandyTimeyareyrelative,ynotyabsolute QuantumyTheoryy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyMatteryandyEnergyyhaveytheypropertiesyofybothyparticlesyandywaves. Electromagnitismy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheyrelationshipybetweenyelectricityyandymagnetism. Howycanyelectricityybeyusedytoygenerateyaylightybulb?y-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy1.ySomethingyspinsyaygenerator
2.yAsymagnetyrotatesyinside,yitycausesyelectronsytoybuildyupy(aycharge)y&Electronsywantytoygoygroundy out. 3.yTheycopperymetalywireyactsyasyayconductor,yleadingytheyelectronsytowardyotheryAtoms. 4.yPassesythroughyaylightbulb.yFlipytheyswitch,ycloseytheycircuit.yElectronsytravelythroughyintoytheyligh tbulb.y 5.yInsideyLB,yisyayFillament,yoftenymadeyofyaymetalythatyprovidesymoreyresistance,ymakingyityharderyf oryElectronsytoypass.y 6.yElectronsypush.yAsytheyydoythereyisyFriction.yHeatyisycreated,ywhichyglowsytheyLB.y 7.yThey2ndyConductoryisyaycoolingyconductor.yItycirculatesyandybeginsyprocessyagain. Temperaturey-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAymeasureyofytheyaverageyenergyyofymotionyofytheyparticlesyofyaysubstance. Fastery=ymoreyheat. ThermalyEnergyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheytotalypotentialyandykineticyenergyyofytheyparticlesyinyanyobject. Ex.yAybathtubyaty90FyhasymoreyThermalyEnergyythanyaycupyofyteayaty120F. Conductiony-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheydirectytransferyofyheatyfromyoneysubstanceytoyanotherysubstanceythatyityisytouching. Convectiony-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheytransferyofythermalyenergyybyytheycirculationyorymovementyofyayliquidyorygas Radiationy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyEnergyythatyisyradiatedyorytransmittedyinytheyformyofyraysyorywavesyoryparticles. LightyWavesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyRaysythatycomeyfromyaylightysource.y(Ex:yvisibleylight-ROYGBIV) Raysythatycomeyfromyaylightysource.y(Ex:yvisibleylight-ROYGBIV) RadioyWavesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyElectromagneticywavesywithytheylongestywavelengthsyandylowestyfrequencies InfraredyWavesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yysecondyonytheyelectromagneticyspectrumygoingyfromylowestytoyhighestyfrequency.ycanybeyfe ltyasyheat UltravioletyWavesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyhaveyfrequenciesyslightlyyhigherythanyvisibleylight;ycanydamageyskin Reflectiony-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheybouncingybackyofyaywaveyafteryityhitsyaysurface Refractiony-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheybendingyofyaywaveyasyitypassesyatyanyangleyfromyoneymediumytoyanother GreenhouseyAffecty-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheyabilityyofyEarth'syatmosphereytoyholdyandyreuseyenergyycloseytoytheyEarth'sysurface Gasesygetytrappedyinyouryatmosphereyandywarmytheyearth SoundyWavesy-y
Arteriesytakeybloodyout Veinsytakeybloodybackyin TheyHeartyconsistsyofy 4 yChambers:yLeft/RightyArteriesy&yLeft/RightyVentricals. TheyyconnectytoytheyAorta-TheyArteries-Capillaries-Veins. ReproductiveySystemy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyReproduceyoffspring-yproduceymaleysexycellsy(sperm)yandyfemaleysexycellsy(oocytes) Geneticsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheyscientificystudyyofyheredity PunnettySquarey-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyAychartythatyshowsyallytheypossibleycombinationsyofyallelesythatycanyresultyfromyaygeneticycr oss DarwinsyTheoryy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yybestysuitedywillysurvive,yoverproductionycreatesycompetition,yvariationsywithinyayspecies LifeyCycleyofyayFrogy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyEgg-->tadpole-->froglet-->frog Taxonomyy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheyscientificystudyyofyhowylivingythingsyareyclassified Kingdom,yPhylum,yClass,yOrder,yGenus,ySpecies Photosynthesisy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyPlantsyuseytheysun'syenergyytoyconvertywateryandycarbonydioxideyintoysugars 1.yPlantsyharnessyenergyyfromytheySun 2.yTheyyuseyChlorophylytoyabsorbyenergyy(whyyplantsyareygreen. 3.yEnergyyisystoredyinyareaycalledyChloroplast. 4.yChemicalyreactionythatycreatesycarbsy&yinvolvesyh2oyandyco2. 