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Main points of this past exam are: Distance, Pulsed Laser, Narrow, Digital Input Line, Duration, Original Direction, Digital Pulse
Typology: Exams
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1a
Moon
μComputer*
Counter/ Timer*
Parallel output port*
Parallel input port*
Mirror
Photodetector*
Laser*
Trigger*
Detect light*
Laser beam*
[showing moon or mirror was good but not required for full credit- they are strictly speaking not a part of your system] [1.5 points off for each starred (*) element missing; 0.5 points off for each starred element without a label] [0.5 points off if one of the laser beam legs is missing] Note: “Connection” is not limited to wires- consider radio and fiber-optic communications.
1b
l ong i1, i2,; double time, dist; outport(1,0); /* zero counter / outport(2,0); / make trigger low / outport(2,1); / make trigger high to fire laser / while(inport(3,1) == 1); / make sure detection signal starts low (ignore any prompt laser light) / while(inport(3,1) == 0); / wait for reflected laser beam / outportb(1,1); / latch timer/ i1 = inport(1); / read least significant word / i2 = inport(1); / most least significant word / time = i2 << 16 | i1; / pack time value in μs / dist = time * 0.15; / convert to km */
For full credit, it was essential to do the following: 1 Assert the trigger output first low, then high 2 Wait for the reflected laser light to go high (ignoring any prompt light is good design but not required for full credit) 3 Latch the timer before reading 4 Convert time to distance in km [2 points off if the outport(2,0); command is missing]
1c
Trigger
Laser light
Photodetector
10 μs
10 μs 2 s
Clock Counter (^0 1 2 3 4 5 )
[1 point off if no trigger pulse] [2 points off if no time scale or time information]
1d d = vt /
σ d 2 =
∂ d ∂ t
2 σ t 2
∂ d ∂ v
2 σ v 2 =
v 2
2 σ t 2
t 2
2 σ v 2 =
vt 2
t
2 σ t 2
vt 2
v
2 σ v 2
σ d d
σ t t
2
σ v v
2
d = 300,000 km t = 2 s σ t = 1 μs v = 300,000 km/s σ v = 0.15 km/s
σ d d
2
2 = 2
2
σ d = d 2
0.3km 2
= 0.212km
[12 points off for σd = σt σv = 1.5 x 10–7^ km] [2 points off for v = dt] [2 points off for the alternative, less statistically accurate method ∆d = (t + ∆t) (v + ∆v)/2 - tv/2 = 0.3 km]
2a
μComputer
16-bit output port
"output data available"
16
D/A (^) External circuit
"capture data"
Analog Digital data voltage
[1.5 points off for each element shown above that is missing; 0.5 points off for each without a label]