Data Presentation - Introduction to Engineering - Lecture Slides, Slides of Microeconomics

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Data Presentation

Graphing

Objectives

• Understand the Usefulness of Data Display in Tables.
• Practice Visual Presentation of Data Including Line Graphs, Circle Charts, and Column Charts.

 Assignment : Handout

Displaying data in tables

• Seeing the number is very important.
• A good table should be identified by a number and have a title that satisfactorily explains the data.
• Data should be presented under headings that include a description or name of each variable and the units of the variable.

Displaying data in tables

Presenting data in line graphs

Creating graphs using related

variables

• The horizontal distance from the y -axis is called the abscissa ; the corresponding vertical distance from the x -axis is called the ordinate.
• The horizontal axis is used to plot the independent variable and the vertical axis shows the dependent variable.

Creating graph scales

• A scale is a series of marks, called graduations , laid down at predetermined distances along the axis.
• Numerical values assigned to major graduations are called calibrations.
• A scale can be uniform with equal spacing along the axis or it can be non-uniform such as the logarithmic scale.
• It is important to note that once you establish the scale you are going to use, you must keep that same scale along the entire axis.

Creating graph scales

Creating graph scales

Creating graph scales

Convention for different types of

data

• Experimental data points are simply plotted and connected by straight lines.
• Interpretations of what is happening between the data points can be drawn from the complete data set.
• A set of theoretical data derived from an equation are plotted as a solid line with no points.

Creating circle charts

• Circle charts or pie graphs allow for comparisons to be made easily. These graphs visually compare (through percentages or ratios) the different information that is placed within them.

Creating column charts

• Identify each item in the category along the x -axis.
• Create a scale on the y -axis to accommodate all of the data.
• Plot the amount of each item as a column above the item.
• The columns can be left open, can be shaded, or can be solid.

Creating column charts