documents about my study reviewer, Study notes of English

Download documents about my study reviewer and more Study notes English in PDF only on Docsity!

Organization and

Management

Quarter 1 – Module 5 & 6:

Planning

What I Know

Directions : Fill in the blanks ( answer the following in your LAS )

1. It has a central spine running left to right, around which is built map of factors which contribute to the final result or problem. a. Brainstorming b. Gantt Chart c. Fishbone Diagram d. Controlling
2. According to him, "Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them; it requires decision making, which is choosing from among future alternative course of action." a. Newman b. Henry Fayol c. Weihrich and Koontz d. Benjamin Franklin
3. It is the process of deciding in advance what to do be done, where, how and by whom it is to be done. a. Organizing b. Planning c. Decision-making d. Brainstorming
4. _________________ managers perform different tasks by their level of authority in the organization hierarchy. a. Middle-Level Managers b. Top-Level Managers c. Low-Level Managers
5. ______________________ managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They are the ones who the firm. They play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources. a. Middle-Level Managers b. Top-Level Managers c. Low-Level Managers
6. ___________________ is usually the first crucial creative stage of the project management and planning process. a. Brainstorming b. Gantt Chart c. Ishikawa Diagram d. Analyzing
7. According to _______________________, "If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail". a. Newman b. Henry Fayol c. Weihrich and Koontz d. Benjamin Franklin
8. _______________ describes the tactics the organization plans to use to achieve the ambitions outlined in the strategic plan. a. Strategic Plan b. Tactical Plan c. Operation Plan d. Single Use Plan

Planning is the process of deciding in advance what to do be done, where, how and by whom it is to be done. It is a process that involves anticipation of the future course of action. In this lesson, we will discuss types of plans, planning at difference levels in the firm, the techniques and tools used in planning and problem solving and decision making. i

What’s In

Let’s Hit the Springboard Activity ii Directions: Cite your responses to your Week 5 and 6 Learners Activity Sheet (LAS) Category Exemplary 10 Accom- plished 8 Developing*^6 Beginning^4 Score Content The output exceeds the expectations The output is complete The output is somewhat complete The output is incomplete Correct- ness The output is free from errors The output contains minimal errors The output has several errors The output contains many errors Efficiency The student was able to finish the task in the most effective way without wasting time and effort The student was able to finish the task in the projected amount of time The student was able to complete the task but used methods that consume much time and resource The student use the least efficient method in finishing task

What’s New

Let’s Examine!!!

Lesson

Phases of Economic

Development

If plan "A" didn't work, there are still 25 letters more in the alphabet.  Before you end up in this school, have you considered other schools, universities or Colleges to move up to Senior High?  At this point, have you decided which course you would take in college?  How do you see yourself or 10 years from now? According to Benjamin Franklin, "If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail".

Recall the things that you do to prepare yourself for a day in school. Answer the following questions. (answer these questions on your LAS* Starting Your Day

1. What are the first things you prepare when packing your bag for school?

---

---

---

---

---

2. Why are these things important for your day in school?

---

---

---

---

---

3. What activities do you look forward to in school?

---

---

---

---

---

4. How do you prepare for these activities?

---

---

---

---

---

5. Aside from school activities, what other tasks or activities do you prepare for?

---

---

---

---

---

6. Do you believe that planning and organizing your activities for the day is beneficial you?

---

---

---

---

---

What is It

Definition and Nature of Planningiii Planning is the process of thinking before doing. We have already been introduced to five essential functions of a manager which is Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Leading, and Controlling. This is also considered as a conceptual framework of management.

Below are the three types of plans used by management in order it out wit within an organizational framework:

1. Strategic Plan - a strategic plan is a high-level overview of the entire businesses, its vision, mission, corporate objectives, and values. This plan is the foundational basis of the organization and will form part of the long-term decision. The scope of the plan can be two, three, five or even ten years. The components of a strategic plan are:  Vision - Where does the organization want to be five years from now? This is how the company wants to be envisioned.  Mission - is a more realistic overview of the company's aim and ambitions. Why does the company exist? What does it aim to achieve?  Values - How do you want to inspire the world? How do you want to be known?
2. Tactical Plan - describes the tactics the organization plans to use to achieve the ambitions outlined in the strategic plan. It is a short range, say less than one year, a low-level document that breaks own broader mission statements into smaller, actionable chunks. This answers the question "how."
3. Operational Plan the operational plan describes the day to day running of the company. The operational plan charts out a roadmap to achieve the tactical goals within the tímeframe. This plan is highly specific with an emphasis on short-term objectives.  Single Use Plans - created or events/activities with a single occurrence, such as sales rally, marketing campaign, and recruitment drive, etc. Single use plans tend to be highly specific.  Ongoing Plans - These plans can be used in multiple settings on an ongoing basis It could be a policy, set of rules or procedures. Ongoing plans can be changed e repeated as required. Managers at every level will turn to the strategic plan to guide their decisions. It will also influence the culture within an organization and how it interacts with customers. Thus, the strategic plan must be forward looking and flexible. This answer the question 'what. The tactical plan specifically focuses on coming out with specific deadlines, timetables, budget, the resources, the person responsible for the project and marketing, funding, etc. Creating the operational plan is the responsibility of the low-level managers and supervisors. An operational plan can be either single use or ongoing

PLANNING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS IN THE FIRM

An organization can have many different managers, across different levels, positions, levels of authority and hierarchy. In any organization, managers are on top of their subordinates. They carry our plans through the support of their staffs. Here we will discuss planning at different levels in the firm. Most organizations have three management levels:  Top-level managers  Middle-level managers  Low-level managers These managers perform different tasks by their level of authority in the organization hierarchy. In many organizations, the number of managers in every level resembles a pyramid.

