Digital Logic Design: Introduction to Digital Logic and Number Systems, Lecture notes of Digital Logic Design and Programming

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Digital Logic Design:

Course Introduction

Topics

• (^) Course description
  • (^) What’s this course about?
  • (^) Syllabus
    • (^) Textbook and Resources
    • (^) Grading criteria
• (^) Material from Chapter 1
  • (^) Digital Hardware
  • (^) Number systems
  • (^) Codes

Key Learning Objectives

• (^) At the end of this course, you should be able to:
  • (^) Design and build combinational circuits using gates.
  • (^) Design and build sequential circuits using gates and flip- flops
  • (^) Analyze circuits that use more integrated devices such as multiplexors, decoders, shift registers, counters, addressable memories and FIFOs.
  • (^) Convert numbers from/to binary, decimal, and hexadecimal.
  • (^) Write hardware description language to describe digital circuits.
  • (^) Program a programmable logic device.

Textbook and Resources 5

• (^) Digital Logic Design – Morris Mano, th edition.

DLD Introduction Working with electronics means dealing with..??

• (^) Analog
• (^) Digital

Anolog vs. Digital

• (^) Analog Circuit: processes signals that can take any value across a continuous range of a physical quantity. - (^) Voltage, current, etc. - (^) Basic elements: resistor, capacitor, inductor, amplifier, etc.
• (^) Digital Circuit: manipulates signals that can take only one of two discrete values: 0 or 1, low or high, true or false. - (^) Basic elements: Logic gate 8

DLD Introduction Cont...

• (^) Digital Logic is rooted in binary code, a series of zeroes and ones each having an opposite value.
• (^) This system facilitates the design of electronic circuits that convey information, including logic gates.
• (^) Digital Logic
  • (^) DL gate functions include AND,OR &NOT.
  • (^) The value system translates input signals into specific output.
  • (^) Digital Logic facilitates computing, robotics and other electronic applications.
  • (^) DLD is foundational to the fields of electrical engineering and computer engineering.
  • (^) DL designers build complex electronic components that use both electrical and computational characteristics. - (^) These characteristics may involve power, current, logical function, protocol and user input.
  • (^) Design is used to develop hardware, such as circuit boards and processors.
    • (^) This hardware processes user input, system protocol and other data in computers, navigational systems, cell phones or other high-tech systems.

Cont..

• (^) Digital design is concerned with the design of digital electronic circuits
• (^) DLD known by other names such as Logic design, digital logic, switching circuits and digital systems.
• (^) DLD applications: Digital computers, control systems, data communications etc..
• (^) DLD applications are required to design electronic digital hardware.

Digital hardware

• (^) Logic circuits are used to build computer hardware

as well as other products (digital hardware)

• (^) The technology used to build digital hardware has

evolved dramatically over the past few decades.

• (^) Until the 1960s logic circuits were constructed with bulky components, such as transistors and resistors that came as individual parts.
• (^) The advent of integrated circuits made it possible to place a number of transistors, and thus an entire circuit, on a single chip.

Digital hardware

• (^) Late 1960’s and early 1970’s saw a revolution in digital capability - (^) Smaller transistors - (^) Larger chip size
• (^) More transistors/chip gives greater functionality, but requires more complexity in the design process Integrated circuits are fabricated on silicon wafers
• (^) Wafers are cut & packaged to form individual chips
• (^) Chips have from tens to millions of transistors

Standard

• (^) Numerous chips are available that realize some commonly- used logic circuits. We will refer to these as standard chips , because they usually conform to an agreed-upon standard in terms of functionality and physical configuration. - (^) Each standard chip contains a small amount of circuitry (usually involving fewer than 100 transistors) and performs a simple function.
• (^) Disadvantage
  • (^) Integrated circuit technology improved, standard chips is that the functionality of each chip is fixed and cannot be changed.

Programmable Logic Devices ( PLD)

• (^) In contrast to standard chips that have fixed functionality, it is possible to construct chips that contain circuitry which can be configured by the user to implement a wide range of different logic circuits.
• (^) The designer can implement whatever functions are required for a particular application by setting the programmable switches as needed. - (^) The switches are programmed by the end user, rather than when the chip is manufactured.
• (^) The most commonly-used type of PLD is known as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The largest FPGAs contain billions of transistors , and support the implementation of complex digital systems. Disadvantage is the programmable switches consume valuable chip area and limit the speed of operation of implemented circuits.