Download DTS ST5102 Exam Two Study Guide and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
DTS ST5102 Exam Two Study Guide
Angel of the LORD - correct answer ✔✔This being appears in OT to function as theophany or Christophany, but this is not true for every occasion. Apollinarianism - correct answer ✔✔Jesus Christ's humanity was limited to body and emotions, not a human "higher soul"; thus, Jesus was divine only in his higher immaterial being, God on the inside, man on the outside; deemed heretical. Arianism - correct answer ✔✔A belief based on the teachings of the 4th century theologian Arius which maintained that Jesus Christ was the highest of all created beings, similar nature (homoiousios) but not the same nature (homoousios) with God the Father; thus the Son is considered a god but not consubstantial with the Father; deemed heretical. "Beginning of the creation of God" (Jesus) Rev 3:14 KJV, meaning? - correct answer ✔✔Jesus' self-description as the "arche" of God's creation carries the sense of the "beginner," "originator," "source," and "sovereign" of divine creation with rich implications regarding the Son's eternal inheritance and dominion. Chalcedonian Creed (Definitio Fidei)/Council (451) - correct answer ✔✔Chalcedonian Creed (Definitio Fidei=Faithful Definition) affirms that Jesus Christ possesses fully both a human nature (excepting sin) and a divine nature in a singular personal consciousness. 'Ehad - correct answer ✔✔"Ehad" has two main meanings: 1) one, 2) united. It came from the Hebrew verbal root "be united" which stresses unity while recognizing diversity within oneness. It is often used to refer to the God of Israel. "Yahid" is another Hebrew word that means one, without the united meaning as Ehad does. It is never used to describe God in OT. The point is, the Hebrew language has a word that could more forcefully exclude plurality within God, but the OT writers by the Spirit never employ it of God's oneness.
Anhypostasis - correct answer ✔✔Articulated by Cyril of Alexandria, the divine and human are so united in Jesus that there would be no (an-) human nature (hypostasis) without the divine; that is, there would never have been a human Jesus without the divine Logos assuming that human nature. Eternal Generation of Son - correct answer ✔✔The Nicean and Christian tradition affirms the eternal generation of the Son from the Father, as expression of Ps 2: ("today I have begotten you") and its citations in the NT and, again, the Greek monogenes (only begotten or one and only). Eutychianism - correct answer ✔✔Christ had "two natures before, but only one after, the Union" in the Incarnation; the divine and human natures commingled, each assuming the characteristics of the other; deemed heretical. Father God, primary roles - correct answer ✔✔1. The Divine Source of all
- Sovereign Ruler
- Holy Judge
- Compassionate Reconciler
- Him to Whom All Things Return Firstborn (Prototokos): 2 meanings - correct answer ✔✔Prototokos has two meanings, "One born first", or "one who possessed the supremacy, with the legal rights of the firstborn". Jesus Christ is firstborn, meaning Christ has supremacy over all creations. Fons Totius Divinitas - correct answer ✔✔God the Father is the ultimate divine source or grounds for all created existence. God the Father is the ingenerate source and ground of the Trinity itself. Hypostatic Union - correct answer ✔✔The two natures in the one person (hypostatis) of Jesus Christ, that is, two categorically different natures (the infinite divine and the finite human) coexist in the one consciousness of the Savior. Immaculate Conception - correct answer ✔✔Mary (not Jesus in this case) was miraculously conceived without a sinful nature, the miracle of absolute sinlessness
Christotokos (mother of Christ) instead of the more widely used Theotokos (mother of God). His opponents took this to mean that Nestorius advocated not only two natures but also two persons in Christ. It is condemned as heresy in Council of Ephesus (431). Parakletos (Advocate, Comforter) - correct answer ✔✔Refer to Christ and the Holy Spirit. It means the advocate, or comforter. Perichoresis - correct answer ✔✔The reciprocal indwelling (or mutual inhabitation, coinherence) of each member of the Godhead in the others, without confusion of personal distinctions. Believers also have similar experience through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. (John 17:21-23). Theotokos ("Mother of God") - correct answer ✔✔It means the mother/bearer of God. This doctrine was affirmed in the council of Chalcedon as orthodoxy. It does not mean that Mary is the Mother of Chris's divine nature, instead it means Mary was the mother of Chris's human nature. In incarnation Mary conceived and gave birth to Jesus, who is fully God and fully man in a united personal consciousness. Trinity - correct answer ✔✔The one true God who eternally exists as three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one in nature, equal in glory, and distinct in relations. Wisdom of Yahweh in Prov 8 - correct answer ✔✔The Wisdom of Yahweh appears as a personified divine attribute in OT and the NT authors appropriated and applied the image to Jesus Christ "in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" (Col 2:3). What are the primary evidence in the OT for the doctrine of the Trinity? - correct answer ✔✔1. The Hebrew word "Ehad", instead of the word "Yahid", is used to describe the one true God of Israel. While both "Yahid" and "Ehad" mean one, "Ehad" has an additional meaning, it means oneness with diversity.
- Elohim and Adonai, the second and third most frequent names of God in OT, are both in plural forms. There are also other references to God that are plural of intensity in OT. These references of God are conducive to Trinitarian discussion.
- God spoke with plural pronouns in Gen 1-3, Gen 11, and Isaiah 6.
- There are at least four Divine Agents of God in the OT, namely 1) the Spirit of God, 2) the Word of God, 3) the Wisdom of God, and 4) the Angel of God. Each term manifests both distinction from and unity with God.