 Top-Level Managers

Top-level managers are the:  Chairperson  board of director  president  CEO (Chief Executive Officer  CFO (Chief Financial Officer)  COO (Chief Operational Officer)  Vice-president and Corporate head. Top-level managers have a great deal of managerial experience, most of them have an advanced degree such as Masters in Business Administration, others have been groomed and trained, moved up from the ranks and are part of the succession planning for high potential management trainees. Top managers do not direct the day-to-day activities of the firm, rather they set goals, leads the entire company to achieve the goals set. The goals, mission, vision of the firm is apparently set to the entire firm as a guide in achieving the set goal.

 Middle-level Managers

Middle-level managers, or middle managers are those in the level below top managers. Their job titles include:  General Manager  Regional Manager  Division Manager  Plant Manager These managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They are the ones who the firm. They play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources.

PLANNING

TOOLS

AND

TECHNIQUES iv There are planning tools that are being used by organizations, schools, businesses and the like. However, the discussion will be limited only to the three commonly used tools namely:  Brainstorming  Fishbone Diagrams, and  the Gantt Charts.  Brainstorming Brainstorming is usually the first crucial creative stage of the project management and planning process. It is a powerful technique that draws out ideas from a group of people. In brainstorming, everyone must be able to see the total picture of the whole scenario so that each will have a substantial contribution of ideas. Brainstorming places, a significant burden on the facilitator who manage the process, there may be a challenge on the involvement and sensitivities of the individual participant. Brainstorming Process

1. Define and agree on the objective
2. Brainstorm ideas and suggestions having agreed a time limit
3. Categories/condense/combine/refine
4. Assess, analyzes the effects or result
5. Prioritize options/rank list appropriate
6. Agree on action and timeframe
7. Control, monitor, and follow-up

 Fishbone Diagrams

Lesson

Planning Techniques and

Tools in Business Decision-

Making

It creates new ideas, solves problems, motivates and develops teams. Brainstorming motivates because it involves a member of a team in bigger management issues and it gets the team working together. However, bear in mind that brain- storming is not just merely a random activity. It needs to be structure and must follow brainstorming rules. Fishbone diagrams are also called " cause and effect diagrams ” and Ishikawa diagrams, named after Kaoru Ishikawa (1915- 1989), a Japanese professor who specializes in industrial quality management and engineering who devised the technique in the 1960's. Ishikawa diagram became known as a fishbone diagram, because obviously, it looks like a fishbone.

A fishbone diagram has a central spine running left to right, around which is built map of factors which contribute to the final result or problem. For each item, the main categories of factors are identified and shown as the main bones lead into the spine. Although Fishbone diagrams are being used in quality management fault detection, and in business process improvement especially in manufacturing and production companies, still the model is also very useful in project management planning and task management. Fishbone diagrams are excellent for identifying hidden factors which can be significant in enabling larger activities, resources areas or parts of a process. Fishbone diagrams are not useful for scheduling or showing time-critical elements. Cause and Effect Diagram or Fishbone/Ishikawa Diagram Figure 9. Cause and Effect At a simple level, the fishbone diagram is a very effective planning model and tool especially for "mapping' an entire operation. Some fishbone diagram can be very complex, which is common in specialized management areas, especially where system are computerized.

The decision therefore is a choice, however, the conclusion or the said choice is not just based on intuition and one person's idea, in management it should be based on gathered facts. One of the competencies that a manager should have is the ability to make a sound decision. Thus, decision-making is the core of managerial activities in an organization. Steps in Decision Making

1. Identify the problems -
2. Seek information - 3. Brainstorm solutions-
3. Choose an alternative

5. Implement plan

6. Evaluate outcomes realizing what is there to make decisions for is important. Decisions are not made arbitrarily; they result from an attempt to address a specific problem, need or opportunity. What is the potential cause of the problem? Managers must seek out information to clarify options once the problem had been identified. list out potential solutions.

• managers weigh the pros and cons of each potential solution, seek additional information if needed and select the option they feel has the best chance to succeed at the least cost.
• there is no more time to guess second yourself once you put your decision into action. Get all your employees and bring your decision into action.

What’s More

Activity: Let’s Interviewvi

What I Have Learned

Directions : Fill in the blanks ( answer the following in your LAS )

1. A ___________________________ has a central spine running left to right, around which is built map of factors which contribute to the final result or problem.
2. _____________________ is the process of deciding in advance what to do be done, where, how and by whom it is to be done.
3. According to __________________________, "Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them; it requires decision making, which is choosing from among future alternative course of action."
4. According to _______________________, "If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail".

5. ______________________ managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the

entire organization. They are the ones who the firm. They play a significant role in the

mobilization of outside resources.

6. ___________________ managers focus on controlling and directing. They are responsible for

the daily management of line workers or the employees. Although lower-level managers do

not set goals for the organization, they have an unyielding influence on the company.

7. _________________ managers perform different tasks by their level of authority in the

organization hierarchy.

8. ___________________ is usually the first crucial creative stage of the project management

and planning process.

9. _________________ are extremely useful project management tools. It is named after the

US engineer and consultant.

10. _______________ describes the tactics the organization plans to use to achieve the ambitions outlined in the strategic plan.

• even the most experienced business owners, can learn from their mistakes. Always monitor the result of your strategic decisions. Be ready to adapt plan as necessary or to switch to another potential solution if the chosen one does not work as you expected. Interview your parents regarding the methods they use in making decisions for your family. Compare their personal decision- making methods with the methods, techniques, and models discussed in this lesson. Which among these are most closely related to your parents’ decision-making style or method.