DLP The Nerve Cell (Neuron), Lecture notes of Psychology

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DLP The Nerve Cell (Neuron)

Junior High School (Daraga National High School)

DLP The Nerve Cell (Neuron)

Junior High School (Daraga National High School)

The Nerve Cell (Neuron)

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE

I. Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

Describe the structure and function of the nerve cells

Label the parts of the nerve cell

Cite the importance of nerve cells in the human body

MELC

Demonstrate understanding of organisms as having feedback mechanisms, which are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine system (S10LT-IIIc-36)

II. Subject Matter

Topic : The Nerve Cell (Neuron)

Date : February 15, 2024

Reference : MELC & Science 10 LM, pg.232-pg

Materials : Index card, manila paper, and images or diagrams of nerve cells

III. Procedure

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

Preliminary

Good afternoon class!

Please take a moment to arrange your chairs, collect any pieces of trash beneath them and put it in a trashcan.

Okay now let’s have an attendance. (Attendance will be collected after the discussion)

Good afternoon sir!

(The students will write their name on a piece of paper, one by one)

ENGAGE (motivation)

Have ever experienced a tingling sensation or felt pain when touching something hot?

What happens when we touch something hot?

Then why our hand moves away quickly?

Correct, and the brain then sends a message back telling the muscles in our hand to pull away.

So all that sensations are made possible by nerve cells in our bodies.

Yes sir!

Our hand moves away quickly.

The nerves in our skin shoot a message of pain to our brain.

Elaborate: (teacher)

As we said earlier, The Nerve Cell is a type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body. The messages are sent by a weak electrical current. Also called neuron.

The neuron is the primary functional unit of the nervous system.

There are two types of neurons that work together to connect the brain to the body:

Sensory neurons and Motor neurons

1. Sensory neurons, Also known as afferent neurons, these neurons are activated by sensory input from the environment. They convert stimuli into action potentials and send signals to the central nervous system. (Body-to-brain)
2. Motor neurons, Also known as efferent neurons, these neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to the body's muscles, skin, and glands. (Brain-to-body)

Now let’s talk about the structures of nerve cell.

The structures extending from the left side of a neuron that look a little bit like tree branches are called dendrites.

Dendrites are the area where neurons receive most of their information (signals).

Those signals picked up by dendrites cause electrical changes in a neuron that are interpreted in an area called the soma or the cell body.

The soma contains the nucleus , which contains the DNA or genetic material of the cell.

The soma takes all the information from the dendrites and puts it together in an area called the axon hillock.

If the signal coming from the dendrites is strong enough then a signal is sent to the next part of the neuron, which is called the axon. At this point the signal is called an action potential.

The action potential travels down the axon, which is covered with myelin sheath , an insulatory material that helps to prevent the signal from degrading.

Myelin sheath - layer of fat that wraps axon; protects and speeds up signal.

Axon terminal - sends message to next neuron

The last step for the action potential is the axon terminals , also known as synaptic buttons.

When the signal reaches the axon terminals it can cause the release of neurotransmitter.

When a neurotransmitter is released from axon terminals, it interacts with receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, and then the process repeats with the next neuron.

EVALUATION

Reflection

Answer the following questions:

What did you understand about the nerve cells and their role in the nervous system?

What is the importance of nerve cells in the human body?

Your grades should be based on your ability to understand and communicate the concepts of the lesson’s content; on whether you write/choose the correct answer or not.

Okay class this concludes our discussion for today. Goodbye everyone!

Goodbye sir!