- There are many passages on OT, especially in Psalm, Isaiah and Daniel that describe God appears distinct from God. Conclusion: Far from contradicting a Trinitarian theology, the Hebrew Testament is surprisingly conducive. OT offers us a very rich preparation for the Trinitarian Revelation of the New, so rich that only a view of the entire Old and New Testaments offers us a valid image and vision of God. What are key roles of God the Father? - correct answer ✔✔1. The Divine Source of all
- Sovereign Ruler
- Lord Chief Justice
- Compassionate Reconciler
- Him to Whom All Things Return Name three NT texts with high Christologies (those that clearly declare Christ's deity). Define Chalcedon's declaration of Christ's two natures (human and divine)? How do the two relate? Why is it important? - correct answer ✔✔High Christology NT texts include John 1-18; Col 1:13-19; Hebrew 1:1-14; Phil 2:5-11. Chalcedon declares Christ as the hypostatic union of two natures in the one person, that is, two categorically different natures (the infinite divine and the finite human) coexist in the one consciousness of Jesus Christ. Hypostatic Union: Both Christ's divinity and humanity subsist in the one hypostasis, the Second Person of the Godhead. Enhypostatis: Christ's human nature exists in His divine nature; the divine nature assumed and sustains the human nature in the one person of Jesus Christ.
Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834) - correct answer ✔✔Influenced by Immanuel Kant, the popular Berlin preacher and theologian , reinterpreted the essence of Christian faith as the gefühl or feeling of filial dependency upon God. While the example of such filial dependency is best seen in Jesus, such a salvific experience is universal and transcends religious paradigms. In The Christian Faith (2d ed, 1830) Schleiermacher interprets "The Divine Trinity" (¶170) as the church's interpretation of the threefold experience of God as Father, Brother, and Spirit. Because Trinity does not necessarily describe the ineffable God, Schleiermacher's concept even of God the Father may fall short of a truly personal divine being. Adolf von Harnack - correct answer ✔✔Jesus' gospel is about the Father, and Kingdom, not the Son. Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. Karl Barth(1886-1968) - correct answer ✔✔often considered the greatest Protestant theologian of the 20th century. Arising out of the crisis of WWI, Barth is best known for challenging the prevalent liberal, non-Trinitarian theology that dominated theology from *Schleiermacher onward. Barth's massive Church Dogmatics reaffirms a form of historic Trinitarian orthodoxy with God as the Revealer, Revealed, and Revealedness; God self-manifests as unimpaired in unity yet also unimpaired in differentiation (I. 339). Rather than the term persons, Barth prefered to speak of three modes of existence—although he seems innocent of classical modalism. He insisted that the Bible is the foundation of Trinitarian dogma, albeit only implicitly. His strong classical view of the Incarnation of the Word reaffirmed traditional categories of enhypostasis and anhypostasis. Later 20 th century theologians have sometimes credited Barth with the beginning of the twentieth-century renaissance of Trinitarian thought, including elements of a relational or social Trinitarianism. Rudolph Bultmann (1884-1976) - correct answer ✔✔New Testament scholar and theologian famous for his program of demythologizing the New Testament. In his effort to translate Christianity into modernity (via Heidegger's existentialism), drove a wedge between objective history and religious faith. Beyond most other Neo- orthodox (or existential) theologians, radical textual criticism together with his ardent personalization of the Cross-event largely reduced the Christian experience to an individual's death to nonbeing and rebirth to new life. explicitly denied the deity of Christ and Trinity. Whether a person's encounter with God in Christ was in fact an experience of God or whether it was ultimately only an existential crisis of self-authentification is unclear. Ebionism - correct answer ✔✔A primarily second century belief among peripheral groups in the Jewish diaspora that viewed Jesus Christ as an exceptional prophet (similar to John the Baptist)—human but not divine;they strictly adhered to Jewish law and rejected Paul's writings.
Docetism - correct answer ✔✔A Christianized form of Gnosticism on the periphery of the early church which believed that the divine Jesus only appeared to have a human form; because the physical world is perceived as evil, it was unthinkable that the divine incarnate in human flesh (cf. 1Jn 1:1-4); deemed heretical. Adoptionism - correct answer ✔✔A belief which viewed Jesus as merely a virtuous human being chosen by God to be elevated to divine Sonship, through being anointed with his Spirit and resurrected as Lord of the church; deemed heretical. Modalism - correct answer ✔✔Advocated especially in the 3rd century, it constitutes a form of Monarchianism in which God diversely manifests himself as Father, Son, or Holy Spirit, thus denying eternal distinctions of three persons within the Godhead; the divine names denote only manifestations or modes of expression of a single- personned God. Deemed heretical. Sabellianism - correct answer ✔✔A 3rd century form of Modalism, the teaching denied three distinct persons of the Trinity and, some surmise, posited three successive modes of divine manifestation from the Father of the OT, to the Son of the Gospels, to the Holy Spirit of Acts and the present age; deemed heretical. Relational Trinity - correct answer ✔✔1) Genuine Personal Relations. 2) Not in hierarchy, but each exercising equal divine authority in distinct ways (horizontal, not vertical). 3) In the economic Trinity, we see the generous preeminence of the Father, the joyous collaboration of the Son, and the serving activity of the Spirit. Enhypostatis - correct answer ✔✔The human nature of Christ is assumed by and sustained by the divine nature. What is Christology important? - correct answer ✔✔1) Christ's Deity: Christ's divine nature was not always suppressed during his public ministry. The Savior's Sonship and innate authority were often the point of his teaching and miracles. That which is said about his submission to the Father and his anointing by the Spirit does not negate the active operation of his divine nature. He sometimes acted as Lord and God. This is often the point of the Gospels. At times, he presented himself as Lord of the Spirit. For this reason we bow before him and worship him.