5.yBreaksytheseytwoyapartyandyBondsyontoytheyH2Oy=yCarbonythatyisyhydratedyory"Carbohydrate". PlantyRespirationy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyBreakingydownyaysugarymoleculeyandyreleasingyenergy. EcosystemyRolesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyProducer:yPlants,yTrees PrimaryyConsumer:yRabbits,yGophers SecondaryyConsumer:ySnakes,yLizards TertiaryyConsumer:yHawks,yEagles Decomposer:yFungi,yBacteria typesyofyrelationshipsybetweenyorganismsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyMutualism:yBothymembersybenefity Parasitism:yOneymemberybenefits,ytheyotheryisyharmedy(Tick/Tapeworm) Commensalism:yOneymemberybenefits,ytheyotheryisyunaffectedy(Littleyfishyunderybigyshark) Predation:yNon-SymbioticyRelationshipyinywhichyaypredatoryhuntsyandypreys. Osmosisy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyCausesysaltytoymoveyacrossyaypermeableymembraneyfromyanyareayofygreaterysalinity- ytoyanyareayofylesserysalinity.y
Ex.yBlueydyeyintoyglassyofywaterywithywhiteyflower.y 24 yhrsylatery=yWilterylightyblueyflower.y *ThisyisytheysameyreasonywhyyHumansycan'tydrinkysaltywater. LunaryPhasesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheydifferentyappearancesyofytheymoonyfromyEarthythroughoutytheymonth. NewyMoon,yWaxingyCrescent,yQuarteryMoon,yWaxingyGibbous,yFullyMoon,yWaningyGibbous,yQuart eryMoon,yWaxingyCrescent. Tidesy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yytheyregularyriseyandyfallyofytheyocean'sysurfaceyinfluencedybyytheymoon'sygravityypullingyony earth. Whenymoony&ySunyareyinyalignmenty=ymoreyextremeytides,ySpringyTides.y Whenymoony&ysunyareypullingyatyPerpendicularyAnglesy=ylessyextremeytides,yNeapyTides. LifeycycleyofyayStary-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy TheySolarySystemy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyConsistyofytheysun,ymoon,y 8 yplanetsyandytheirymoon,ymeteors,yasteroids,yandycomets TheyMilkyyWayy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyOurysolarysystem. ~100,000ymillionystars Spiralyshape,ywithyarmsyextendingyoutyfromytheycenter LayersyofytheyEarthy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yycrust,ymantle,youterycore,yinnerycore Weatheringy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyTheybreakingydownyofyrocksyandyotherymaterialsyonytheyEarth'sysurface. Landformsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyFeaturesythatymakeyupytheyearth'sysurfaceysuchyasyayplain,ymountain,yoryvalley. TheyRockyCycley-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyRocksyareyplacedyintoygroupsyaccordingytoyhowytheyyformy(igneous,ysedimentary,ymetamor phic) PlateyTectonicsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yytheoryythatycrustalyplatesyonysurfaceyareyinymotion Aytheoryystatingythatytheyearth'sysurfaceyisybrokenyintoyplatesythatymove. PlateyMovementsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyDivergent:yMoveyawayyeachyother Convergent:yMoveytowardsyeachyother Transform:yMoveyagainstyeachyother WateryCycley-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yy WeatherySystemsy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyPressure:yHigh/yLow
-Occupational -Mental DigestiveySystemy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyMouthy&yTongueybreakydownyfood. Salivaybeginsydigestiveyprocess. Esophagusycarriesyfoodytoystomach. Stomachymixesyenzymesy&ybreaksydownyproteins.y Semi-liquidyfoodyentersysmallyintestiney&yNutrientsyareyabsorbed. WasteyandyundigestedyfoodyentersylargeyintestineythenytoyRectum,yandyoutyAnus. SkeletalySystemy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyThorax:yRibsy&ySternum Pelvis:yhipybonesy&ysacrum. Femer:yThighbone Patella:yKneecap Tibia:yshinbone Tarsal:y 7 yanklebones 5 yMetatarsalsyformyinstepyofyfoot. Clavicle:yShoulderybone Scapula:yshoulderyblade Humerus:yupperyarmyboney(elbow) Carpal:y 8 ywristybones Metacarpal:y 5 ybonesythatyformypalm Joint:yNoybonesymeet Cranium:ySkullyw/ybrain SpinalyColumny-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyCervical,yThoracic,yLumbar,yFusedySacrumyandyFusedyCoccyx. NervousySystemy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyComplexysetyofynervousycellsythatyreceiveyandytransmityinformationytoyandyfromytheybrainya ndyspinalycord.y ContainsyCentralyandyPeripheralynervousysystems AbsoluteyValuey-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyaynumber'sydistanceyfromyzeroyonyaynumberyline RationalyNumbers,yIntegers,yWholeyNumbersy-y yyyyyyyyyy☑️ yyRationaly(.35,y3/4):yIncludeyIntegersyandyWholeyNumbers. Integersy(-3):yincludeyWholeynumbersy WholeyNumbers:y75,605.
